• Title/Summary/Keyword: use of child care centers

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The Seosan County Family Planning/Maternal & Child Health Service Research Project, Korea -Project Design and Findings of the Baseline Survey- (가족계획(家族計劃) 및 모자보건사업(母子保健事業)의 효율적 통합방안(統合方案)에 관한 연구(硏究)(서산군(瑞山郡)) -기초조사보고(基礎調査報告)-)

  • Bang, S.;Cho, T.H.;Lee, S.J.;Han, S.H.;Lim, K.J.;Ahn, M.Y.
    • Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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    • v.16 no.1
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    • pp.163-192
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    • 1983
  • In order to facilitate the Korean government's efforts in integrating family planning and maternal & child health at the primary health care level (or township level), the Soon Chun Hyang College of Medicine, with the financial and technical assistance of WHO, has under-taken a service research project. The project has employed a quasi-experimental study design introducing interventions tat provide crucial factors lacking in the ongoing government programs such as midwives and qualified referral physicians. The study is being conducted in three locations, one control area and two study areas. Before introducing trained Nurse/Midewives into the study areas, a baseline prevalence survey was undertaken from 15 July 1981 to 10 August 1981 in selelcted townships of Seosan County. In this sample survey of bath the study and control areas, 2,484 eligible women (97% reponse rate) were interviewed to obtain benchmark data on basic evaluation indicators related to family planning and maternal and child health. The salients results were summarized as follows.: 1. CONTACT RATES WITH HEALTH WORKERS; During the year preceding the survey, 12% of women were visited by government health workers. The primary reason for such visits by health workers was family planning (45% of the visits). About 34% of the women visited the health centers during the year. The primary reason for visiting health centers was immunizations for their children (45% of the visits). 3. FAMILY PLANNING USE RATE; The baseline data showed little difference between women in the study area and the control area on contraceptive use. Approximately 59% were currently using some methods. However, among those current users, almost half were practicing less effective methods of birth control such as rhythm or withdrawal. Among other methods, the tubectomy was the most popular (16%), while use of the IUD, oral pill and condom together reached only 14%. 3. PRENATAL CARE RATE; About 75% of the women reported no prenatal care for their last births (the youngest child of each women), Additionally, among women received prenatal care, over half had only one visit. 4. ATTENDANCE AT DELIVERY; Most of the women surveyed (over 80%) were attended by a non-medical person during their last delivery. These figures are somewhat comparable to the national figure of 84% for remote areas. 5. POSTNATAL CARE; The proportion of women reporting postnatal care was only 4.5%, and postnatal care was not received by the majority of women surveyed. 6. CHILD HEALTH CARE: In contrast to the low rate of maternity care for women themselves, most women reported obtaining immunization care for their children. About 75% of the women obtained Polio and/or DPT, 58% BCG, and 44% Measles vaccine for their children. However, in terms of illness care, while 35% of the women stated that their youngest child had been sick during the month preceding the survey, only 28% of these women took their child to the clinic for treatment. 7. COMPLICATIONS OF PREGNANCY AND DELIVERY AND ABNORMALITIES IN THE NEWBORN; Among all last deliveries, 18% of the women had pregnancy complications and 9% of the women had complications during delivery About 5% of the women reported abnormality in their most recent newborn. 8. REPRODUCTION EFFICIENCY; PERINATAL MORTALITY AND INFANT MORTALITY Based on data from the pregnancy history in this survey, reproduction efficiency was estimated. Out of the 11,154 pregnancies reported by all women surveyed, foetal loss was 21% (almost 16% were induced abortions) and infant deaths before reaching one year old were 3.1%. The reproduction efficiency was, therefore, reduced to 76%. In terms of perinatal and infant mortality rates, the former was 40.2 per 1,000 total births and the latter was 39.3 per 1,000 live births. Both rates described J shaped relationships with age of mothers and parity, and they were also correlated with birth interval and mother's education. In summary, this baseline survey data indicated a need for (1) improving contraceptive practices with more effective methods to prevent unwanted pregnancies and (2) providing better services for maternal and child care to protect wanted pregancies. In the Korean rural setting. the author believes that the latter is more important as the value of each child has increased as a result of the family planning campaign for the past two decades. This calls for more effective integration of Family Planning and MCH programmes to meet the needs of the family in each stage of the child bearing and rearing period with deploying more qualified personnel than the current government program personnel.

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An analysis of daily lives of children in Korea, Japan and China (한국, 중국, 일본 유아들의 일상생활에 대한 비교연구)

  • Kisook Lee;Mira Chung;Hyunjung Kim
    • Korean Journal of Culture and Social Issue
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    • v.12 no.5_spc
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    • pp.81-98
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    • 2006
  • The objective of this research is to do a cultural comparison on the daily lives of the children of Korea, Japan and China. To achieve this objective, the questionnares were distributed to the 2940 mothers of children from the ages of 3 to 6 in the countries of Korea, Japan and China. The target audience consisted of 941 mothers living in Seoul and Kyunggi area for Korea, 1007 mothers living in Tokyo for Japan, and 992 mothers living in Beijing for China. As a result of the research, we found out that firstly, although children in general got up anytime between 7:00am to 9:00am and went to bed between 8:00pm and 11:00pm, 61.5% of the Korean children went to bed after 10pm and 16.8% after 11pm. Besides that, we found that compared to 3.51% of Korean children who got up before 6am, 13.41% of Japanese children and 17.24% of Chinese children got up before 6:00am. So we could see that the Korean children got up later and went to bed later than their Japanese and Chinese counterpart. This pattern could also be seen in the average rising time and bed time. Korean children went to bed at 10:00pm and woke up at 7:75am whereas the Japanese children went to bed at 9:28pm and woke up at 7:39am, and the Chinese children went to bed at 9:05pm and woke up at 7:05am. The average sleeping hours for Japanese children was 10.12 hours, 9.50 hours for the Chinese and 9.75 hours for the Korean. As a result, we could see that the Korean children went to bed later, got up later and slept fewer hours than their Japanese and Chinese counterparts. Also, since the rising time and bedtime of the Korean children was later than those of the Chinese and Japanese counterparts, the former s' breakfast and dinner time was also much later. Secondly, we looked at the time children went off to and came back from institutes such as kindergarten and child care centers. The Chinese were earliest at going with average attendance at 7:83am, the Japanese came next at 8:59am and the Korean children were last at 8:90am, whereas the Japanese came first in coming back home at 3:36pm, Korean next at 3:91pm and the Chinese last at 5:46pm. Next when we looked at the hours spent at the kindergartens and child care centers, Japan spent 6.76 hours, Korea 7.01 hours and China spent the longest hours with 9.63 hours. Excluding China where all preschool institutes are centralized into kindergartens, we nest looked at time children went to and came back from the institutes as well as the time spent there. In the case of kindergarten, there was not much difference but in the case of child care centers, the Japanese children went to the child care centers mach earlier and came home later than the Korean children. Also, the time spent at the child care center was much longer for the Japanese than the Korean children. This fact coincides with the Korean mothers' number one wish to the kindergartens and child care centers i.e. for the institutes to prolong their school hours. Thus, the time spent at child care centers for Korea was 7.75 hours, 9.39 hours for Japan and 9.63 hours for China. The time for Korea was comparatively much shorter than that of Japan and China but if we consider the fact that 50% of the target audience was working mothers, we could easily presume that the working parents who usually use the child care centers would want the child care centers to prolong the hours looked after their children. Besides this, the next most wanted wish mothers have towards the child care centers and kindergartens was for those institutes to "look after their children when sick". This item showed high marks in all three countries, and the marks in Korea was especially higher when compared to Japan and China. Thirdly, we looked at the private extracurricular activities of the children. We found that 72.6% of the Korean children, 61.7% of the Japanese children, and 64.6% of the Chinese children were doing private extracurricular activities after attending kindergarten or day care centers. Amongst the private extracurricular activities done by Korean children, the most popular one was worksheet with 51.9% of the children doing it. Drawing (15.20%) and English (11.6%) came next. Swimming (21.95%) was the most popular activity for Japan, with English (17.48%), music (15,79%) and sports (14.70%) coming next. For China, art (30.95%) was first with English (22.08%) and music (19.96%) following next. All three countries had English as the most popular activity related to art and physical activities after school hours, but the rate for worksheet studies was much higher for Korea compared to Japan China. The reason Koreans universally use worksheet in because the parents who buy the worksheet are mothers who have easy access to advertisement or salespeople selling those products. The price is also relatively cheap, the worksheet helps the children to grow the basic learning ability in preparation for elementary school, and it is thought to help the children to build the habit of studying everyday. Not only that but it is estimated that the worksheet education is being conducted because parents can share the responsibility of the children's learning with the worksheet-teacher who make home visits. Looking at the expenses spent on private extracurricular activities as compared to income, we found that China spent 5% of income for activities outside of regular education, Korea 3% and Japan 2%. Fourthly, we looked at the amount of time children spent on using multimedia. The majority of the children in Korea, Japan and China watch television almost every day. In terms of video games, the Japanese children played the games the most, with Korea and China following next. The Korean children used the computer the most, with Japan and China next. The Korean children used about 21.17% of their daily time on computers which is much more than the Japanese who used 20.62% of their time 3 or 4 times a week, or the Chinese. The Chinese children were found to use considerably less time on multimedia compared to the Korean of Japanese.

A study on the economic feasibility and the LCCO2 of Main floor covering materials in day care centers (어린이집 주요 바닥마감재의 경제성 및 LCCO2 분석에 관한 연구)

  • Kim, Dong-Pil;Cho, Kyu-Man
    • The Journal of Sustainable Design and Educational Environment Research
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    • v.12 no.1
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    • pp.25-34
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    • 2013
  • As the construction industry develops, environmental pollution gets increasingly serious, giving damage including the increase of incidence of respiratory diseases and skin diseases among children with weakened immune systems, rather than adults. In daycare centers, infants and children spending much of their time, have high frequency of contact with the interior floor finish material. However, the majority of the child care centers don not use eco-friendly flooring but ordinary monorium flooring, because the initial investment cost of the eco-friendly flooring is higher than ordinary monorium flooring. Therefore, in this study, life cycle costs including the initial investment cost of the eco-friendly flooring and ordinary monorium flooring were calculated, demonstrating that the eco-friendly flooring is more economical than ordinary monorium flooring in terms of life-cycle cost. In addition, the analysis of the environmental performance also showed the excellence of the eco-friendly floor finishes. It is expected that the use of the eco-friendly floor finishes will increase due to their excellence in the aspect of life cycle cost and eco-friendly performance, through this study.

Global Health Project for Maternal Child Health in a Developing Country: Case Study in Tigray, Ethiopia (저개발국 모자보건 수준 향상을 위한 국제보건사업 전략 : 에티오피아 티그라이주 사례를 중심으로)

  • Bang, Kyung-Sook;Lee, Insook;Park, Young-Sook;Chae, Sun-Mi;Kang, Hyunju;Yu, Juyoun;Park, Ji-Sun;Oh, Sang-Jun
    • Perspectives in Nursing Science
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    • v.11 no.1
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    • pp.1-9
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    • 2014
  • Purpose: The purpose of this study was to demonstrate a two-year global health project to improve maternal and child health (MCH) in Ethiopia. Methods: This is a descriptive case study. The target area is Kilte Awlaelo Woreda in Tigray Regional State, Ethiopia. A baseline survey was conducted to identify the needs of community residents and health care professionals. A MCH program was developed according to a project design matrix that included: infrastructure renovation of health centers; continuing education for midwives, nurses, and health extension workers (HEWs); and improvement of residents' MCH awareness. Project evaluation will examine the structure, process, and outcomes of the program. Results: The baseline survey showed low rates of family planning (31%) and antenatal and postnatal care use (36.1% and 69%, respectively). The institutional birth rate was 13.5%. Midwives and nurses received 2~4 educational programs about family planning and perinatal care. HEWs were also given practical education. Water and electrical infrastructure of all five health centers in the Kilte Awlaelo Woreda were renovated. Additionally, medical supplies and equipment were provided. Community health education on perinatal care, family planning, and personal hygiene was presented. Conclusion: This study highlights the role of nursing in global health and provides basic information on the development and outcomes of the global health project.

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Health Problems and Health Behaviors of Preschoolers in Day Care Centers and Living With Guardians (어린이집 아동과 요보호 아동의 건강문제와 건강행위 실태)

  • Kim, Hui-Sun;Lee, Jeong-Yeong;Lee, Tae-Hwa;Ham, Ok-Gyeong
    • Journal of Korea Association of Health Promotion
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    • v.2 no.1
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    • pp.93-104
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    • 2004
  • Purpose : This study was conducted to understand the health status and health behaviors of preschoolers to provide baseline data for developing health promotion programs. Method 'Parents of children attending day-care centers and guardians of preschoolers were recruited for the study. Data were collected from June to August2002 using a structured questionnaire. Result . Among 754 preschoolers, 17,3% were overweight, while 18.2% were underweight, while 15.9% and 23.2% were overweight and underweight respectively, among 85 children living with guardians. The most frequent infectious diseases that children have had previously were hand-foot-mouth disease, chicken pox, and measles. Current health conditions that children have frequently are respiratory disease and atopic dermatitis for bother groups. Only 54%-61% brush their teeth everyday at bedtime, 49%-54% wash their hands every time after returning home, 4.5%-8.8%wear bicycle helmets, 9,3%-11.1% use a child car seat, and 3.5%-8.1% eat fruits and vegetables five times a day, Children living with guardians were less likely toper form positive health behaviors compared with children in day-care centers. Conclusion 'Based on the study results, health professionals could plan and develop health promotion programs to change unhealthy behaviors of preschoolers targeting high-risk groups.

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A Study on Experience of Day Hospital and Day Care Service Use of The Mothers with Severely Disabled Children (중증장애아동 어머니의 낮병원 및 보육서비스 이용 경험에 관한 연구)

  • Jeon, Ji Hye;Won, Young Mi
    • Korean Journal of Child Education & Care
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    • v.19 no.1
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    • pp.159-174
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    • 2019
  • Objective: The study wanted to find out what changes the mother, who is the main parent of the severely disabled children, experienced in their lives through the use of day hospitals and child care services, and what difficulties they had, and discussed policy practical improvements that could satisfy both the medical and developmental needs of the severely disabled. Methods: The participants of the study were 9 mothers of a child with severe disabilities who had experience using hospitals and kindergarten. They were recruited by snowball sampling method. Focus group interview and individual interview were conducted. Results: As a result of the analysis, the mother of severely handicapped child gradually began to seek the balance of life as her child grew and became aware of the institution other than the day hospital. - (e.g) Although I was distracted and worried for the first time, I was gradually adjusting to the time away from my child thinking positively. Children with severe disabilities were also positively influenced by various experiences. They become to show som positive behavior or feeling such as brightening facial expressions or smile as they were using daycare centers or kindergartens in addition to daytime hospitals. Conclusion/Implications: Through the results of this study, comprehensive policy proposals on child care, welfare, and medical care were discussed.

Validation of the Motivational Self-Concept Rating Scale for Child Care Teachers (보육교사를 대상으로 한 동기부여적 자아개념척도 타당화 연구)

  • Heo, Lin-Kang;Lee, Wan-Jeong
    • Korean Journal of Childcare and Education
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    • v.7 no.3
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    • pp.239-257
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    • 2011
  • The purpose of this study was to redefine and validate the motivational self-concept for child-care teachers. Based on related researches, items were remodified to be good enough to use for studying child-care teachers' motivational self-concept. Redefined items were analysed by factor analysis and validated by use of child-care teachers' professional recognition and their ego-resiliency. Researchers have garnered data from 321 child care teachers as convenience samples who are engaged in child care centers in Seoul and Kyunggi province by using questionnaire research methods. We have eliminated questions that are .40 below communality, questions by conducting exploratory factor analysis. As a result, 6 factors and 23 items were selected; 6 factors have indicated that it explained 77.12% of total variate motivational self-concept rating scale and ${\alpha}$ of Cronbach that of total items indicated acceptable level. After examining relevancy of child-care teachers' professional recognition and ego-resiliency to verify compliant feasibility of the motivational self-concept rating scale, the relation between motivational self-concept and professional recognition was .604(p<0.001) indicating significant static correlation and the relation between motivational self-concept and ego-resiliency was 4.456(p<0.01) indicating significant static correlation. Through this result, it is verified that motivational self-concept rating scale has compliant feasibility in professional recognition and ego-resiliency.

The Effects of Web-based Learning Experiences, Learning style, and Internet Self-efficacy on the Beliefs of Beginning Child Care Teachers about Web-based Learning (초임보육교사의 웹기반 학습경험, 학습유형, 인터넷 자기효능감이 웹기반 학습신념에 미치는 영향)

  • Yoon, Gab Jung;Kim, Mi Jung
    • Korean Journal of Childcare and Education
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    • v.10 no.1
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    • pp.5-26
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    • 2014
  • This study examined the effects of web-based learning experiences, learning style, and Internet self-efficacy that influence beginning child care teachers belief about web-based learning. The participants were 215 beginning child care teachers who work in child care centers. Data were analyzed by means of frequency analysis, correlation, and multiple regression for SPSS windows. The results were as follows: First, significant statistical differences were detected in web-based learning experiences and beliefs about web-based learning. Online teacher learning community use and frequency were significant gaps in beliefs about web-based learning. Second, there were statistical differences in learning styles and beliefs about web-based learning. And teachers with assimilator learning style showed high difficulty beliefs about web-based learning. Third, teachers' belief about web-based learning was significantly related to Internet self-efficacy. It means that teachers that have high Internet self-efficacy show high belief about web-based learning. Forth, among the teachers' personal variables, a higher level of online teacher learning community use and Internet self-efficacy predicted higher beliefs about web-based learning. Thus, this study suggested the importance of web-based learning experiences and Internet self-efficacy to beliefs about web-based learning. And it implicated ways to improve positive beliefs about web-based learning of beginning child care teachers.

Implementation and Effectiveness of Parent Education Program Emphasizing Direct Interaction with Young Children in a Digital Environment (디지털 환경에서 영유아와의 직접적인 상호작용을 강조하는 부모교육 프로그램의 실행과 효과)

  • Kwen, Hea Lim;Lee, Wan Jeong
    • Korean Journal of Childcare and Education
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    • v.18 no.1
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    • pp.1-22
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    • 2022
  • Objective: This study attempted to verify the effectiveness of parent education programs which emphasize parents' direct interaction with young children even when using digital devices. For this purpose, parents' play beliefs and their interaction with their children were evaluated by taking a pre-test and post-test. Methods: The subjects of this study were parents of young children attending child care centers. The collected data were analyzed by one-way covariate analysis (ANCOVA) to find out if there was a significant difference in post-test scores after controlling the pre-test as a covariate to minimize possible errors between groups before the experiment. Results: Parents, who had participated in the parent education program which emphasized parents' direct interaction with young children when using digital devices, showed higher increases of play support beliefs and parent-child interaction than the comparative group. Conclusion/Implications: This study confirmed that in order to develop digital fluency from early childhood, parents should avoid indiscriminate use of digital devices at home, maintain direct interaction with their children even when giving them digital devices to play with, and support healthy growth by way of continuing sensitive interaction with their children.

Effect of Intention Attribution, Emotional Attribution and Language Ability on Proactive Aggression by Preschoolers According to Age and Emotional Condition of Counterpart Child (유아의 의도귀인과 정서귀인 및 언어능력이 주도적 공격성에 미치는 영향: 유아의 연령과 상대 유아의 정서조건에 따른 차이)

  • Jung, Hyun-Sim;Yi, Soon-Hyung
    • Human Ecology Research
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    • v.54 no.1
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    • pp.45-56
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    • 2016
  • This study investigates: (1) children's proactive aggression according to age and the emotional condition of the counterpart child, (2) if children's intention attribution, emotional attribution (victim and perpetrator) and language ability influences proactive aggression according to age and the emotional condition of the counterpart child. The subjects were 68 3-year-old and 70 5-year-old children. Each child was individually interviewed with picture cards. Collected data were coded and analyzed in SPSS with frequencies, percentiles, means, standard deviations, repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA), t -tests, Pearson correlations and multiple linear regression. The results showed that 3-year-old children showed more proactive aggression and physical aggression than 5-year-old children. They showed more proactive aggression when counterpart child was in a happy condition than in a fear condition. Intention attribution, emotional attribution, and language ability partially affected a children's proactive aggression according to age and the emotional condition of the counterpart child. This study has practical implications for teachers in regards to children's proactive aggressive behavior at child care centers. Teachers use specific to develop advantages as the basis for developing aggression prevention programs that consider emotional and cognitive factors.