The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences (한국통신학회논문지)

The Korean Institute of Commucations and Information Sciences (한국통신학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Clinical Consideration of Visual Fatigue on 3D Images

3D 영상 시청에 대한 시각적 피로도의 임상적 고찰

  • 김정호 (광운대학교 플라즈마바이오디스플레이학과 디지털3D연구실) ;
  • 손정식 (경운대학교 안경광학과) ;
  • 박성진 (광운대학교 광운미디어콘텐츠센터 디지털3D연구실) ;
  • 권순철 (광운대학교 정보콘텐츠대학원 디지털3D연구실)
  • Received : 2013.08.07
  • Accepted : 2013.10.23
  • Published : 2013.11.30
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

Previous studies based on the theoretical evidence and based on the empirical data have been constantly revealing related factors affecting visual fatigue in viewing 3D images. however, the measurement data coupled with the factors that affect the viewers to feel fatigue is insufficient. this study research that the viewers feel the visual functional data is based on subjective fatigue such as IPD, AC/A ratio, and the degree of phoria and the effects on variance in these data, is to examine the correlation between these data. based on the average score of subjective fatigue which is $6.00{\pm}3.88$, total fatigue points from 0 up to 6 is classified as a group not appealing for the fatigue and from 7 up to 16, they were classified as the fatigue appealing group. the results showed no difference in satisfaction of the images by each subjective fatigue, IPD and far phoria. AC/A ratio was higher from the fatigue not appealing group, near phoria was higher from the fatigue appealing group. after watching 3D images, the fatigue not appealing group showed a tendency of higher increase of exophoria. correlations appeared in this experiment showed that AC/A ratio and near phoria are closely related to level of subjective fatigue which feel when watching 3D images. when watching 3D images based on two data appear to be able to predict the fatigue, even during content production fatigue reduce the data dimensions to be used as the main basis is expected.

기존의 연구들에서 이론적 근거를 바탕으로 3D 영상 시청에 대해 시각피로도와 연관이 있는 요소와 영향을 주는 요소들에 대해 경험적 데이터를 기반하여 지속적으로 밝혀내고 있다. 하지만, 이러한 영향을 미치는 요소와 맞물려 실제로 시청자가 느끼는 피로감과 연계하여 측정된 자료는 미비한 상태이다. 본 연구에서는 시청자가 느끼는 자각적 피로도에 따른 시기능적 데이터인 IPD, AC/A비, 그리고 사위도와 그 변화량에 미치는 영향 및 상관관계를 알아보고자 하였다. 자각적 피로도의 기술통계량 점수 $6.00{\pm}3.88$점에 기초하여 피로도 점수 합계 0 ~ 6점을 피로 미호소 그룹, 7 ~ 16점을 피로 호소 그룹으로 분류하였다. 실험 결과 자각적 피로도별 영상 만족도, IPD, 원거리 사위도에서는 차이를 나타내지 않았다. 피로 미호소 그룹에서 AC/A비가 높게 나타났고, 피로 호소 그룹에서는 근거리 사위도가 높게 나타났다. 3D 영상 시청 이후에서는 피로 미호소 그룹에서 더 높은 외사위도 증가 경향을 나타냈다. 본 실험에서 나타난 상관관계에서 AC/A비와 근거리 사위도가 3D 영상 시청 시 느끼는 자각적 피로도와 밀접한 관련이 있는 것으로 나타났다. 3D 영상 시청 시 두 데이터에 기반하여 피로도를 예측할 수 있을 것으로 보이며 콘텐츠 제작 시에도 피로도 경감 차원의 주요한 근거 데이터로 사용될 것으로 판단된다.

Keywords

References

  1. A. H. Peter, "Potential hazards of viewing 3-D stereoscopic television, cinema and computer games: a review," Ophthalmic and Physiological Optics, vol. 31, no. 2, pp. 111-122, Mar. 2011. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-1313.2011.00822.x
  2. D. M. Hoffman, A. R. Girshick, K. Akeley, and M. S. Banks, "Vergence-accommodation conflicts hinder visual performance and cause visual fatigue," J. Vision, vol. 8, no. 3, pp. 1-30, Mar. 2008.
  3. Y. H. Shin, H. C. Li, and S. W. Kim, "3D displays: development and validation of prediction function of object size perception as a function of depth," J. Broadcast Eng., vol. 17, no. 2, pp. 400-410, Mar. 2012. https://doi.org/10.5909/JEB.2012.17.2.400
  4. D. H. Chung and H. C. Yang, "Reliability and validity assessment in 3D video measurement," J. Broadcast Eng., vol. 17, no. 1, pp. 49-59, Jan. 2012. https://doi.org/10.5909/JEB.2012.17.1.49
  5. K. T. Kham and J. H. Lee, "The effect of inter-pupillary distance on stereopsis," Korean J. Cognitive Sci., vol. 14, no. 3, pp. 37-49, Sep. 2003.
  6. S. H. Kang and H. K. Hong, "In watching 3D stereoscopic display using the binocular disparity, the effect of pupillary distance of adults and children on the perception of 3D image," J. Korean Ophthalmic Optics Soc., vol. 16, no. 3, pp. 299-305, Sep. 2011.
  7. J. E. Bahn, "Effects of interpupillary distance and AC/A ratio on binocular fusion and depth perception," M.S. thesis, Dept. Cognitive Sci., Yonsei Univ., Seoul, Korea, Aug. 2002.
  8. D. S. Kim, W. J. Lee, J. D. Kim, D. S. Yu, E. T. Jeong, and J. S. Son, "Change of phoria and subjective symptoms after watching 2D and 3D image," J. Korean Ophthalmic Optics Soc., vol. 17, no. 2, pp. 185-193, June 2012.
  9. M. H. Lee and D. S. Yu, "CA/C ratio of adults in their early twenties with normal binocular vision," J. Korean Ophthalmic Optics Soc., vol. 17, no. 2, pp. 153-158, June 2012.
  10. M. H. Lee, J. S. Son, J. D. Kim, and D. S. Yu, "Evaluation of visual responses in viewing a 3D image," J. Korean Ophthalmic Optics Soc., vol. 17, no. 2, pp. 165-170, June 2012.
  11. W. IJsselsteijn, H. de Ridder, J. Freeman, S. E. Avons, and D. Bouwhuis, "Effects of stereoscopic presentation, image motion, and screen size on subjective and objective corroborative measures of presence," Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments, vol. 10, no. 3, pp. 298-311, June 2001. https://doi.org/10.1162/105474601300343621
  12. J. Freeman and S. E. Avons, "Focus group exploration of presence through advanced broadcasting service," Proc. SPIE, vol. 3959, pp. 530-539, June 2000.
  13. D. S. Kim, "The effects of 3D images on the visual function," M.S. thesis, Dept. Optometry, Kyungwoon Univ., Gumi, Korea, Feb. 2011.
  14. J. H. Kim, "The influence of visual function on near watching 3D images," M.S. thesis, Dept. Optometry, Kyungwoon Univ., Gumi, Korea, Feb. 2012.
  15. M. J. Lee, "Influence of running time of 3D stereoscopic video on audience perception", Ph.D. dissertation, Dept. Mass Commun., Kwangwoon Univ., Seoul, Korea, Feb. 2011.
  16. S. L. Ames, J. S. Wolffsohn, and N. A. Mcbrien, "The development of a symptom questionnaire for assessing virtual reality viewing using a head mounted display," Optometry Vision Sci., vol. 82, no. 3, pp. 168-176, Mar. 2005. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.OPX.0000156307.95086.6
  17. J. A. Shin, Clinical Refraction, 2nd Ed., Hanmi, pp. 147-155, 2007.
  18. P. J. Sung, Optometry, 6th Ed., Daihak, pp. 272-276, 2008.
  19. J. D. Kim, H. J. Kim, and J. H. Hwang, "Relation between gradient and calculated AC/A ratios according to binocular types," Korean J. Vision Sci., vol. 14, no. 4, pp. 373-380, Dec. 2012.
  20. J. D. Kim, Clinical refraction and visual dysfunction prescription, 3rd Ed., Shinkwang, pp. 240-253, 2010.
  21. S. S. Han, and S. C. Lee, Nursing & Health statistical analysis, 2nd Ed., Fornurse, pp. 168-183, 2011.
  22. W. J. Lee, "The effects of wearing anaglyph glasses for 3D images on the visual function," M.S. thesis, Dept. Optometry, Kyungwoon Univ., Gumi, Korea, Feb. 2011.
  23. Y. S. Huh, S. W. Yu, S. W. Yu, S. B. Kim, C. Y. Park, H. J. Kim, B. H. Kang, and E. H. Lee, "Assessment of stereopsis, phorias and self-reported symptoms in viewing anaglyph 3D image," Korean J. Vision Sci., vol. 14, no. 4, pp. 381-390, Dec. 2012.
  24. J. H. Kim, K. H. Ryu, and I. S. Kim, "The study on relation between asthenopia of lateral phoria and fusional reserve," J. Korean Ophthalmic Optics Soc., vol. 11, no. 4, pp. 329-335, Nov. 2006.