• Korean Journal of Social Welfare
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• v.66 no.3
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• pp.55-73
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• 2014

The purpose of this study was to develop and validate Korean version of Deaf Acculturation Scales(DAS). Pilot items were made a faithful translation of the Acculturation Scales of Maxwell-McCaw and Zea (2011) and were modified for Korean Deaf people. The Scale involves two dimensions, in order to measure the acculturation of Deaf people; Deaf acculturation and hearing acculturation. Using factor analysis, we developed a Korean version of DAS consisted of twenty-five items for Deaf acculturation dimension and twenty-five items for hearing acculturation dimension. These analysis supported the four factors of Deaf acculturation dimension and the five factors of hearing acculturation dimension. Reliability, assessed by Cronbach's ${\alpha}$, was .93 for Deaf acculturation and .93 for hearing acculturation, respectively, which confirm the Koran version of DAS. Construct validity was demonstrated through correlation with Deaf acculturation-related variables: age, age of Deafness, Degree of hearing loss, American Sign Language ability, and lip-reading ability. Criterion validity was supported by correlation with Collective Self-Esteem Scale. Limitation and implication of this study and direction for future research were discussed.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.307-323
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• 1990

This Study was done to design and test an instrument to measure the health status of the elderly including physical, psychologyical and social dimensions. Data collection was done from July 18 to August 17, 1990. Subjects were 412 older persons in Korea. A convenience sample was used but the place of residence was stratified into large, medium and small city and rural areas. Participants located in Sudaemun-Gu, Mapo-Gu, and Kangnam-Gu, Seoul were interviewed by brained nursing students, and those in Chungju, Jonju, Chuncheon, and Jinju by professors of nursing colleges. Rural residents were interviewed by community health practioners working in Kungsang-Buk-Do, Kyngsang- Nam - Bo, Jonla Buk -Do, and Kyung Ki- Do. The tool developed for this study was a structured questionnaire based on previous literature and then tested for reliability and validity. This tool contained 20 physical health status items, 17 mental-emotional health status items and 38 social health status items. Physical health status items clustered in to six factors such as personal hygiene, activity, home management, digestive, sexual, sensory, and climination functions. Mental-emotional health status items clustered into two factors, mental health and emotional health. Social health status items clustered into seven factors, grandparent, parent, spouse, friend, kinships, group member and religious role functions. Data analysis included percentage, average, S.D., t-test and ANOVA. The results of the analysis were as follows : 1. The tool measuring the health status of the elderly and developed for this research had a relatively high reliavility indicated by a cronbach＝0.97793. 2. Average score of the subjects physical health status was 4, 054 in a 5 point likert scale, mentalemotional health status was 3.803, social health status was 2.939 and the total average was 3.521. The social status of the subjects was the lowest and the next was mental-emotional health status ; physical health status was the highest. 3. Educational background, perceived health status, the amount of pocket money were related to physical and mental-emotional health status and family structure was related mental-emotional physical and social health status. Occupation was related to physical and mental-emotional status. Area of residence was related to metal-emotional and social status. Source of living in the expeneses was related to physical and mental-emotional health status marital status to mental-emotional and social health status, and the number living in the home physical health status and religion to social health status. The following conciusions were derived from the above results ; 1. The health status of Korean elderly was relatively sound but social health status was the most vulnerable. The Social activity for Korean elderly is needed to improve social health. 2. Educational background, perceived health status and the amount of pocket money must be considered in the health assessment criteria of the elderly, Family structure, marial status, occupation, residence variables and sources of living expense must also be considered as significant. 3. A health education program based on the educational background of the elderly, and provision of an occupational socioeconomic welfare policy will be useful in order to increase social health status of Korean elderly.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.399-413
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• 1990

This descriptive study was under taken to explore relationships among the quality of life, health locus of control and perceived state of health persons with cancer to contribute theoretical understanding about these phenomenon of interest to the quality of nursing care. The subjects of this were 200 persons with cancer (100- in patients and 100- out patients), both male and female, between 30 and 59 years of age. Data were obtained using a convenience sample technique from two university hospitals in seoul from August, 1989, to June, 1990. The instruments used for this study were the Quality of life scale developed by Ro, You - Ja and the Health Locus of Control scale developed by Wallston & Wallston. Data were analyzed using a SAS program for ANOVA, t-test, Schefffe test, Pearson Correlation Coefficients and Stepwise multiple regression. The results were as follows : 1. The scores on the quality of life scale ranged from 95 to 191 with as mean of 147.85(range 47 to 235). The Mean scores(range 1-5) on the different dimensions were family relationships 3.50, relationships with neighbours 3.48, self - esteem 3.17, physical state and function 2.99, economic life 2.93 and emotional life 2.91. 2. Significantly higher scores on the quality of life and demographic characteristics were as follows : the quality of life for women(t＝2.80, p＝ .006), for those without complications(t＝2.54, p＝ .013), and for those who perceived their illness as mild(F＝4.85, p＝ .009). Higher scores on quality of life were correlated with the following : 1) emotional state and the age group 50-59(F＝3.43, p＝ .34). 2) economic life and higher income(F＝6.72, p＝ .002), those without complications(t＝2.68, p＝ .00), and those who perceived their illness as mild(F＝3.11, p＝ .05). 3) self-esteem and marriage(F＝3.64, p＝.028), those without complications(t＝2.18, p＝.03), and those who perceived their illness as mild(F＝7.72, p＝.000). 4) physical state and funciton and the age group 30-39(F＝4.65, p＝.010), those without complications (t＝2.00, p＝.05), and those who perceived their illness as mild(F＝3.38, p＝.04). 5) family relationship and those who live with their spouse(t＝2.82, p＝.005). 3. There was a significant positive correlation between the subjects perceptions of their current state of health and the quality of life score(r＝.4364, p＝.0001). 4. There was no relationship between Locus of control and quality of life in this sample. 5. Stepwise multiple regression analysis showed that: 1) the perception of current health status was the main predictor and accounted for 20.11% of the total variance. 2) sex and educational level accounted for an additional 21.71% of the total variance. 6. The quality of life and the perception of their current health status of these patients with cancer were generally lower than those of healthy adults as noted in previous studies. In conclusion, the quality of life for these cancer patients was generally low especially in regard to their emotional state. The current perceived state of health, sex, complications and perceived degree of illness were important variables relatiog to quality of life.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.82-90
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• 2004

Objectives：The study was performed to compare the executive function(EF；Inhibition, Planning and Working memory) between ADHD and normal group, and to controll the effect of age and intelligence. And the function of inhibition was assessed in two dimensions(cognitive inhibition and motor inhibition). Methods：K-WISC III and EF test(Go-No-Go, Stroop test, Tower of Hanoi, Digit) was administered to both 25 children with ADHD and 25 normal control participants, all aged between 7 and 12. The results were analyzed after statistically controlled for age and intelligence. Results：Children in the ADHD group had significantly lower IQ score than those in the control group and consistent relations were found between the child's age and the study's major variables. Once IQ and age were controlled, results indicated that children with ADHD had deficit only cognitive inhibition and motor inhibition. There was no significant difference in planning and working memory. Conclusion：These results suggested that specific deficits in inhibition control rather than general EF deficits are associated with ADHD. So inhibition is the core problem of children with ADHD. Thus, the therapeutic approach focused on cognitive inhibition and motor inhibition is required.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.38C no.11
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• pp.990-999
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• 2013

Previous studies based on the theoretical evidence and based on the empirical data have been constantly revealing related factors affecting visual fatigue in viewing 3D images. however, the measurement data coupled with the factors that affect the viewers to feel fatigue is insufficient. this study research that the viewers feel the visual functional data is based on subjective fatigue such as IPD, AC/A ratio, and the degree of phoria and the effects on variance in these data, is to examine the correlation between these data. based on the average score of subjective fatigue which is $6.00{\pm}3.88$, total fatigue points from 0 up to 6 is classified as a group not appealing for the fatigue and from 7 up to 16, they were classified as the fatigue appealing group. the results showed no difference in satisfaction of the images by each subjective fatigue, IPD and far phoria. AC/A ratio was higher from the fatigue not appealing group, near phoria was higher from the fatigue appealing group. after watching 3D images, the fatigue not appealing group showed a tendency of higher increase of exophoria. correlations appeared in this experiment showed that AC/A ratio and near phoria are closely related to level of subjective fatigue which feel when watching 3D images. when watching 3D images based on two data appear to be able to predict the fatigue, even during content production fatigue reduce the data dimensions to be used as the main basis is expected.

• Imaging Science in Dentistry
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.75-79
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• 2002

Purpose : To evaluate the effect of exposure time and image resolution on fractal dimension calculations for determining the optimal range of these two variances. Materials and Methods : Thirty-one radiographs of the mandibular angle area of sixteen human dry mandibles were taken at different exposure times (0.01, 0.08, 0.16, 0.25, 0.40, 0.64, and 0.80 s). Each radiograph was digitized at 1200 dpi, 8 bit, 256 gray level using a film scanner. We selected an Region of Interest (ROI) that corresponded to the same region as in each radiograph, but the resolution of ROI was degraded to 1000, 800, 600, 500, 400, 300, 200, and 100 dpi. The fractal dimension was calculated by using the tile-counting method for each image, and the calculated values were then compared statistically. Results: As the exposure time and the image resolution increased, the mean value of the fractal dimension decreased, except the case where exposure time was set at 0.01 seconds (α = 0.05). The exposure time and image resolution affected the fractal dimension by interaction (p<0.001). When the exposure time was set to either 0.64 seconds or 0.80 seconds, the resulting fractal dimensions were lower, irrespective of image resolution, than at shorter exposure times (α = 0.05). The optimal range for exposure time and resolution was determined to be 0.08- 0.40 seconds and from 400-1000 dpi, respectively. Conclusion : Adequate exposure time and image resolution is essential for acquiring the fractal dimension using tile-counting method for evaluation of the mandible.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.45 no.5
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• pp.162-168
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• 2015

Purpose: The aim of this study was to analyze the anatomical dimensions of the buccal bone walls of the aesthetic maxillary region for immediate implant placement, based upon cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans in a sample of adult patients. Methods: Two calibrated examiners analyzed a sample of 50 CBCT scans, performing morphometric analyses of both incisors and canines on the left and right sides. Subsequently, in the sagittal view, a line was traced through the major axis of the selected tooth. Then, a second line (E) was traced from the buccal to the palatal wall at the level of the observed bone ridges. The heights of the buccal and palatal bone ridges were determined at the major axis of the tooth. The buccal bone thickness was measured across five lines. The first was at the level of line E. The second was at the most apical point of the tooth, and the other three lines were equidistant between the apical and the cervical lines, and parallel to them. Statistical analysis was performed with a significance level of $P{\leq}0.05$ for the bone thickness means and standard deviations per tooth and patient for the five lines at varying depths. Results: The means of the buccal wall thicknesses in the central incisors, lateral incisors and canines were $1.14{\pm}0.65mm$, $0.95{\pm}0.67mm$ and $1.15{\pm}0.68mm$, respectively. Additionally, only on the left side were significant differences in some measurements of buccal bone thickness observed according to age and gender. However, age and gender did not show significant differences in heights between the palatal and buccal plates. In a few cases, the buccal wall had a greater height than the palatal wall. Conclusions: Less than 10% of sites showed more than a 2-mm thickness of the buccal bone wall, with the exception of the central incisor region, wherein 14.4% of cases were ${\geq}2mm$.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.2 no.4
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• pp.39-47
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• 1982

Geotextile effects as reinforcement and vertical drain materials are studied through the laboratory model embankments on weak clays. The experiments are carried out in four stages; no woven fabrics between clay-crushed stone boundary, fabrics between boundary with no initial pretensioning of fabrics, and fabrics between boundary with two different initial pretensionings of fabrics. In all stages, vertical drains utilizing non-woven fabrics are installed in the clay layer in square pattern to accelarate the consolidation. The experimental model has plane dimensions of $32cm{\times}330cm$. The height for the clay container is 60 cm. The 47 cm height of crushed stone embankment is constructed over the 50 cm deep clay layer. The time dependent pore pressures are measured utilizing the 8 piezometers installed symmetrically on both sides of the wall at different heights. The time dependent deformations are measured utilizing the LED indicating lamp matrix inserted in the crushed stone embankment and the dialgauges put on top of the clay layer where the crushed stones are not laid. The measurements are carried out for 10 days which is equivalent to the time required for the primary consolidation. Through the experimental study, an analytical procedure is developed to predict the time dependent embankment settlement even if the top of the clay layer is reinforced with woven fabrics. This can be done through measuring the maximum pore pressures developed in the clay layer and comparing with the theoretical maximum pore pressures when no reinforcing fabrics are employed.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.95-108
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• 2014

The objective of this study is to develop the plastic greenhouse models which are structurally safe under the weather condition of Seongju and have the dimensions suitable for oriental melon cultivation as well. To grasp the structural features of greenhouses in Seongju, the field survey was conducted on 406 farmhouses which included 2,068 greenhouses. The field survey showed that the roof shape of arch type accounted for the highest rate, but recently even span or peach type became more popular and the width and height of greenhouse tended to increase as the period of use was short. The relationship of the width, ridge height and eaves height were established based on field survey data. Using climate data of Gumi adjacent to Seongju, the regressions were determined for the design wind speed and design snow depth depending on recurrence period. To design the greenhouse models against weather disasters in Seongju, the optimal design loads are 23.7 cm of snow depth and $33.8m{\cdot}s^1$ of wind speed. As the design results, four models of single-span greenhouse, two models of double-span greenhouses including extension were developed.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.32 no.6A
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• pp.327-336
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• 2012

This study presents the effects of various geometric properties on the ultimate behavior of steel cable-stayed bridges. In general, cable-stayed bridges are well known as a very efficient structural system, because of those geometric characteristics, but at the same time, the structure also shows complex structural behavior including various nonlinearities which significantly affect to the ultimate behavior of the structure. In this study, the effects of various geometric properties of main members on the ultimate behavior under specific live load cases, which had been studied in previous studies, were investigated using a rational analytical method. In this parametric study, sectional dimensions of main members were considered as main geometric parameters. For the rational ultimate analysis under specific live load cases, the 2-step analysis method, which contains initial shape analysis and live load analysis, was used. As the analysis model, 920.0 m long steel cable-stayed bridges were used and two different types of cable arrangement were considered to study the effect of the cable arrangement types. Through this study, the effects of various geometric properties on the characteristics of the ultimate behavior of steel cable-stayed bridges were intensively investigated.