• The Journal of Korean Society for School & Community Health Education
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.87-101
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• 2016

Objectives: This study was for analysis the educational needs of personnels who works for hypertension and diabetes centers in community in order to serve as the basis for the development of the future educational programs. Methods: To analyze the educational needs of personnels who wokrs for hypertension and diabetes centers in community, a survey based on CompHP core competencies framework for health promotion was conducted in September 2016. 102 personnels were answered to the online questionnaires and collected data were analyzed through SPSS. Results: The highest point of educational needs was 'how to use verbal and non-verbal effective communication skills' among 46 core competencies for health promotion and 'self-management practical skills for hypertension and diabetes patients'. There were some differences of educational needs between leaders and general staff members of centers. Most wanted educational subjects of leaders are 'contribute to the development and dissemination of health promotion evaluation and research process', and 'use evaluation findings to refine and improve health promotion action'. On the other hand, most general staff members of centers wanted 'use effective communication skills including written, verbal, non-verbal, and listening skills' and 'facilitate the development of personal skills that will maintain and improve health. Conclusions: Evidence-based and long-term educational programs should be developed for personnels who works for hypertension and diabetes centers in community.

• Korean Journal of Adult Nursing
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.276-286
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• 2002

Purpose: The concept of embarrassment as an unpleasant emotion is important in caring for those who are in the continuum of illness and health requiring body care and facing sexual problems. In spite of its nursing implication, embarrassment has not been focused in nursing research. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to develope a conceptual analysis of embarrassment. This analysis would help to understand comprehensively an embarrassing situation in which an intimate relationship between nurse and patient regarding body care of the patient could develope. Futhermore, it would be a basis for developing strategies for prevention of embarrassment which could lead for both patient and nurse to emotionally vulnerable situation because of their failure of self-presentation (impression management). Method: The concept analysis model suggested by Walker and Avant (1988) is used to clarify what is meant by the term 'embarrassment'. Result: This analysis defines the attributes of embarrassment such as follows. First, embarrassment is often attributed to situational factors interrupting a smooth interaction such as intimacy, confusion, vulnerability, exposure of interaction and characteristics of audience. Second, embarrassment is closely related with cognitive factor such as fear of losing face resulted from a behaviour being out of line. Third, embarrassment is closely associated with dispositional factor such as embarrassability. Fourth, embarrassment is an unpleasant and unwanted emotion arising reactively after an interaction had occurred. Fifth, embarrassment encloses physical, physiological and behavioral aspects such as a variety of unique and easily noticeable reactions and a pattern of verbal and non-verbal behaviour for coping in an embarrassing situation. The antecedents were normally socialized adolescents with normal cognitive ability, concern of losing face, embarrassability, embarrassing events related with situational intimacy, confusion, vulnerability, exposure of interaction and characteristics of audience, physical, behavioral blunders resulting in a failure of impression management. The consequences were an emotional coping behaviour, audience's embarrassment responses, and verbal and non-verbal coping strategies of interactional participants. Conclusion: It is hoped that this analysis will stimulate further exploration of this concept and study for developing systematic assessment and nursing practice that diminishes embarrassment of interactional participants.

• Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
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• v.9 no.9
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• pp.1208-1221
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• 2006

In this paper, we implement an AAC(Augmentative and Alternative Communication) system based on image dictionary in order that speech defectives can easily communicate their opinion to others by using images. Normally, those who have a speech defect use only a few limited words to express their intentions and it is an effective way to use images in their communication because they have a difficulty in speaking. Therefore we make verbal images of verb and adjective that play an important role in expressing the speaker's intention, define pattern of semantic relation between the verbal images and noun images, and construct the image dictionary. In this AAC system, when a user clicks a verbal image, the system generates a sentence by selecting noun images which are component parts of corresponding pattern based on semantic relation with the verbal image. We evaluate the implemented system by how efficiently children of speech defect can express their intention and the result shows more than 70% of success rate in communication.

• Korean Journal of Biological Psychiatry
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.65-73
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• 2014

Objectives This study aimed to identify the differences and the profiles of cognitive deficits in remitted patients with schizophrenia and first-degree relatives of schizophrenic probands. Methods A total of 26 remitted states of schizophrenia patients were included in the study and the same number of unaffected first-degree relatives of schizophrenic probands and healthy controls were matched for age, sex, years of education. Cognitive function of all participants was measured by using the Digit span test, the Continuous performance test, the Rey auditory & visual learning test, the Complex figure test, the Verbal fluency test, the Wisconsin card sorting test and the Finger tapping test. The effects of subsyndromal symptomatology and general intelligence score were controlled. Results Schizophrenia patients' group showed more significant impairment than other groups in verbal memory (learning, immediate recall, delayed recall), visual memory (copy, immediate recall, delayed recall) and cognitive flexibility domains. The family group and the patient group commonly performed significantly worse than healthy controls in working memory and verbal fluency (category) tests. There were no differences in sustained attention, psychomotor performance. Conclusions Our research shows that the deficit in working memory and verbal fluency could be strong candidates of endophenotypic marker in schizophrenia.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.183-195
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• 2020

Non-verbal communication cues seem to be increasingly used in social media, such as emoticon, like, follow, etc. A Q methodology study is conducted to explore this phenomenon. Via a series of focus group activities with Facebook heavy users, 34 Q statements concerning online non-verbal communication cues are derived. Different Facebook users conduct Q sorts of these statements based on frequent use basis. Analysis of Q sort result reveals three distinctive usage patterns of non-verbal communication cues in Facebook: 'safe distance keeping' type, 'observing hermit' type and 'fully dedicated aficionado' type. Discussions are made concerning different components of non-verbal communication cues utilized in these groups, respectively, which can provide a theoretical basis for social media design.

• Archives of design research
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.217-224
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• 2001

Graphic thinking for the idea sketches brings about variations between abstract realm and concrete one, and between conceptual realm and perceptual one. When design information is projected to the thinking process, some images are generated, and transformed. We reviewed the sketching devices for computerization to deal with a lot of design data in the computing environment. The LCD Tablet can be a substitute for the Pen & Paper to get rid of irksome tasks at handling the design data. Using a protocol analysis technique, we examined the influences of different design information, which is consisted of verbal concepts and/or visual images, and abstract information and/or concrete one. The findings show that there are no significant differences of influences between verbal/visual information and abstract concrete information at the conceptual design. These facts support that graphic thinking process is progressed with the perceptual and mental image.

• Language and Information
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.51-71
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• 2016

The status of the Korean morphological marker '-e ci' has been controversial whether it is a passive marker, an anticausative marker, or a passive/anticausative marker. However, the previous approaches that tried to classify '-e ci' constructions based on the syntactic verb classes (i.e. intransitive or transitive) were short of explaining the properties of the constructions. In this study, the '-e ci' constructions were distinguished based on agentivity, following Levin & Rappaport Hovav (1995) and Alexiadou et al. (2006). Moreover, how the verbal root meaning is associated with the passive/anticausative construction was investigated by means of Distributed Morphology (DM) (Embick 2010; Marantz 1997). I argued that the morphological marker '-e ci' is the instantiation of the absence of external arguments. With respect to the behavior of the Korean '-e ci' constructions with the semantics of each verbal root class, I found out that the '-e ci' constructions can form passives with the verbal roots that require the external arguments; whereas, the anticausatives cannot be formed with the roots that necessarily require the agentive arguments. However, contrary to the previous arguments that '-e ci' passives can be only formed with transitive verbs, it is discovered that non-agentive transitive roots do form anticausatives. Moreover, I argued that there are two types of the anticausatives - zero and '-e ci' anticausatives. Since the valency reduction is marked by the non-active voice morphology, the zero anticausatives appear only with the roots that do not require external arguments. The different '-e ci' constructions (passives, '-e ci', and zero anticausatives) are represented by the distinct syntactic structures. I proposed that the morphological similarity between the passives and the '-e ci' anticausatives is due to the presence of VoiceP, which introduces the external arguments. Moreover, the lack of the voice morphology in the zero anticausatives is explained by the absence of the VoiceP.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Laryngology, Phoniatrics and Logopedics
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.158-164
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• 2005

Melody intonation therepy (MIT) is to improve the linguistic aspects of the verbal utterance for aphasic patients utilizing the intact right brain. It is applied to the aphasic patients with good comprehension, poor fluency, and little available speech are thought to be ideal candidates. The purpose of the study was to investigate the effects of Korean Melody intonation therapy (kMIT) in patients with non-fluent aphasia. Five male non-fluent aphasic patients were participated in this study. Average ages were 49.9 years old. Each therapy took 45-50minutes once a week for six months. Aphasic Screen lest (RISS) was used to assess language parameter such as Auditory comprehension, oral expression, reading, writing and calculation ability before and after kMIT. Mean of Length Utterance, verbal intelligibility and articulation disorder were assessed also. Computerized Speech Lab was used to assess the acoustic characteristics of aphasic patients before and after kMIT. The results are as follows : 1) Auditory comprehension, oral expression, reading, writing and calculation ability of the subjects increased after UH'. However, only oral expression showed significant difference (p<0.05). 2) Mean of Length Utterance of five patients generally increased after Un. 3) After kMIT, verbal intelligibility increased and showed significant difference (p<0.05). 4) Misarticulation rate generally decreased after m. 5) Voice Onset Time of the alveolar lenis /t/ and velar lenis /k/ gradually decreased after kMIT. 6) However, intonation pattern were increased gradually in yes'no question after kMIT.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.282-295
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• 2018

Hair style allows consumers to express their aesthetic sense and individual beauty. However, due to the attributes of hairdressing services and the high expectations of consumers, complaints are increasing rapidly. This study examined the complaint behavior, compensation and hair salon patronage of consumers. Then, a model is presented that explains the complaint behavior for hairstyling, forms of compensation, and hair salon patronage through empirical analysis. This study was conducted by a survey method. A total of 399 questionnaires were used for the analysis. The data were analyzed using SPSS 23.0 and AMOS 23.0 statistical software. The dimension of complaint behavior for hair style included verbal complaints, non-verbal complaints in the salon and private complaints outside the salon. The forms of compensation included re-procedure, psychological, and material compensation. Hair salon patronage was one-dimensional. These results were obtained through exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis. Then the conceptual model was empirically analyzed by covariance structure analysis and obtained in final form through model modification. Verbal complaint behavior positively influenced re-procedure compensation. In addition, non-verbal complaint behavior had positive effects on psychological and material compensation. Hair salon patronage was positively affected by re-procedure and psychological compensation. However, private complaint behavior had a negative effect on hair salon patronage. The direct and indirect effects of the paths among variables were verified by analyzing the mediating effects of different forms of compensations. It is possible to establish differentiated marketing strategies with these findings for consumers with complaint behaviors by considering the forms of compensation.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.14 no.9
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• pp.4368-4379
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• 2013

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify the factors that influence verbal abuse in early childhood mothers and to examine the fitness of a path model among these variables. The goal of the study was to provide fundamental data on ways in which verbal abuse by early childhood mothers can be prevented. Methods: The data was collected by using self report questionnaires from December 7th to 25th, 2011. The subjects were 320 early childhood mothers who had children in kindergarten. In order to estimate the hypothesized model, the data was analyzed using the AMOS 18.0 programs for structural equation modeling. Results: Parenting stress, anger and anger expression demonstrated a direct effect on causing verbal abuse by early childhood mothers. This study suggest that parental education program are necessary which a early childhood mothers can be express positively about parenting stress and anger.