• Journal of the Korea Fashion and Costume Design Association
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.15-25
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• 2014

The purpose of this study is to recognize the differences of visual evaluation by variations in width of hem line and waistline position of the bell buttom pants. The stimuli are 9 samples: One control group, 3 variations of the width of hem line and 3 variations of the waistline position. The data has been obtained from 56 fashion students. The data has been analyzed by Factor Analysis, Anova, Scheffe's Test and the MCA method. The results of the study are as follows: The visual evaluation by the width of hem line and waistline position of bell buttom pants are composed of 5 factors : comfort, personality, physical characteristics, stiffness and modern. Among these factors, the comfort is evaluated to be the most important factor. As a visual evaluation result of changes in the width of hern line, 62cm in width (the narrowest width) was highly evaluated in comfort and stiffness factors, 78cm in width (the widest width) was highly evaluated in personality and physical characteristics factors. For the result of changes in the waistline position, high-waisted bell buttom pants were was highly evaluated in personality and stiffness factors, low-waisted bell buttom pants were was highly evaluated in comfort, physical characteristics and modern factors. The width of hem line and waistline position of the bell buttom pants interacted to the comfort factor. The width of hem line had more influence on visual evaluation in personality factors while physical characteristics, stiffness and modern factors were affected by the waistline position.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.70-77
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• 2006

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the differences of visual image by variations in the location and width of the waist band of the one-piece dress. The stimuli are 24 samples: 8 variations of the location of the waist band and 3 variations of the width of the waist band. The data has been obtained from 50 fashion design majors. The data has analyzed by Factor Analysis, Anova, Scheff's Test and the MCA method. The results of the study are as follows. According to the result of factor analysis of the visual image based on the changes in the location and width of waist bands, three factors were identified- attractiveness, elegance and practicality. Among them, attractiveness was found to be the most important. The visual image was evaluated positively when waist bands were positioned above the natural waist line and negatively when waist bands were positioned below the natural waist line regardless of their width. In addition, the visual image based on the width of waist bands for one-piece dress was the most positive when the width was 4.5cm. No significant difference was observed in the visual image according to band width when the waist bands were positioned below the natural waist line. The interaction of visual image according to the location and width of waist bands for one-piece dress did not appear. As the main effect, significant differences were observed in all of the three factors according to the location of waist bands, but only two factors excluding elegance showed some difference according to the width of waist bands. When multiple classification analysis was applied to the factors without interaction, the location of waist bands appeared to have more significant effect on visual image than the width of waist bands.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.127-137
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• 2010

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the differences of visual image by variations in the volume of flare and the length of flare skirt. The stimuli are 12 samples: 4 variations of volume of flare and 3 variations of the length of skirt. The data has been obtained from 181 fashion design majors. The data has been analyzed by Factor Analysis, ANOVA, Scheffe's Test and the MCA method. The results of the study are as follows: The visual image by the volume of flare and the length of flare skirt are composed of 4 factors : matureness, attractiveness, stiffness and softness, moderateness. In these factors, matureness is estimated by the most important factor. When the volume of flare is $180^{\circ}$, the visual images are shown to be better. As the skirt gets shorter, it has more vivid and attractive image. And as the skirt gets longer, it looks older and gentle but not too plain or ordinary. The volume of flare and skirt length interact with each other in matureness and attractiveness factors. But the volume of flare affects more in stiffness and softness and moderateness factors than skirt length.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.81-103
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• 1994

In recent years, the visual characteristics of natural open space and greenbelt surrounding the urban landscapes have been changed with sprawling of residential areas and highrised residential buildings. Since these natural areas being the background element of residential areas are topographically sloped mountains in many cities. It is easy to be seen in the distance and it is important to preserve these areas as a visual infrastructure of the urban landscape. The purposes of this study are to extract the factors of landscape impact evaluation for these areas and to clarify the physical landscape variables representing these factors, and to infer the visual-perceptional relationships between image and landscape variables. As results, conceptional three factors were extracted with semantic differential evaluation to classified 18 landscape slide, and three regression models were established with factor score of landscapes and physical variables measured in photographs. On the basis of these relationships, visual-perceptional characteristics were discussed by analyzing the data form eye-movement recording to each of landscapes. The factors of "spatial unfolding of backdropped hilly greenspace", "horizontal quence of residential buildings", and "landscape complexity" prove to be important. And it prove important variables of "skyline of mountainous ridge" and "visual edge of building structure" in regression models and eye fixation movements.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.214-218
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• 2010

This research was to judge on the gathered skirt's shape by visual images that was from the different gathered skirts according to different sewing conditions; fabrics(cotton, mixed-wool, polyester), ratio of gathers(1.5T, 2.0T, 2.5T). Questionnaire consists of 33 semantic differential scale expressing gathered skirt's image, and 10 items of the shape were measured by 3D measurements method. The data were analyzes by factor analysis, correlation analysis, ANOVA. The image of gathered skirts was composed of the five factors of activities, attraction, grace, softness, and ordinary and it was showed that these five factors occupied 68.4% of the total variance. The shape of gathered skirts was composed of the two factors of the side and the front, and it was showed that these two factors occupied 93.6% of the total variance. According to correlation analysis of visual shape, the front was significant in activities, attraction and ordinary, and the side was significant in activities, grace and ordinary. As a result of ANOVA, the visual images were significant in ratio of gathers. 2.5 ratio of gathered skirts were perceived to be more active and attractive, and 1.5 ratio of gathered skirts were more ordinary and graceful.

• Journal of Korea Society of Digital Industry and Information Management
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• v.6 no.4
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• pp.171-182
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• 2010

The precent, many outdoor advertisements in the media has such experience. Looking at the trend of outdoor advertising media, visual stimuli, causing extreme curiosity, stimulate emotion, expression, such as illogical to consumers using a variety of unexpectedness "surprising expression" attempt to give a strong impression on consumers appears to can. In this study, outdoor advertising media, outdoor advertising is now through the case study to evaluate the characteristics of the media in the unexpectedness, in the process based on components derived extraordinariness configure Tetrad Map and extraordinariness factors of outdoor advertising media Analysis of the key elements to configure the user experience factor that has the purpose of identifying the characteristics extraordinariness. As a result of analysis of outdoor advertising media element to configure the Visual / Installation / Technology / Story of the most important factors acting Visual elements were found to be leveraging. Components, as well as factors was higher than the interest factor involved. So now with the development of outdoor advertising media, the unexpectedness expression appears in the flow, limited to the visual aspect of extraordinariness factors that could be seen being used. Characteristics of outdoor advertising media in the past did not deviate more as consumers look to stimulate the technical attributes of a visual form that could be seen to be extended.

• Journal of International Academy of Physical Therapy Research
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.708-713
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• 2014

The aim of this research was to investigate how the effects of body supported treadmill training with visual feedback affect the gait factors of stroke patients. Thirty subjects (21 male, 9 female) with a diagnosis of stroke were taken to the hospital to participate in this study. The subjects received body supported treadmill training with visual feedback. The training was executed for 6 minutes, 3 times a day per week for 19 weeks after general exercise. The effects of the visual feedback in the body supported treadmill training were evaluated by measuring the average gait cycle and the average step length of the affected and unaffected. The collected data were statistically analyzed by using a paired t-test. The results of this study were a significant improvement of the average gait cycle and no statistically significant difference of the average step length. The gait cycle average had a statistically significant difference in gender, age, etiology, paretic side, and step length average. There was no statistically significant difference in infarction within etiology. Therefore, it was necessary to apply the easy and simple with the treadmill training in the rehabilitation of the stroke patients. This study will require a variety of outcome measures related to the effects of treadmill training with gait factors.

• Archives of design research
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.103-114
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• 2002

Recently, it is more important to do part of software designers for developing user-centered software. They produce visual document for helping communication between developers and visual diagram for analyzing user need factors based on user scenario. Case study of architecture real dispatch service can show developing samples. It is important to produce visual document for one combined opinion between developers in process of defining of development boundary, main concept development, selecting of development system. And visual document process with visual language by software designer is step for recognizing of user need factors before developing interface design in process of collecting design factors of user and environment and analyzing design factor by user scenario. Also, in process of interface and prototype development, it need visual document for peaceful and concord process between developers. Those visual documents with visual language could help to define developers role and duty, user-centered concept development and various interface development proposal during software developing.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.63-69
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• 2005

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the differences of visual effects by variations in the location of the waistline and the width of the round belt of the basic skirt. The stimuli are 21 samples: 7 variations of the location of the waistline and 3 variations of the width of the belt. The data has been obtained from 43 fashion design majors. The data has analyzed by frequency, factor analysis, anova, scheffe's test and the MCA method. The results of this study are as follows. The visual effects by variations of the location of the waistline and the width of the belt are composed of 3 factors: the shape of the front part of the abdomen, the shape of the side part of the abdomen, and the length of the upper body. The visual effects by variations of the width of the belt have partial significant differences. The visual effects by variations in the location of the waistline have significant differences in all factors. The interaction effects between the location of the waistline and the width of the belt have not significant differences in all factors.

• Journal of the Ergonomics Society of Korea
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.207-215
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• 2013

Objective: This study aimed to investigate important human factors that should be considered when developing ultra-high definition TVs by reviewing measurement methods and main characteristics of ultra-high definition displays. Background: Although much attention has been paid to high-definition displays, there have been few studies for systematically evaluating human factors. Method: In order to determine human factors to be considered in developing human-friendly displays, we reviewed subjective and objective measurement methods to figure out the current limitations and establish a guideline for developing human-centered ultra-high definition TVs. In doing so, pros and cons of both subjective and objective measurement methods for assessing humans factors were discussed and specific aspects of ultra-high definition displays were also investigated in the literature. Results: Hazardous effects such as visually-induced motion sickness, visual fatigue, and mental fatigue in the brain caused by undesirable TV viewing are induced by not only temporal decay of visual function but also cognitive load in processing sophisticated external information. There has been a growing evidence that individual differences in visual and cognitive ability to process external information can make contrary responses after exposing to the same viewing situation. A wide vision, ultra-high definition TVs provide, can has positive and negative influences on viewers depending on their individual characteristics. Conclusion: Integrated measurement methods capable of considering individual differences in human visual system are required to clearly determine potential effects of super-high vision displays with a wide view on humans. All of brainwaves, autonomic responses, eye functions, and psychological responses should be simultaneously examined and correlated. Application: The results obtained in this review are expected to be a guideline for determining optimized viewing factors of ultra-high definition displays and accelerating successful penetration of the next-generation displays into our daily life.