• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.55-62
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• 1999

Changes in the alliinase activity during the aging of pickled garlic samples prepared by the several methods were investigated. The activity of alliinase in raw garlic was 8,37 units/mg protein. The ac-tivity in the garlic pickled with swoy sauce was reduced to 4.57 units/mg with 52% remaining by 1st week of pickling and to 1.05 units/mg protein with 12% remaining by 2nd week of pickling. The ac-tivity of alliinase in the garlic pickled with vinegar was 2.79 units/mg protein with 32% remaining by 1st week of pickling and was 0.26 units/mg protein only with 3% remaining by 2nd week of pickling. The activity of alliinase in the garlic pickled with 10% salt solution was 5.06 units/mg protein with 58% remaining by 1st week of pickling. After one week pickling the juice of pickled garlic was removed. Then garlics were pickled again with vinegar. The allinase acting in was reduced to 0.85 units/mg pro-tein with 10% remaining by 2nd week of pickling. The activity of alliinase in the garlic pickled with vin-egar was 2.79 units/mg protein with 32% remaining by 1st week of pickling. The juice of pickled garlic was removed after one week. Then the galics were again pickled with saysauce. The allinase activity in the garlic the garlic pickled again with soy sauce was reduced to 0.43 units/mg protein with 5% remain-ing by 2 week of pickling.

• The Mathematical Education
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• v.62 no.1
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• pp.1-21
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• 2023

The purpose of this study is to explore how the student, who interiorized three levels of units, constructed fractions as multipliers by analyzing her ways of conceiving improper fractions with three levels of units and coordinating two three-levels-of-units structures. Among the data collected from our teaching experiment with two 4th grade students meeting 13 times for three months, we focus on how Seyeon, one of the participating students, wrote numerical expressions in the form of "× fraction" for the given situations using her splitting operation for composite units. Given the importance of splitting operation for composite units for the construction of fractions as multipliers, implications for further research are discussed.

• Journal of Science Education
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.235-250
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• 2012

This paper aims to find out whether or not elementary school students recognize and understand scientific units that they encounter in their everyday life. To select appropriate units for the survey, first, scientific units in elementary textbooks of science and other science related subjects were analyzed. Then it was examined how these units were related to the learners' daily life. The participants in the current survey were 320 elementary school 6th graders. A questionnaire consisted of 11 units of science, such as kg for mass, km for distance, L for volume, V for voltage, s for time, $^{\circ}C$ for temperature, km/h for speed, kcal for heat, % for percentage, W for electric power, pH for acidity, which can often be seen and used in daily life. The students were asked to do the following four tasks, (1) to see presented pictures and select appropriate scientific units, (2) to write reasons for choosing the units, (3) to answer what the units are used for, and (4) to check where to find the units. The data were analyzed in terms of the percentage of the students who seemed to well recognize and understand the units, using SPSS 17.0 statistical program. The results are as follows: Regarding the general use of the units, it was revealed that almost the same units were repeated in science and other subject textbooks from the same grade. With an increase of the students' grade more difficult units were used. As for the use of each unit, it was found that they seemed to relatively well understand what these units kg, km, L, $^{\circ}C$, kcal, km/h, and W stand for, showing more than 91% right. However, the units of V, s, in particular, %, and pH did not seem to be understood. With respect to the recognition of the units, most students did not recognize such units as L for volume and pH for acidity, probably because the units are difficult at the elementary level in comparison to other scientific units. The students indicated that schools were the best place where they could learn and find scientific units related to life, followed by shops/marts, newspapers/broadcasting, streets/roads, homes, and others in that order. The results show that scientific unit learning should be conducted in a systematic way at school and that teachers can play a major role in improving students' understanding and use of the units.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.49 no.4
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• pp.230-239
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• 2016

Objectives: We aimed to evaluate the effect of geographic units of analysis on measuring geographic variation in medical services utilization. For this purpose, we compared geographic variations in the rates of eight major procedures in administrative units (districts) and new areal units organized based on the actual health care use of the population in Korea. Methods: To compare geographic variation in geographic units of analysis, we calculated the age-sex standardized rates of eight major procedures (coronary artery bypass graft surgery, percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty, surgery after hip fracture, knee-replacement surgery, caesarean section, hysterectomy, computed tomography scan, and magnetic resonance imaging scan) from the National Health Insurance database in Korea for the 2013 period. Using the coefficient of variation, the extremal quotient, and the systematic component of variation, we measured geographic variation for these eight procedures in districts and new areal units. Results: Compared with districts, new areal units showed a reduction in geographic variation. Extremal quotients and inter-decile ratios for the eight procedures were lower in new areal units. While the coefficient of variation was lower for most procedures in new areal units, the pattern of change of the systematic component of variation between districts and new areal units differed among procedures. Conclusions: Geographic variation in medical service utilization could vary according to the geographic unit of analysis. To determine how geographic characteristics such as population size and number of geographic units affect geographic variation, further studies are needed.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.121-127
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• 2012

Of this study, it was found that there were 250 mammographic units in total installed and used in the areas for this study, and 36 units were used in general hospitals, 53 units in hospitals and 116 units in clinics. That is, the units in clinics accounted for 50% out of the whole units. As for the image acquisition method, it was found there were 131 units using F/S, 67 units using CR and 7 units using DR respectively. At present, F/S system was mainly used in the areas. As for the materials of target/filter, it was found that Mo/Mo was mostly used (66%), followed by Mo/Rh (25%). As for the size of focus, both 0.1 mm for small focus and 0.3 mm for large focus were mainly used for the units.

• Journal of Korean Library and Information Science Society
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.129-150
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• 1999

The present study is a review to determine by what bodies and through what mechanisms the information resources management is implemented and administered, that is its content and how it is linked to industrial information units in the field of industrial firms. Industrial information units are lacking essential capabilities required to acquire internal information and to organize sharing information which is intergrated to internal and external information. Various units within firms work to implement the information resources management. These units include management information systems, information center, and newly developed mission oriented units. They have, however, developed without liasison industrial information units. They may be some unnecessary duplication in some spheres and inadequate facilities in others.

• Proceedings of the KSR Conference
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• 2007.05a
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• pp.1023-1026
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• 2007

CBTC (Communication Based Train Control) is a railroad system, using wireless communication for data transmission between on-board units and ground units, that makes ground computer periodically collect position and speed data from each train and transmits the preceding train's distance data up to speed limit point so as to make on-board control unit control the optimum train speed. Due to the fact that wireless communication system for train control employs only limited frequency band and output frequency, a number of ground communication units should be installed at track-side; also a running train should carry out Handover function which maintains the communication by accessing a new communication channel of the adjacent on-board communication units in accordance with the output of received radio wave. Especially CBTC is largely dependent on Handoff function between ground communication units. Therefore, this paper provides the method of identification of hazard between ground communication units and on board units.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 2003.11c
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• pp.836-839
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• 2003

In this paper, we implement a language model by a bigram and evaluate proper smoothing technique for unit of low perplexity. Word, morpheme, clause units are widely used as a language processing unit of the language model. We propose VCCV units which have more small vocabulary than morpheme and clauses units. We compare the VCCV units with the clause and the morpheme units using the perplexity. The most common metric for evaluating a language model is the probability that the model assigns the derivative measures of perplexity. Smoothing used to estimate probabilities when there are insufficient data to estimate probabilities accurately. In this paper, we constructed the N-grams of the VCCV units with low perplexity and tested the language model using Katz, Witten-Bell, absolute, modified Kneser-Ney smoothing and so on. In the experiment results, the modified Kneser-Ney smoothing is tested proper smoothing technique for VCCV units.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.379-389
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• 2003

Purpose: The objective of our study was to figure out costs of nursing services in general nursing units based on the PCS in order to determine an appropriate nursing fee schedule. Method: The data were collected from 8 hospitals from September 9 to October 8, 2002. The costs of nursing services in general nursing units was analyzed by nursing hours based on the nursing intensity. The inpatient in the general nursing units were classified by Park's PCS tool(2000). Results: The distribution of patients by PCS ranged from class I to Class III in general nursing units. The higher PCS in general nursing units consumed more nursing hours. As a result, the higher nursing intensity, the more the daily average nursing costs in general nursing units. Conclusion: We found that the higher PCS, the more the daily average nursing costs in general nursing units. In conclusion, our study provides the evidence to refine the current nursing fee schedule that it does not differentiated from the volume of nursing services based on the nursing hours.

• Journal of Korean Critical Care Nursing
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.1-11
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• 2018

Purpose : This study compares experiences of ethical dilemma between nurses working in intensive care units and those in general units under specific situations of treatment decisions and confidentiality. Method : This cross-sectional descriptive study utilizes the self-report survey method. The survey questionnaires were completed by 50 and 52 nurses working in intensive care units and general units, respectively. The instrument, which consisted of 16 items of ethical dilemma situations about treatment decision and confidentiality, was used. The mean scores for each item were compared between the two groups. Results : The study found no differences in terms of age, gender, education level, clinical experience in years, and being educated on healthcare ethics. For 9 out of 16 items, the mean scores of nurses in intensive care units were significantly higher than those of nurses in general units. Conclusions : Nurses in intensive care units experienced ethical dilemmas regarding treatment decisions and confidentiality more often than those in general units. This study emphasizes the need to establish strategies for improving the ethical competence of critical care nurses.