• 한방비만학회지
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.1-9
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• 2021

Objectives: The enzymatic hydrolysis is one of the processing methods that improve its effectiveness on medicinal herbs. In this research, changes in ingredients and activity by enzymatic hydrolysis were studied. Methods: For this study, a carbohydrate hydrolase such as viscozyme, which converts glycosides to aglycone, was applied to induce constituent changes in Sophora japonica Linne, Houttuynia cordata Thunberg and Leonurus japonicus Houttuyn. Changes in antioxidant activity were measured using the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazl (DPPH) method, and changes in ingredients were analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography. Results: As a result of enzymatic hydrolysis, the content of quercetin was increased from 1.26 mg/g to 29.66 mg/g in Sophora japonica Linne, from 0 mg/g to 0.66 mg/g in Houttuynia cordata Thunberg and from 0.43 mg/g to 0.71 mg/g in Leonurus japonicus Houttuyn. As a result of the antioxidant experimentation, the IC₅₀ of Sophora japonica Linne decreased from 5 ug/ml (MeOH extract) and 9.1 ug/ml (EtOAc fraction) to 3.0 ug/ml, Houttuynia cordata Thunberg decreased from 15.6 ug/ml (MeOH extract) and 13.6 ug/ml (EtOAc fraction) to 11.2 ug/ml, and Leonurus japonicus Houttuyn decreased from 14.4 ug/ml (MeOH extract) and 12.6 ug/ml (EtOAc fraction) to 10.2 ug/ml. Conclusion: In conclusion, it was confirmed that glycoside rutin contained in the three medicinal herbs was changed to quercetin which is the aglycone, by the enzymatic hydrolysis using viscozyme. In terms of antioxidant activity, Sophora japonica Linne showed a significant antioxidant activity value that closes to the control group butylated hydroxyanisole. Houttuynia cordata Thunberg and Leonurus japonicus Houttuyn showed a minor increase in antioxidant activity.

• 대한한방내과학회지
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• 제44권6호
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• pp.1243-1255
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• 2023

Objective: This study aims to explore the pharmacological effects and mechanisms of enzyme (Viscozyme)-treated garlic extract (EG) in an animal model of acute enteritis induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Methods: The experiment included four subgroups: normal, control, EG200 (treated with 200 mg/kg EG), and EG400 (treated with 400 mg/kg EG). Drug administration lasted 3 days, followed by the induction of acute enteritis in all groups (except normal) through the intraperitoneal administration of 20 mg/kg of LPS 1 h after the last oral dose. Autopsy was conducted 24 h later to collect serum and colon tissue. Serum was analyzed for reactive oxygen species (ROS) and C-reactive protein (CRP), while Western blotting was performed on the colon tissue. Results: After analyzing the ROS and CRP levels in serum, the EG treatment group exhibited a significant decrease compared with the control group. The EG treatment group exhibited a significant decrease in the activation of the mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs)/nuclear factor-kappa B p65 (NF-κB) pathway compared with the control group. EG administration significantly regulated apoptosis-related factors, including B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2), Bcl-2-associated X, cysteine aspartyl-specific protease-3, and cytochrome C. Conclusions: EG treatment in mice with LPS-induced acute colitis reduced the ROS and CRP levels, suppressed the MAPKs/NF-κB pathway in the colon, and effectively alleviated acute enteritis by modulating apoptosis-related factors. Based on these findings, EG emerges as a promising candidate for the prevention and treatment of acute colitis, showing its potential therapeutic efficacy in this experimental model.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제4권3호
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• pp.183-190
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• 2010

Blueberry was enzymatically hydrolyzed using selected commercial food grade carbohydrases (AMG, Celluclast, Termamyl, Ultraflo and Viscozyme) and proteases (Alcalase, Flavourzyme, Kojizyme, Neutrase and Protamex) to obtain water soluble compounds, and their protective effect was investigated against $H_2O_2$-induced damage in Chinese hamster lung fibroblast cell line (V79-4) via various published methods. Both AMG and Alcalase hydrolysates showed higher total phenolic content as well as higher cell viability and ROS scavenging activities, and hence, selected for further antioxidant assays. Both AMG and Alcalase hydrolysates also showed higher protective effects against lipid peroxidation, DNA damage and apoptotic body formation in a dose-dependent fashion. Thus, the results indicated that water soluble compounds obtained by enzymatic hydrolysis of blueberry possess good antioxidant activity against $H_2O_2$-induced cell damage in vitro.

• ALGAE
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.341-347
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• 2003

The potential antioxidative activity of water-soluble enzymatic hydrolyzates from a kelp, Ecklonia cava was evaluated by free radical scavenging and lipid peroxidation assays. To prepare water-soluble hydrolyzates from E. cava the seaweed was enzymatically hydrolyzed by five carbohydrases (Viscozyme, Celluclast, AMG, Termamyl and Ultraflo) and five proteases (Protamex, Kojizyme, Neutrase, Flavourzyme and Alcalase). Among all the hydrolyzates, Celluclast hydrolyzate effectively scavenged free radicals released from DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2- pricrylhydrazyl) and recorded around 73% scavenging activity at the concentration of 4 mg ${\cdot}ml^{-1}$. This hydrolyzate was thermally stable and DPPH radical scavenging activity remained 80% or higher at heating temperatures of 40 and 60$^{\circ}C$ up to 12 h and around 80% at 100$^{\circ}C$ up to 8 h. AMG and Ultraflo hydrolyzate inhibited the lipid peroxidation of fish oil as that of $\alpha$-tocopherol. These results suggested that an enzymatic extraction will be an effective way for the production of a potential antioxidant from seaweeds.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제26권5호
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• pp.794-799
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• 1997

The effective fermentation methods of Kimchi juice for utilization of outer layer of Chinese cabbage, an waste of Kimchi industry were studied. The Kimchi juice prepared with brining and grinding the waste of Chinese cabbage and addition of spices was fermented at $25^{\circ}C$. Addition of 5$^{\circ}C$15% fermented Kimchi juice of pH 5.4 at initial stage and pH 4.4 at middle state resulted in a significant increase in fermentation rate and solid content after 12 hours of fermentation. The combined method of enzymatic hydrolysis(0.1% viscozyme) of the brined and ground cabbage and addition of 2.0% NaCl, 1.0% sucrose and 10% fermented juice of pH 5.4 first and 4.4 during fermentation, respectively resulted in more rapid fermentation. The solid concentration was 5 times higher than control at maximum point and acidic and total flavor intensity were also significantly high.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제25권5호
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• pp.589-591
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• 1993

3가지의 다당류 분해효소를 사용한 가수분해가 미역추출액의 상징액율, 고형분 수율, 점도에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. 그 결과 추출전에 효소분해할 때 고형분 농도를 27.31%, 고형분 수율을 14.04%까지 증가시켰다. 그러나 미역 분산액을 원심분리 후의 상징액율은 약간 낮았다. 추출액의 점도는 효소분해 초기에 유의적으로 증가하였다.

• KSBB Journal
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.131-136
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• 2013

The hydrolysates prepared with various enzyme digestion of Capsosiphon fulvescens were used to measure the inhibitory effects against angiotensin I converting enzyme (ACE). The commercially available enzymes such as Celluclast, Viscozyme, Lysing enzyme, Flavourzyme, Alcalase and Pectinex were used to digest C. fulvescens and produce hydrolysates. The maximum ACE inhibitory activity was observed using Alcalase hydrolysis (72.9%). The optimal conditions of Alcalase extraction were pH 8.0 and extraction time for 12 hr. The hydrolysates were fractionated using preparative-LC and anion-exchange chromatography on DEAE-cellulose and the fraction B and B-2 were isolated. The ACE inhibitory activity of fraction B-2 by anion-exchange chromatography was 82.6%. The molecular weight of fraction B-2 estimated using size exclusion chromatography was about 1 kDa. The monosaccharide composition of the fraction B-2 was determined to be mannose (1.1%), glucuronic acid (1.3%), galactose (1.3%) and glucose (96.3%).

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제43권3호
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• pp.404-410
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• 2014

배(Pyrus pyrifolia)의 과피와 과심에 복합효소처리 의해 물리화학적 특성 및 기능성에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. 배의 과피와 과심에 4종의 복합효소를 처리할 경우 과피의 가용성 고형분 함량이 증가하였고 과심은 유의적으로 증가하지 않았다. 과피의 가용성 고형분 함량은 Pectinex로 처리하였을 때 가장 높은 증대효과를 나타냈다. 또한 배의 과피와 과심에 Pectinex로 처리하였을 때 높은 환원당 추출 수율을 얻을 수 있었다. 총당 함량은 대부분의 효소처리군에서 증가하여 효소에 의해 탄수화물이 분해되어 당 함량이 증가하는 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 배의 과피에 Viscozyme으로 처리할 경우 총 폴리페놀 함량, 총 플라보노이드 함량, DPPH radical 소거능, ABTS radical 소거능 및 SOD 유사활성이 가장 높은 증대효과를 보였다. 또한 과심에 Celluclast로 처리할 경우 총 폴리페놀 함량이 증가하였고, 총 플라보노이드 함량은 Ultraflo 처리군을 제외한 나머지 효소처리군에서는 비슷한 양상으로 증가하였다. 또한 과심에 4종의 복합효소처리 시 DPPH radical 소거능과 ABTS radical 소거능은 유의적으로 증가하지 않았고 SOD 유사활성은 모두 증가하였다. 결과적으로 배의 과피와 과심에 탄수화물 분해 복합효소를 처리함으로써 고형분, 환원당 및 항산화 물질의 추출률을 증가시키고 항산화 활성을 향상시킬 수 있음을 확인하였다.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.345-356
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• 1996

우렁쉥이 껍질은 다량의 색소를 함유하지만 껌질 자체는 어류가 소화시킬 수 없는 구조를 갖기 때문에 색소분해가 일어나지 않도록 고압 가열하거나 효소처리하여 소화할 수 있는 상태로 만들면 어류 사료에 직접 첨가할 수 있게 된다. 따라서 본 실험은 우렁쉥이 껍질 분말에 viscozyme, celluclast, visco-cell (1:1), ultrazyme 등의 복합효소를 일정량 첨가한 후 $50^{\circ}C$에서 일정시간 분해시키면서 일어나는 화학적 변화를 조사하였다. 불용성 고형분과의 분리능력을 의미하는 상청액율은 효소 첨가구의 농도가 $55.20\~71.88\%$로 효소 무처리구의 $52.68\%$에 비하여 높았고, 고형분 수율도 $800{\mu}l$ 첨가시 까지는 증가하다가 이후 감소하는 경향이었다. 이를 토대로 Duncan multiple test를 하여 각 인자간의 상관관계를 고려한 후 기준 첨가량을 $400{\mu}l$로 하였다. 각 효소의 최적 반응시간을 결정하기 위하여 껍질 분말에 각 효소 $400{\mu}l$를 첨가한 후 20, 40, 60, 120, 180, 240분간 반응시켰다. 효소의 종류에 관계없이 고형분 수율, 상청액율 및 고형분 농도 값이 반응 60분 후에는 거의 변화가 없는 것으로 나타났다. 상청액 중 당 조성을 분석한 결과 viscozyme 처리구는 glucose, N-acetyl-D-galactosamine이 주성분이었고, celluclast 처리구는 glucose, N-acetyl-D-glucosamine이, ultrazyme 처리구는 glucose가 주성분이었으며, visco-cello(1:1) 혼합효소구는 celluclast에 의한 영향이 큰 것으로 나타났다. 껍질은 약 $40\%$의 단백질 (건물량)을 함유하지만, 각 부위별 아미노산 조성은 내피 중의 함량이 가장 높아 21.00g/100g sample이었다. 이들 아미노산 함량중 Asp와 Glu가 가장 많았고, 내피 중 필수아미노산의 함량도 껍질보다 높았다. 껌질 중의 지방산 조성은 매우 다양하였으며, 포화 지방산 중에서는 14 : 0, 16 : 0, 18 : 0가 주성분이었으며, 불포화지방산 중에서는 n-3 계열의 총지질 (TL), 중성지질 (NL), 극성지질 (PL)이 각각 $19.72\%,\;20.44\%,\;20.10\%$였고, n-6 계열의 TL, NL, PL이 각각 $9.21\% \;9.10\%,\;12.18\%$였다. 총 포화지방산의 함량은 PL이 $40.31\%$, NL이 $36.44\%$, TL이 $35.41\%$로 PL의 함량이 높았다.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제36권11호
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• pp.1358-1364
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• 2007

본 연구에서는 감귤 과피의 Viscozyme L 효소를 첨가하여 가수분해물을 제조하고, 이들의 플라보노이드 조성의 변화를 반응표면분석하여 모니터링하였다. 그 결과 효소처리에 따라 aglycone 형태의 플라노보이드인 hesperetin 및 naringenin 함량이 증가하는 것으로 나타났으며, 가용성 고형분 함량과 aglycone 형태의 플라보노이드 함량이 높은 최적 효소처리 조건은 효소농도 1.5% 및 반응시간 18 hr으로 설정되었다. 일반진피의 경우는 가용성 고형분 함량 48.49%이고, 플라보노이드는 hesperidin 58.85 mg/g만 검출되어졌으나, 최적 효소처리 조건에서는 가용성 고형분 함량은 72.97%로 나타났으며, 플라보노이드 조성은 naringin 1.56 mg/g, hesperidin 31.31 mg/g, naringenin 2.58 mg/g 및 hesperetin 3.90 mg/g으로 각각 나타났다. 일반진피와 효소 처리한 감귤 과피의 전자공여능 및 ACE 저해활성을 측정한 결과 효소 처리한 감귤 과피가 활성이 더 높은 것으로 나타났다.