• 지능정보연구
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.23-34
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• 1998

Travel time forecasting, especially public bus travel time forecasting in urban areas, is a difficult and complex problem which requires a prohibitively large computation time and years of experience. As the network of target area grows with addition of streets and lanes, computational burden of the forecasting systems exponentially increases. Even though the travel time between two neighboring intersections is known a priori, it is still difficult, if not impossible, to compute the travel time between every two intersections. For the reason, previous approaches frequently have oversimplified the transportation network to show feasibilities of the problem solving algorithms. In this paper, forecasting of the travel time between every two intersections is attempted based on travel time data between two neighboring intersections. The time stamps data of public buses which recorded arrival time at predetermined bus stops was extensively collected and forecast. At first, the time stamp data was categorized to eliminate white noise, uncontrollable in forecasting, based on wavelet conversion. Then, the radial basis neural networks was applied to remaining data, which showed relatively accurate results. The success of the attempt was confirmed by the drastically reduced relative error when the nodes between the target intersections increases. In general, as the number of the nodes between target intersections increases, the relative error shows the tendency of sharp increase. The experimental results of the novel approaches, based on wavelet conversion and neural network teaming mechanism, showed the forecasting methodology is very promising.

• 대한원격탐사학회지
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.271-285
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• 2009

Multi-temporal satellite imagery can be changed into a transform image that emphasizes the changed area only through the application of various change detection techniques. From the transform image, an automated change detection model calculates the optimal threshold value for classifying the changed and unchanged areas. However, the model can cause undesirable results when the histogram of the transform image is unbalanced. This is because the model uses a single threshold value in which the sign is either positive or negative and its value is constant (e.g. -1, 1), regardless of the imbalance between changed pixels. This paper proposes an advanced method that can improve accuracy by applying separate threshold values according to the increased or decreased range of the changed pixels. It applies multiple threshold values based on the cumulative producer's and user's accuracies in the automated binary change detection model, and the analyst can automatically extract more accurate optimal threshold values. Multi-temporal IKONOS satellite imagery for the Daejeon area was used to test the proposed method. A total of 16 transformation results were applied to the two study sites, and optimal threshold values were determined using accuracy assessment curves. The experiment showed that the accuracy of most transform images is improved by applying multiple threshold values. The proposed method is expected to be used in various study fields, such as detection of illegal urban building, detection of the damaged area in a disaster, etc.

• 산업경영시스템학회지
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• 제44권4호
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• pp.186-192
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• 2021

Recently, the demand for more precise and demand-oriented customized spatial information is increasing due to the 4th industrial revolution. In particular, the use of 3D spatial information and digital twins which based on spatial information, and research for solving social problems in cities by using such information are continuously conducted. Globally, non-face-to-face services are increasing due to COVID-19, and the national policy direction is also rapidly progressing digital transformation, digitization and virtualization of the Korean version of the New Deal, which means that 3D spatial information has become an important factor to support it. In this study, physical objects for cities defined by world organizations such as ISO, OGC, and ITU were selected and the target of the 3D object model was limited to buildings. Based on CityGML2.0, the data collected using a drone suitable for building a 3D model of a small area is selected to be updated through road name address and building ledger, which are administrative information related to this, and LoD2.5 data is constructed and urban space. It was intended to suggest an object update method for a 3D building among data.

• 산경연구논집
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• 제13권10호
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• pp.31-39
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• 2022

Purpose: Smart city has been observed to benefit most urban areas in different nations. Despite its advantages in the promotion of environmental sustainability and improving business competency in the current context, various literature review papers should be introduced to analyze its drawbacks. The present research aims to provide valuable suggestions for sustainable smart cities development. Research design, data and methodology: Using the qualitative content analysis (QCA), the current author could understand the target audience's motivations and habits by gathering data. This implies that the author may predict the kinds of future initiatives. As a result, the current researcher could ensure developed pertinent research questions and a well-planned method for analyzing the replies. Results: The implementation of green city development suggests encouraging the greening of public spaces and reducing heat from the atmosphere caused by the emission of gases from vehicles and companies. Smart cities are offering a new industrial paradigm that is based on the convergence of information technology. Conclusions: The projection illustrates that most people are migrating to the cities, which calls for an immediate transformation to overcome the immense pressure of making the city accessible, sustainable, prosperous, and safer. Therefore, implementing smart cities within the current world promotes efficiency and increases business sustainability.

• 국제초고층학회논문집
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.87-102
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• 2022

In Japan, the population progresses to the extreme aging society and it is entering the phase of the population decrease while the population increase is continuing in the world. The construction market is expected to shrink accordingly, however the situation of labor shortage is expected to continue at a faster rate, because the aging of construction workers is progressing and new younger labor force cannot be secured. In order to supplement the labor shortage, it is required to progress mechanization, automation, labor saving, and efficiency improvement by utilizing the information well in each stage in a series of flow of planning, design, construction, operation, and disassembly in one building. The measures to maintain and expand the construction market by the new efficiency improvement techniques which enhance the utilization degree of building information are required. Currently, the elemental technologies which utilized BIM (Building Information Modeling) are accumulated by advancing digitization in each phase. DX (Digital transformation) in the construction industry can be achieved by the technology maturing and having a series of continuities. It is anticipated that this will evolve to a new method which is unprecedented. Present status of BIM and mechanized constructions in Taisei Construction are introduced, and future prospect is described.

• Advances in materials Research
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• 제12권4호
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• pp.287-308
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• 2023

The main objective of this article is to highlight the progress made in the development of new materials that have been gradually used by humans until today. Of course, this progress must be associated with other parameters in order to guarantee sustainable development. For this, today, it has become urgent to reduce the consumption of cement by resorting to its partial or total replacement by other similar materials in order to reduce CO₂ emissions in our environment. This should certainly help to develop greener building materials. In this study, it was decided to proceed with the partial or total replacement of Portland cement type CEM II/B-L-42.5N by slate and lime that had not undergone any previous transformation. The results obtained revealed that the mortar whose substitution compared to the replacement of cement (100%) cement and sand (0/4) confers better kinetics than those of the series composed of(100%) cement and fraction rubble (0/1).

• 환경정책연구
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.3-25
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• 2015

도심재생하천 내부의 수리적 특성이 열환경 변화에 미치는 영향을 알아보고자 하천의 물리적 구조와 수리적 특성, 기상요소, 온열환경을 분석하였다. 연구 대상지는 복원된 도시하천으로서 큰 의의를 가지는 청계천을 선정하였다. 유형은 물리적 구조별 녹피율의 차이에 따라 유형 I(0.0%)과 유형 II(20.2%)로 구분하였다. 여울이 끝나는 Ba지점에서 수온은 $0.2^{\circ}C$ 감소, 유속은 0.7~0.9m/s 증가, 용존산소량은 0.5~0.6mg/L 증가하였으며, 기온은 평균 $1.1{\sim}1.4^{\circ}C$ 감소, 상대습도는 평균 6.6~8.7% 증가, 풍속은 불규칙한 변화를 보였다. 습구흑구온도지수 분석결과, 유형에 따른 상류부의 하천 내부와 수면 외부의 값의 차이는 미비하였으나, 유형 I의 하류부에서 감소폭은 $0.3{\sim}0.6^{\circ}C$, 유형 II는 $0.8^{\circ}C$ 등이었다. 기온저감의 효과는 수직높이로 유형 I의 경우 120cm, 유형 II는 140cm까지 영향이 있었으며, 거리별 기온저감의 효과는 유형 I의 경우 여울이 끝나는 Ba지점 이후로 증가하였고, 유형 II의 경우 지속해서 감소하였다.

• 한국멀티미디어학회논문지
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• 제12권7호
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• pp.989-996
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• 2009

최근 도시 침수 방재를 위한 전자재해지도 시스템 구축을 위해 GIS(Geographic Information System)의 활용이 증가하고 있다. 전자재해지도 시스템은 과거 침수지역 및 침수예상지역을 수문학적 모델을 이용하여 분석하고, 침수 위험지역에 대한 정보를 지도를 통해 사용자에게 보석주기 위한 시스템으로 자연재해대책을 통해 작성 지침을 공시하고, 법제화를 추진하고 있다. 전자재해지도의 침수 예측시스템을 구축하기 위해서는 SWMM(Storm Water Management System)등의 유출모형과 침수예측모델을 통한 침수위험지역을 분석하고, 이를 가시화하는 모듈이 개발되어야 하며, 이를 위해서 도로, 건물 등의 도시시설물과 맨홀, 하수관 등의 도시 관거시스템에 대한 공간 데이터와 유출모형을 통한 수문분석 결과 데이터가 공간 데이터베이스에 구축되어야 한다. 따라서 본 논문에서는 하수관거 및 도시시설물에 대한 공간 데이터를 구축하기 위해 수치지도 데이터로 가장 널리 사용되는 데이터 형식인 ESRI사의 Shape File을 이용하여 공간 데이터를 자동으로 생성하는 기법에 대한 연구를 수행한다. 이를 위해 ESRI Shape File을 오라클 공간 데이터베이스로 자동 변환하기 위한 알고리즘을 제시하고, 생성된 하수관거 공간 데이터베이스와 연계하여 침수위험지역정보를 가시화하는 프로토타입 시스템을 개발한다.

• 한국실내디자인학회논문집
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.215-224
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• 2011

Throughout the world, interest in issues relevant to energy, resources, environment, etc, is ever soaring. Therefore, the restoration of modern architecture that fulfilled its epochal function is working as a cultural, historic medium. In addition, it also plays its role in the side of environmental approach and so on. Moreover, the museum, which was only used for the possession of art collections and exhibition purposes, is currently expanding its scale and range as the center of culture and education. Also in reality, with the use of various programs, it is globally pursuing urban vitalizations. This study looks at the meaning of modem architecture restoration as well as its relationship with urban area. Furthermore, the purpose of this study is to look for design method's direction by finding the relevance between modem architecture restoration and museum during the restoration. This study is based on transformation and preservation scale during the restoration of modern architecture. It analyzed plane and design direction. Additionally, this study analyzed the architectural and regional effect caused by restoration. As a result, in accordance with the direction of museum and the usage, scale, structure as well as superficial aging condition of previous architecture, it shows difference in design methods in the process of restoration. The exterior of architecture was restored and preserved to its original form in order to show the symbolical form through historical value. This is essential to the modern museum. On the other hand, the interior of architecture put more value on utilization concept that its preservation and thus was restored accordingly. However, in all the cases, previous architecture were commonly used and even when alterations and additions were made due to aging and their change in usage, they were restored in a way that preserved and harmonized previous architecture. If the design method for restoration of modern architecture selects the restoration method by considering problems related to location, building value, structure, if it is studied from various angles and is restored after considering its usage as a museum, then we will be able to generate cultural and historical synergy effect. Furthermore, apart from architecture, it will have great impact on urban vitalizations.

• 한국조경학회지
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• 제33권1호
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• pp.93-108
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• 2005

Fresh Kills is the largest landfill in the world located in the west side of Staten Island, New York. The landfill served as a storage area for New York City's trash for more than 50 years. After years of civilian and political pressure, state and local legislation decided its closure of landfill operation in Fresh Kills in March 2001. Soon after, Department of City Planning announced a Fresh Kills international design com-petition: 'Landfill to Landscape'. The winning entry was promised to be outline for the redevelopment of the 2,200 acre site which the size of three times Central Park. Forty-eight teams representing more than 200 offices from around world submitted proposals, from which six finalists that mostly led by landscape architects were selected. In December 2001, a jury of architects, landscape architects and city officials unanimously selected Field Operations as the winner. The plan, named Lifescape, visualizes the gradual 20-year transformation of the whole Staten Island into a 'natural lifestyle island' recognizing that Staten Island is home to coastal wetlands that shelter one of the most diverse ecosystems in the New York metropolitan area. It suggested that an ecologically reconstituted Fresh Kills could become the center of integrated parks and greenways system on the island otherwise fragmented. The project will be one of the largest and most ambitious undertakings in the metropolis in years developing a complex web of habitats and parklands on top of mountain of trash. This study tries to achieve two goals: One is to provide general explanations on the project, Lifescape, breaking down to its background, geographical context, design concepts and phased development plan. Another is to introduce the unique and innovative design approaches by Field Operations that are different from a conventional landscape architectural attitude. Since this project was well published through many magazines and newspapers, main focus will be upon aspects that differentiate this project from usual landscape projects. Conceptually Lifescape brought provocative notions on nature/culture relationship and the role of urban park as an active agency rather than just a green rest area. Also this project introduced pioneering graphics like plan collage, diagrammatic plan, phasing diagram and photo montage as vehicles conveying information, imagination and provocation. Witnessing the influence of the project gradually in the field of academic and practice in the States, this study is intended to become a constructive reference to similar landscape projects dealing with large and complex urban context in conjunction with restructure of contemporary city.