• KIEAE Journal
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.39-44
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• 2002

Recently, underground spaces can be usually applied to the alternative of land use for parking. However, lack of window and natural light are among the most cited drawbacks associated with dark image of underground. If underground parking lots are designed to be positive and safe environment for people, openings for daylighting will play a significant role. The natural light and unobstructed view to outdoor are main elements to create optimal underground parking lots. This paper focuses on investigating the actual day lighting conditions and evaluating the day lighting performance of openings as potential lighting resources. For the study, the field measurements and Questionnaire surveys are conducted. And then, the day lighting performance of underground parking lots based on opening geometry and orientation are evaluated by scaled model experiments. As results, the feelings of safety and orientation of underground parking lots are improved by openings for day lighting regardless of the sizes. The required illuminances (daylight factor 0.5%) for underground parking lots can be satisfied in the skylight opening ratio of 4% or more.

• Proceeding of Spring/Autumn Annual Conference of KHA
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• 2009.04a
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• pp.113-117
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• 2009

By statistics in August, 2007, currently Korean motors registration number broke through 16 million units. The demand of motors is being increased as time goes on and the demand of parking lot within apartment complex is increased together. Therefore, it is inevitable to expand underground parking lots. Underground parking lots have relatively weaker environment than the ground and physical/psychological problems as distance far away from the main building, fear for vehicle damage and crimes, impure air, darkness and closed feeling take place. Underground parking lots also occupy a lot of area ratio within apartment complex and have a lot of effects on other facilities. Therefore, underground parking lots are neglected for all that underground parking lots have deep relations with satisfaction for public space within apartment complex. Accordingly, the purpose of the study is to make reference materials when underground parking lots are planned by grasping satisfaction of underground parking lots through inhabitants'mental survey and surveying preferential location and requirements of parking lots.

• Journal of the Korean Solar Energy Society
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.71-77
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• 2007

In past, parking lot was placed on the ground and for the reason air quality was not in problem. But recently parking lot has been placed under the ground and the air quality becomes problem. So in this study, the ventilation performance on the underground parking lot was estimated by using CFD software and alternative system was suggested. Three case studies are handled in this study. 1st case is just an underground parking lot. 2nd case is about an underground parking lot where has 4 fan rooms on each floor and 3rd case is about an underground parking lot where has 4 fan rooms and 30 guidance fans on each floor.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Industry Convergence
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.57-64
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• 2003

Nowadays, there are many problems of traffic and parking in residential areas. This study begins analysis the parking situations in apartment complex. It originated from understanding of the parking preference of users about underground and ground parking lots. The method of this study is based on field survey of parking demand and thoughts of users of underground parking lot. There are so many parking problems in apartment complex that is due to the absence of parking demand data. So the goal of this study is to provide a solution of parking problems in apartment complex through understanding of the actual condition of parking problems, the preference and the reason of users about underground parking lot in apartment complex.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Building Construction Conference
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• 2022.11a
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• pp.235-236
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• 2022

Electric vehicle fires in underground parking lots are very dangerous, but it is judged that the current related laws and regulations do not change, which will cause problems. As a result of the analysis for the purpose of providing an electric vehicle in an underground parking lot, fire-resistance coating is essential as it can cause an explosion in the building members made of high-strength concrete when an electric vehicle fire occurs in an underground parking lot. Since a fire occurs, it is necessary to prevent electric vehicles from parking adjacent to each other.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Building Construction Conference
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• 2007.11a
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• pp.101-104
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• 2007

Currently most of underground structures in domestic apartment projects are being designed for parking lot and essential parking area is growing due to the increase in car-holding number per household. Moreover, most underground parking lots of today are combined with basement, therefore a pleasant environment in underground space is strongly needed for the dwellers' use. However, there always occur high percentage of humidity and surface condensation in underground parking lot because of the nature of underground structure and they are having a bad influence on the comfort and health of dwellers. Therfore, this study is planned to compare and examine the porformance and properties of currently used construction methods to prevent condensation and finally present the most suitable method.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.18 no.6
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• pp.104-114
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• 2009

The purpose of study was understanding necessity of environment design for underground parking lot in residential design plan and grasping design plans of 'Activity Support' that considerate women, exclude women's unsecured feeling at underground parking lot. The inquiry analyzed 6 design plan in design competition that considerate women according to precede studies, a theory of CPTED, a design guide for wayfinding, and survey. A ramp, circulation, entrance, lighting, ventilation, and space design plan are proceed on this study The result are as below. First, a rectilinear figure ramp suits entrance plan on the circulation, but if it is not possible, cross-using of rectilinear and curvilinear figure ramp plan is desirable. Second, on the circulation plan, vehicles circulation plan and equality parking distribution plan got accomplished generally, and help senses of direction because it is planed network systemize. On a large scale underground parking lot, simplify parking circulation to convenience entrance and exit for weak in sense of direction. Third, the shape and material that‘s environmentally conscious will be in use to the entrance plan. As the first stage to the underground, artwork that women prefer can modulate the rejection of underground space. Forth, natural lighting system and ventilation can make the environment-friendly space, decrease the women’s rejection to the underground, it can also keep a natural watch on the space. Fifth, on the space design plan, it can use bright and comfortable design of wall and ground to decrease the women‘s rejection, also it is useful to the sense of direction. LED indirect lighting plan that 58.7% of women prefers on survey reflects women’s state of desire that bright and atmosphere. In addition, proper use of plans that subsidiary facilities, rest area with Sunken, and nature-friendly material can minimize differences of underground and ground parking lot.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Building Construction Conference
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• 2011.11a
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• pp.181-183
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• 2011

This study was carried out about construction management plan to reduce water leakage of underground parking lot in the apartment housing. To minimize effect of upper working load, installation position of jack support and paving with rubble on the top of underground parking lot were studied. By calculation shrinkage strain of underground parking lot scale, water leakage risk in design of level difference was studied. In this study, the basic data about construction management was provided to reduce water leakage of underground parking lot in the apartment housing.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.129-137
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• 2016

Dark and desolate underground parking spaces in commercial facilities are optimal spaces for crime. First, this study reviewed 15 precedent CPTED guidelines and related literatures, and as a result extracted 45 CPTED planning criteria for underground parking facilities. Secondly by field survey, we investigated six parking spaces in commercial facilities whether they were planned properly based on 45 checklist items, in six categories of CPTED principles. In result, target facilities showed average 46.8% relevance ratio, which means less than a half of 45 items of CPTED planning factors were not applied. Guidelines suggest desirable illuminance level of more than 100 lux, however the measurement of illuminance levels in some parking spaces showed below 50 lux. Relatively department stores were keeping CPTED guidelines better than large discount mart and mixed used facilities. Definition of territory of loading dock and customer area should be clarified, clear signage and color scheme in different zones should be represented with higher level of territorial responsibilities and surveillance in mixed used facilities for further improvement.

• Journal of the Korean housing association
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• v.14 no.6
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• pp.165-172
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• 2003

With the rate of spread of motors rapidly increased, but parking difficulties in an apartment complex was aggravated due to an insufficient parking lot. Visual interference on residential environment, various kinds of pollution and noise, decrease of open space in an apartment complex are also causes of parking difficulties. Therefore, this study is to suggest a theory of desirable direction for planning of the parking space by studying psychological characteristics of users' behaviors by the type of the circulation of motors and pedestrians. Consideration on the present situation, real conditions of underground parking space and the consciousness and parking habit of residents, the most important problem is required in this study.