• Journal of the Ergonomics Society of Korea
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.93-104
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• 2004

The research subjects of this study were 30 unmarried Korean women from 20 to 29 who had never had an operation on their breast. Measurement method using plaster breast mold was used for measuring their volume of breast. The correlation between their breast volume and the methods to set up brassiere cups with the existing method and with their circumference of breast was analyzed using KendalI's Coefficient. which was to figure out a method which had a bigger correlation with the volume of breast between the method to set up brassiere cups using the existing method and the method using the circumference of breast. The results analyzed showed that the coefficient of correlation between the existing method and the volume of breast was .12 and the significance level was .45. They didn't have any correlation. On the other hand. the coefficient of correlation between the circumference of breast and the volume of breast was .82. which was very high values and the significance level was very high .0001. Therefore. it turned out that it was difficult to set up brassiere cups by using the existing method and it was easier and more reliable to set up the cups by using the circumference of breast.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.72-86
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• 2022

Volume-up pads are the most common and easiest way to make women with small breasts beautiful. In this study, to develop a volume-up brassiere pad with excellent wearing effects and appearance, 24 different types of volume-up pads commercially available in the online market were investigated and then 11 types were purchased. Among these eleven types, four pads (PAD1, PAD2, PAD3, PAD4) with distinct shapes and materials were selected through a pre-test. They were compared to the newly developed pad for research (PAD5). The results of the study follow. The results of evaluating appearance when wearing the developed pad (PAD5) were significantly higher than that of other pads, and the appearance evaluation score for the full-cup type pad was excellent. In the wearing satisfaction evaluation result, PAD5 showed generally excellent evaluation scores, and in the case of the touch, preference for the fabric material was higher than that of the silicon pad. In the evaluation of motion adaptability, the developed PAD5 showed generally excellent evaluation scores in all movements, indicating that the full-cup type pads had better motion adaptability than the partial-type pads.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.54 no.1
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• pp.45-52
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• 2021

Background: Atrial septal defect (ASD) is the most common congenital heart disease. However, the details of cardiac chamber remodeling after surgery are not well known, although this is an important issue that should be analyzed to understand long-term outcomes. Methods: Between November 2017 and January 2019, cardiac magnetic resonance imaging was performed preoperatively, at a 1-month postoperative follow-up, and at a 1-year postoperative follow-up. Cardiac chamber volume, valve regurgitation volume, and ejection fraction were measured as functions of time. Results: Thirteen patients (10 men and 3 women) were included. The median age at surgery was 51.4 years. The preoperative median ratio of flow in the pulmonary and systemic circulation was 2.3. The preoperative mean right ventricular (RV) end-diastolic volume index (EDVi) and RV end-systolic volume index (ESVi) had significantly decreased at the 1-month postoperative follow-up (p<0.001, p=0.001, respectively). The decrease in the RVEDVi (p=0.085) and RVESVi (p=0.023) continued until the postoperative 1-year follow-up, although the rate of decrease was slower. Tricuspid valve regurgitation had also decreased at the 1-month postoperative follow-up (p=0.022), and continued to decrease at a reduced rate (p=0.129). Although the RVEDVi and RVESVi improved after ASD closure, the RV volume parameters were still larger than the left ventricular (LV) volume parameters at the 1-year follow-up (RVEDVi vs. LVEDVi: p=0.016; RVESVi vs. LVESVi: p=0.001). Conclusion: Cardiac remodeling after ASD closure is common and mainly occurs in the early postoperative period. However, complete normalization does not occur.

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.567-572
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• 2012

This paper suggests the set-up plan of the assessment scope in road noise considering road characteristics with the prediction model of road noise. The RLS90 prediction model with some assumptions is used to establish the assessment scope of road noise. The main contents of the applied assumptions are smooth drive of cars, flat region, location of all noise sources in one lane, drive in design speed, and set-up of assessment scope according to traffic volume and car speed. The information of traffic volume to predict road noise is obtained by the distribution of small cars and full-sized cars in road. In this study, the total traffic volume in road is computed by adding the number of small cars to the conversion number of small cars, which means the number of small cars making the same noise as one full-sized car. The prediction result of road noise with the influence factor of traffic volume, car speed, distance between road and receiver is presented. The resultant assessment scope of road noise is obtained by combining road noise prediction data with the set-up standard of road noise assessment scope.

• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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• v.34 no.5
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• pp.449-464
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• 2016

The purpose of this study is to test applicability of cut-through roundabouts at a congested intersection and to provide the traffic volume ranges for theirs application. Various test scenarios were developed according to variation of total traffic volume, left-turn ratio to total traffic volume, and ratio of major road traffic volume to minor road traffic volume. In addition, three intersection types of cut-through roundabout, roundabout, and signalized intersection were compared with respect to delay times for each scenario, resulted from the simulation using VISSIM. In case of the ratio of major road traffic volume to minor road traffic volume, 6:4, the delay times of cut-through roundabout decreased up to 30% of left-turn ratio to total traffic volume for 400vphpl, up to 20% for 500vphpl, up to 10% for 600vphpl. In case of the ratio, 7:3, they are the same as 6:4 for 400vphpl, 500vphpl, and 600vphpl but they decreased up to 30% for 300vphpl and up to 10% for 700vphpl. In case of the ratio, 8:2, they are the same as 7:3 for 400vphpl, 500vphpl, and 700vphpl but they were reduced by 10% to 30% for 300vphpl and 20% for 600vphpl. It is concluded that the smaller left-turn ratio to total traffic volume as well as the ratio of minor road traffic volume to major road traffic volume is, the more effective in reducing delay times the cut-through roundabout is. Cut-through roundabouts can be expected to reduce delay times at a signalized intersections with traffic conditions above-mentioned.

• The Mathematical Education
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• v.52 no.4
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• pp.531-547
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• 2013

The purpose of the study is to examine how effects of activities using Google SketchUp on students' spatial ability and 3D geometric thinking in measuring the volume of solid figures. By comparing the results from pre- and post-tests between the experimental group and control group, we found that activities using Google SketchUp help students improve their spatial ability in the spatial orientation and visualization. In addition, more than half students in the experimental group moved from level 4 up to level 7 in thinking process of measuring the volume in terms of Battista(2004)'s levels. This study suggests that the instruction with Google SketchUp can help to improve students' spatial ability and 3D geometric thinking in the regular class in middle school. In addition, SketchUp can be an advanced technological tool to support students' self-directed learning, which create an efficient educational environment and a great opportunity to learn geometry in an effective manner.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.12 no.10
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• pp.425-431
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• 2014

The purpose of this study is to analyze dose comparison and image quality evaluation according to Volume and Helical mode using ATOM Phantom. It is to actively use the Volume mode in pediatric CT examinations. There was no significant difference with Helical and Volume in the value of Noise, HU, SNR(p>0.05). All dose values was no statistical difference(p>0.05). In the value of DLP and effective dose by part, Volume mode was measured lower than Helical mode. For qualitative analysis, by scan parameter helical mode showed respectively 2.6, 3.3, 4.36 and Volume mode indicated 2.8, 3.64, 4.44 point. Image evaluation for the follow-up, Helical mode and Volume mode were respectively 3.8 and 3.83. In fact, There was no significant difference. In CT scans in children under 5 years, because 640-MDCT Volume scan dose compared with Helical mode is lower and there is no significant difference with two modes in the image quality, 640-MDCT Volume scan is thought to be useful for pediatric CT scans.

• Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.167-178
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• 2000

An experimental study on step up filling method is carried out to reinforce the Yano method which is widely used to estimate volume ratio and self-weight consolidation settlement in reclamation area. This method considers actual reclamation construction in which dredged clay is continuously filled and rising of deposit height is presented as a result of volume decrease by height rising and self-weight consolidation. It measured the relationship between filling velocity and deposit rising velocity; calculated the total filling height which is needed to achieve the planned final deposit height, and its solid height and the time which is taken to finish the planned final deposit height; and on the basis of these calculated parameters, predicted the self-weight consolidation and volume change ratio in reclamation construction. Yano method is also used to predict the same conditions. 29.8% in self-weight consolidation, 31.1% in volume ratio, 40% in void ratio and water content is underestimated in Yano method compared to step up filling method.

• Journal of the Chungcheong Mathematical Society
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.195-213
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• 2023

Discrete volumes of poset polytopes for a variant of up-down posets introduced in [4] were studied. We obtained the generating functions for the discrete volumes of poset polytopes for a variant of up-down poset using the characteristic matrices.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.195-220
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• 1995

A lot of sludges occur during an activated sludge treatment process of the washing wastewater and by-product waste in the cuttlefish processing manufacture. The sludges give also out a bad smell, and their amicable reclamation is very difficult because of the limited area of the filling-up. To reduce the heavy weight and large volume of the sludges, they was burning up. After the burning up at 350t for 2hrs the weight(volume) of the sludges were reduced to 5% level of the initial value. In contents of the bad heavy metals for human after the burning up, cadmium and lead metal were slightly detected, while mercury and the bad others not detected.