• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.149-153
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• 2010

The present study was carried out to estimate genetic parameters for body weight traits in Ghezel sheep. The data set used was records of 9,221 lambs from 180 sires and 5,060 dams for birth weight (BW), 7,206 lambs from 167 sires and 4,497 dams for weaning weight (WW) and 6,112 lambs from 157 sires and 3,841 dams for 6-months weight (6 MW), which were collected from 1999 to 2007 (9-years) at Ghezel sheep Breeding Station in west Azarbaijan. Variance components and corresponding genetic parameters were obtained with univariate analyses fitting animal models using restricted maximum likelihood (REML) methods. The most suitable model for each trait was determined based on log likelihood ratio tests. Birth year, lamb gender, type of birth, age of dam and herd were significant sources of variation on BW, WW and 6 MW (p<0.01). Direct estimate of heritability for BW, WW and 6 MW was 0.24, 0.29 and 0.37, respectively. The estimate of maternal permanent environmental variance as a proportion of phenotypic variance was 0.09 and 0.05 for BW and WW, respectively. The results of this study showed that genetic progress for growth traits is possible by selection.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제29권12호
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• pp.1682-1687
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• 2016

The objective of this study was to estimate the genetic parameters of milk protein yields in Iranian Holstein dairy cattle. A total of 1,112,082 test-day milk protein yield records of 167,269 first lactation Holstein cows, calved from 1990 to 2010, were analyzed. Estimates of the variance components, heritability, and genetic correlations for milk protein yields were obtained using a random regression test-day model. Milking times, herd, age of recording, year, and month of recording were included as fixed effects in the model. Additive genetic and permanent environmental random effects for the lactation curve were taken into account by applying orthogonal Legendre polynomials of the fourth order in the model. The lowest and highest additive genetic variances were estimated at the beginning and end of lactation, respectively. Permanent environmental variance was higher at both extremes. Residual variance was lowest at the middle of the lactation and contrarily, heritability increased during this period. Maximum heritability was found during the 12th lactation stage ($0.213{\pm}0.007$). Genetic, permanent, and phenotypic correlations among test-days decreased as the interval between consecutive test-days increased. A relatively large data set was used in this study; therefore, the estimated (co)variance components for random regression coefficients could be used for national genetic evaluation of dairy cattle in Iran.

• 수산해양교육연구
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.785-798
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• 2017

This study was conducted to evaluated the surface(10 variables) and bottom(10 variables) water quality, and sediment(3 variables) in the cage fish farm off Baegyado in Gamak Bay using a multivariate analysis from January 2013 to November 2014. Generally, the environmental data did not show a certain tendency by months during two years investigated. The pairwise simple correlation matrices among variables were also shown. The first four principal components of the surface water in 2013 explain 93% of the total sample variance; the first principal component($z_1$) showed the freshwater inflow and/or precipitation, $z_2$, $z_3$ and $z_4$ related to freshwater inflow and/or precipitation, organic matters and eutrophy, respectively; the first four principal components of the bottom water in 2013 explain 93% of the total sample variance; the $z_1$, $z_2$ and $z_4$ related to freshwater inflow and/or precipitation, and $z_3$ water temperature. In 2014, at the surface water the first three principal components explain 87%; the $z_1$, $z_2$ and $z_3$ related to water temperature, eutrophy and freshwater inflow and/or precipitation, respectively; at the bottom water the first three principal components explain 93%; $z_1$, $z_2$ and $z_3$ related to water temperature, freshwater inflow and/or precipitation and eutrophy. Half of the principal components related to freshwater inflow and/or precipitation.

• 한국컴퓨터정보학회논문지
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• 제14권10호
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• pp.73-82
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• 2009

본 논문은 자연이미지에 포함된 텍스트 영역을 찾기 위한 방법으로서 기존에 제안한 색 분산 특징을 이용한 방법에서 분산이 제대로 추출되지 않는 문자 획들에 대한 복원 방법을 제안한다. 이전의 색 분산 특징을 이용한 추출방법에서는 고정된 크기의 수평 및 수직 분간 추출 윈도우를 사용함으로서 문자 획이 두껍거나 긴 경우에는 색 분산이 제대로 추출되지 않는 단점이 있었다. 따라서 본 논문에서는 미 추출된 색 분산을 연결요소 외곽사각형의 기하학적인 정보와 경험적인(Heuristic) 지식을 함께 이용하여 복원하는 방법을 제안한다. 제안한 방법은 다양한 종류의 디지털 카메라와 휴대폰 카메라를 이용해서 취득한 문서 유형의 이미지와 간판, 거리 표지판 등의 자연이미지를 사용하여 테스트 하였으며, 특히 큰 글자를 포함하는 자연이미지에 대해서도 텍스트 추출의 정확성이 향상된 것을 확인할 수 있었다.

• 한국경영과학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한산업공학회/한국경영과학회 2004년도 춘계공동학술대회 논문집
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• pp.294-297
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• 2004

Mean squared error (MSE) is an effective criterion to combine the mean and the standard deviation responses in dual response surface optimization. The bias and variance components of MSE need to be weighted properly in the given problem situation. This paper proposes a systematic method to determine the relative weights of bias and variance in accordance with a decision maker's prior and posterior preference structure.

• 대한전기학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전기학회 2005년도 학술대회 논문집 정보 및 제어부문
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• pp.457-459
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• 2005

In this paper the BER consideration of a quadrature receiver that has an autocalibration method is considered. The analysis is based on the derivation of the statistical characteristics of the imbalances in gain and phase between in-phase and quadrature components that may cause severe performance degradation of the receiver. The density. mean and variance functions of the estimates of gain and phase imbalances are discussed. Then it is shown that the estimates are asymptotically minimum variance unbiased with respect to the integration time in sampling. A brief consideration on the BER calculation follows.

• 대한전기학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전기학회 1996년도 하계학술대회 논문집 B
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• pp.887-889
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• 1996

This paper presents Variance Reduction Techniques of the Monte Carlo Simulation considering Non-Exponential Distribution for Power System Reliability Evaluation. Generally, the components consisting of power system are assumed to be exponentially distributed in their state residence time. Sometimes, however, this assumption may cause a lot of errors in the reliability index evaluation. Non-exponential distribution can be approximated by a sum of several Erlangian distributions, whose inverse transform is easily calculated by using composition method. This paper proposes a new approach to deal with the non-exponential distribution and to reduce the simulation time by virtue of Variance Reduction Techniques such as Control Variate and Antithetic Variate.

• 한국잠사곤충학회지
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• 제10권
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• pp.41-43
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• 1969

상수각형질의 유전력을 알고자 우리나라 상수주요품종인 개량서반, 일지뢰, 노상, 수원상호의 4개품종을 재료로 유전력을 추정한 바 그 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 상수형질중 절간수의 유전력은 96.95로 제일 높고 주당지수의 유전력은 49.48로서 제일 낮았다. 2. 지조장, 지조직경, 지총중, 고지조중, 신소엽중, 그리고 정엽중의 유전력은 66-69의 값으로 절간수와 주당지수의 값의 중간치를 보였다. 이상의 결과로 상수의 형질중 절간수는 환경에 의한 변동이 적고 주당지수는 변동이 심하며 기타형질은 이들의 중간정도임을 알 수 있었다.

• 한국산업정보학회논문지
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• 제8권4호
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• pp.94-100
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• 2003

본 논문에서는k개 성분들이 지수분포를 따르는 병렬시스템에서 하나의 성분이 고장났을 때 나머지성분들의 수명분포에 영향을 줄 때 주어진 시각 t 에서 시스템의 신뢰도, 위험함수, 평균잔여수명, 신뢰도에 대한 최우추정량과 최소분산불편추정량을 제시하고 그리고 모의실험을 통하여 추정량들의 효율성을 연구한다.

• 한국보건간호학회지
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.12-25
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• 1999

This study examines individual determinants of hospital days in community-dwelling elders by estimating a linear structural equation model based upon Andersen's behavioral model. Data were collected through a national survey of elders in Korea in 1994. The subjects for this secondary data analysis were 1687 non-institutionalized elders aged 60 years or older. Except for the effect of age and gender on family help. the predisposing components had direct effects on the enabling components. Of the effects of the enabling components. family help had a direct effect on self-evaluated health; economic status had a direct effect on chronic disease and self-evaluated health; and access had a direct effect on chronic disease. functional health status and self-evaluated health. Of the enabling components. residence and family help directly affected hospital days. Self-evaluated health revealed the greatest direct effect on hospital days followed by functional health. Overall. the effects of the predisposing components and the enabling components on hospital days were not prominent. Since the model explained only $4\%$ of the variance in hospital days. the magnitude of the effect of the need components cannot be judged in terms of equity of distribution of health services. In particular. the effect of family help in the model reveals the importance of family support in health management of elders. The implications of these analyses for improving the proposed model of hospital days were discussed.