• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.365-379
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• 2001

This paper presents an echo-hydraulic experimental approach to assessment of ascending capacity of migratory fish in a baffled fishway. Sweetfish, Plecoglossus altivelis, trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss, are used in these experiments. Ascending environment of the migratory fish in rivers is analyzed through the results of taco-hydraulic experiments. Important factors affecting the ascending capacity of migratory fish in baffled fishways are the discharge and slope of fishways and the fall height between the fishway entrance and the river bed. In these fishways the migratory capacity of sweetfish for a given fishway discharge is mainly affected by fishway slope, whereas the ascending capacity of trout for a given fishway slope was influenced by the change of fishway discharge. Loss of ascending properties of landlocked salmon, Oncorhynchus masou var ishikawai, was confirmed by these experiments. An ascending hydraulic criteria of the baffled fishway is defined by means of dimensionless factor F$_{f}$ and falling head H$_{f}$. Ascending capacity of migratory fish in existing baffled fishways in river of eastern coastal region is poor because the slope of fishways is verb steep.eep.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.25-37
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• 1981

In diesem Aufsatz handelt es von einem theoretischen Betrachung $\"{u}ber$ Verbraucherschutz und besonders von jetzigem Zustand von Verbraucherschutz in der BRD aus Gesichtspunkt von Verbraucherpolitik und Verbraucherorganisation. Es ist sinnvoll, nicht nur der $Vergr\"{o}{\beta}erung$ des Forschungsgebiets der Hauswirtschaft, sondern im demokratischen Wiederaufbau der Volkswirtschaft, den Verbrauch subjektiv zu erkennen und die Volkswirtschaft aus Gesichtspunkt der Konsumente-nsouver\"{a}nit\"{a}t$ zubeleuchten. Unter Kosumfreiheit ist von drei Seiten aus zufassen. Zuerst der Seite der Konsumhandlung ist die Konsumfreiheit die Freiheit der Konsumwahl zu verstehen. Zum zweiten, auf der Seite des Markts ist sie die Erhaltung des den Produzenten gleichkommenden Zustand, d.h. die Verwirklichung des gleichwertigen Austausches unter gleicher Bedingung zu verstehen. Zum dritten, auf der Seite der Volkswirtschaft bedeutet sie den Zustand, da${\beta}$ die Konsumhandlung aktiv einen Einflu${\beta}$ auf den Produzent durch Marktmechanism $aus\"{u}ben$ kann. Soche Konsumfreiheit ist auf Kollektiver Ebene als auf individueller Ebene zu erreichen. Der Verbraucherschutz ist von zwei Standpunkte aus $erw\"{a}hnt$; auf der eine Seite die Regelung der Anbieter am Markt um Zweck von der Erhaltung und $F\"{o}rderung$ eines wirksamen Wettbewerbs, auf der andern Seite die $Sta\"{a}rkung$ der Verbraucher durch die Sicherung der Macht und $F\"{a}higkeit$ der Verbraucher. In den konkreten Methoden $f\"{u}r$ Verbraucherschutz gibt es Verbraucherpolitik durch den Regierungsanstalt und die verschiedenen $T\"{a}tigkeiten$ nach eigner Initiative von Verbraucher selbst. Den ersteren $geh\"{o}ren die $sozialp\"{a}dagogischen$ Ma${\beta}$nahmen, die sich auf die Verbraucher-$aufkl\"{a}rung$ und Ausbau der die Verbraucherinformationen erstrecken, und die sozialorganisatorichen Ma${\beta}$nahmen wie der Ausbau der Gesetzgebung und die verbesserte Koordinierung der mit den Verbraucherfragen befa${\beta}$ten Ressorts. Die letzteren sind die $Verb\"{a}nde$ und Einrichtungen der Verbraucher selbst, die sich um die Belange der Verbraucher $k\"{u}mmern$ und einen wachsenden Einflu${\beta}$ auf die Gesetzgebung nehmen $k\"{o}nnen$. Diese Methode der Verbraucherschutz $w\"{a}re$ die Information und Erziehung der Verbraucher und auch die Verbraucherberatungsstelle.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.635-644
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• 2020

This paper examines the types and functions of politeness in German communication and how politeness strategy can be realized. 'Politeness' is not a grammatical terminology in German, but it can be found in many places in grammar. The criteria for politeness are not only organized according to the rules of the language system, but the boundaries are ambiguous because non-language factors affect communication. Politeness is an important strategic element as well as social value. The polite expression first appears in the grammatical level of invariant with the form of address according to the familiarity between the conversational parties, verb modus, and modal particle. Modal particle with familiarity is considered to be a positive politeness strategy that limits the listener's speech by weakening or avoiding face threatening act. Modal verbs is classified as polite expressions that do not impose a psychological burden by not forcing the listener to make a direct request. The results of this study are therefore expected to suggest a rationale for empirical research on politeness in German communication.

• Lingua Humanitatis
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• v.5
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• pp.75-92
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• 2003

One of the distinctive features of Korean language is that it has a fine hierarchical regimentation of language uses, perhaps finer than English, Chinese or Japanese. If English language uses have a hierarchical structure they are to be thick. You may respond to any of your male colleagues often by saying either "Yes, Sir" or "Yes, John". But Korean speakers attend to the One grades of differences of social positions of a speaker and a hearer and they show the respect of the difference by adding or dropping relevant suffixes of verbs which Korean language has developed. For example, one yew difference would affect how you choose a suffix of verbs you use to speak to your hearer and two year difference often leads to the adoption of still another fitting suffix of the same verb. One year criterion works not only in 3my barracks, school dormitories but also in government offices. business sectors. Korean speaking people have been taught to use this finely regimented hierarchical language. I try, in this paper, to develop the idea that hierarchical regimentation of Korean language uses is not humane. 1 of for the main argument for the thesis as what follows: How could one justify the hierarchical regimentation of a language like Korean\ulcorner Only if there is an essential structure in which the fine grades of differences of social positions of all the people are distinct; The essentialism here involved is not plausible. And I may add that language is to be used fur the purposes of communication, rationalization and expression. If true, language use is a genuine art of liberation or humanization. Any overt hierarchical language tends to damage those purposes and more to enforce those oppressive elements already existing in the community. Then, a hierarchical language is to defeat its own purpose.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.11 no.5 s.43
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• pp.337-343
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• 2006

The number of digital camera users is increasing rapidly and countless number of photos floats about on the internet especially through wide-spreading Cyworld and blogs. Though portraits cover a large percentage of those photos, because of the property rights, near entirety or such photos are unavailable for use by web-page producers, advertising companies, web-designers, and so on, who need a variety of portraits with differing expressions and characteristics. This study offers a search engine that incorporates image characteristics based on natural language index, which can provide a fast and reliable search result. It will create an opportunity for the digital photographers to mure easily sell their pictures and simultaneously provide the would-be users of the photos a better and easier way to find the pictures they are looking for. Once the search engine is realized, it will become possible to use not only the nouns as keywords and categories but also verbs in search of portraits revealing feelings, expressions, dressings, and other characteristics.

• Koreanishche Zeitschrift fur Deutsche Sprachwissenschaft
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• v.3
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• pp.75-94
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• 2001

Die vorliegende Arbeit versuchte durch Umfragen an die deutschen Studierenden eine statistische Untersuchung $\"{u}ber$ die Grundwortstellung des Objekts und der Adverbien des Deutschen und $\"{u}ber$ ihre $Ver\"{a}nderungsm\"{o}glichkeit$ in Bezug auf die Verbposition. Dabei wurde gezeigt, dass die Grundwortstellung je nach der Art der Adverbien variiert. Die temporalen Adverbien gehen z.B. dem Objekt vor, $w\"{a}hrend$ die lokalen Adverbien generell hinter dem Objekt stehen. Im Gegensatz zum Ergebnis von Song (1993) wurde aber fesgestellt, dass im Deutschen die Wortfolge 'Objekt + Adverb' eher die vorherrschendere ist, als die von 'Adverb + Objekt'. Hier sollte man aber klarmachen, dass man dabei fast keine absolut bevorzugte Grund­wortstellung festlegen konnte, sondem dass sie eher je nach dem Sprecher sehr variiert. Im Vergleich mit dem Koreanischen, wo die Grundwortstellung zwischen dem Objekt und Adverbien nicht schwankend ist, ist es dem Deutschen charakteristisch, dass diese Grundwortstellung je nach der Art der Adverbien variiert und auch je nach dem Sprecher schwankend ist. Die Wortstellung des Deutschen kontrastiert sich auch gegen die des Englischen, in dem das Objekt konsistent den Adverbien vorgeht. Diese Ergebnisse waren $f\"{u}r$ DaF in Korea sinnvoll, wo das Englische als die erste und das Deutsche als die zweite Fremdsprache gelehrt werden und die Lemenden im Deutschunterricht nicht nur ihre Muttersprache, sondern auch das Englische als Bezugspunkt nehmen. Durch die Umfragen hat es sich nun ergeben, dass die Grund­wortstellung des Deutschen auch mit der Verbposition $zusammenh\"{a}ngt$. D.h., im Deutschen, wo das Verb an der zweiten Stelle oder am Ende des Satzes vorkommen kann, kann die Wortstellung von der Verbposition beeinflusst werden. Unter den verbfinalen Strukturen zeigt sich in den $Nebens\"{a}tzen\;die\;M\"{o}glichkeit\;der\;Wortfolgever\"{a}nderung$ deutlicher als in den $Modalverbs\"{a}tzen$ oder in den perfektiven$S\"{a}tzen$.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.423-428
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• 2017

These days, various and tons of education information are rapidly increasing and spreading due to Internet and smart devices usage. Recently, as e-Learning usage increasing, many instructors and students (learners) need to set a goal to maximize learners' result of education and education system efficiency based on big data analytics via online recorded education historical data. In this paper, the author applied Word2Vec algorithm (neural network algorithm) to find similarity among education words and classification by clustering algorithm in order to objectively recognize and analyze online recorded education historical data. When the author applied the Word2Vec algorithm to education words, related-meaning words can be found, classified and get a similar vector values via learning repetition. In addition, through experimental results, the author proved the part of speech (noun, verb, adjective and adverb) have same shortest distance from the centroid by using clustering algorithm.

• Journal of KIISE
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• v.43 no.7
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• pp.773-780
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• 2016

Semantic information and features are very important for Semantic Role Labeling(SRL) though many SRL systems based on machine learning mainly adopt lexical and syntactic features. Previous SRL research based on semantic information is very few because using semantic information is very restricted. We proposed the SRL system which adopts semantic information, such as named entity, word sense disambiguation, filtering adjunct role based on sense, synonym cluster, frame extension based on synonym dictionary and joint rule of syntactic-semantic information, and modified verb-specific numbered roles, etc. According to our experimentations, the proposed present method outperforms those of lexical-syntactic based research works by about 3.77 (Korean Propbank) to 8.05 (Exobrain Corpus) F1-scores.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.14 no.6
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• pp.11-22
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• 2010

The main purpose of this research was to examine the linguistic characteristics of domestic men's formal wear brand name. Four linguistic characteristics of language type, combined structure type of language, word class, length of brand name were investigated in this research and also examined the difference between brand type. For sample selection, the 209 men's fashion brands were selected from '2009 Korea Fashion Yearbook' and then, 25 brands which could not collect proper informations about the brand name or naming were excluded. Among total 184 men's brand names, 66 men's formal wear brands were selected and studied. For data analysis, quantitative evaluation of the frequency and qualitative evaluation have been used. The result as follows.; (1) Seven language types were found in domestic men's formal wear brand names. English has been used the most, then followed by Italian and French. (2) For combined structure type of brand name language, the single word used the most, followed by separately combined word type, artificially combined word, and unified word type. (3) The most frequently used the type of word class was noun, and followed by phrase, adjective, and verb. In the noun type, 6 different types which expressed a person, concrete & abstract entity, place, acronym, and neologic were found. For phrase, only noun type was appeared, however, 6 out of 20 phrases were abbreviated type. All eight adjective brand names implied an attributive character of the brand such as 'Dainty' or 'Solus(Solo)'. (4) The long name used most and then followed by normal and short length of brand name. Looking by the number of syllable, 4 syllables appeared the most and then followed by 3, 5, 6, 2 & 7 showed the same rate, and 8 syllables. (5) The result which compared the difference according to each brand type showed a difference in its language type, language combined style, word class, but length of brand name.

• Cross-Cultural Studies
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• v.27
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• pp.7-29
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• 2012

This study was aimed to analyze - focusing on the thesis of Younes - the pronunciation error occuring mostly for Arabian speakers to learn French pronunciation for Arabians and to suggest the effective study plan to improve such errors and provide the effective studying method. The first part is on how the Arabic and French pronunciation system are distinguished, especially by comparing and analyzing the system of graphemes and phonemes, with which we focused on the fact that Arabian is a language centralized on consonants, while French is a verb-centered language. In the second part, we mainly discussed the cause and the types of errors occurring when Arabic speakers study French pronunciation. As of the category of mistakes, we separated them into consonants and verbs. We assumed the possible method which can be used in learning, focusing on /b/, /v/, /p/, /b/ - in case of non-verbs and consonants - and /y/, /ø/, - in case of verbs - which don't exist in Arabic pronunciation system. One of the troubles the professors in Arabian culture have in teaching French to native learners is how to solve the problem on a phonetic basis regarding speaking and reading ability, which belong to verbal skill, among the critical factors of foreign language education, which are listening, speaking, reading, and writing skills. In fact, the problems occuring in learning foreign language are had by not only Arabian learners but also general groups of people who learn the foreign language, the pronunciation system of which is distinctly distinguished from their mother tongue. The important fact professors should recognize regarding study of pronunciation is that they should encourage the learners to reach the acceptable level in proper communication rather than push them to have the same ability as the native speakers, Even though it cannot be said that the methods suggested in this study have absolute influence in reducing errors when learning French pronunciation system, I hope it can be at least a small help.