• 한국조경학회지
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• 제28권5호
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• pp.1-14
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• 2000

The purpose of this study is to propose remedial devices through the analysis on the operation status of nature trails in the nine National Parks in Korea. To accomplish these goals, the field survey for the nature trail facilities and their nature environmental conditions and a questionnaire survey also had been done, and 1,102 samples have been collected. Nature trails are usually located where the visitors re concentrated for a certain season or year-round, and ease of the visits guaranteed. However, since most of trails are located along the valley, the courses have disadvantage of passing in a single trail. Also, many trails are using former tracking courses, and the environmental conditions are not satisfactory due to the damages incurred by the visitors. Since nature trails are still on the introductory stage, basic tactics such as the design of courses, construction methods, management skills needs further improvements. As the Natural Parks Act does not have any clear definition of nature trails, it invokes the definition of tracking course instead, which in turn hinders the development of the nature trails. The nature trail system was just introduced to Korean National Parks and a pioneer in the Korea. Therefore, when provincial and urban recreational parks wish to introduce the environmental education programs within each park system, nature trails in national parks can be performed as a role model. Further improvements should be made within the such fields as preliminary natural ecological survey, lacks of professional designers for the facilities, lacks of interpreter and interpretation within nature trails.

• 한국환경생태학회지
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.55-71
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• 1992

한라산국립공원에서 이용객에 의한 등산로와 등산로주변의 환경훼손실태조사를 1990년에 실시하였다. 등산로폭과 주변의 나지노출폭은 이용강도와 정(＋)의 상관관계를, 주변식생의 수고와 경사도와는 부(-)의 상관관계를 나타냈다. 노면의 깊이는 노폭 및 나지노출폭과 상관관계를 나타냈다. 이용객에 의한 등산로주변의 면적훼손은 아고산지역에서 주로 발생하고 있었으며, 주 훼손지역의 총 면적은 121,000$m^2$로, 그중 생태계보전사업이 시급한 면적은(훼손등급 4급이상) 약 72,000$m^2$로 추정되었다. 등산로와 주변의 훼손유형은 10가지로 밝혀졌으며, 총 침식량은 약 62,000$m^2$로 추정되었다.

• 한국환경생태학회지
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.49-55
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• 1995

본 연구는 계룡산 국립공원과 오대산 국립공원의 9개 등산로를 대상으로 등산로의 물리적 조건이 심장박동수에 미치는 영향을 밝히기 위하여 수행되었다. 산오르기 등산은 피검자가 에르고메타를 이용하여 측정한 최대심박수의 84~96%에 해당하는 고된 신체운동이며, 동일한 코스를 내려올 때의 최대심박수는 올라갈 때의 최대심박수에 약 78~93%에 해당하는 값을 나타내었다. 등산로의 경사도는 심박수에 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났으나, 노폭은 심박수와 무관한 것으로 판단된다. 비시설 등산로에 비하여 나무 또는 돌계단식과 같은 등산로 노면재료가 심박수의 증가에 영향을 크게 미치는 것으로 나타났다.

• 한국조경학회지
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.11-21
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• 2001

This study investigates how motivations, preferences, and past experiences vary by each hikers trail choice at the Mt.Keyryong National Park. The purpose of this study is to find out the factors influencing behavioral choice in the recreation areas, and establish the fundamental theory for the efficient management of the resource and visitors. For this study, we have collected 472 respondents by on-site self-administrated questionnaire from the hikers in the park. The collected data were analyzed by the descriptive statistics and the discriminant analysis. The motivations variable of hiking participation on mountain trail were categorized three types; close-nature, escapism, and physical improvement. The preferences for trail environment were classified as four categories by factor analysis; preference for nature, safety, use density, and facilities. In descriptive statistics, the study showed that the experienced hikers prefer natural trials and hikers who have preference for close-nature select longer and deeper forest trails. The results of discriminant analysis indicate that the level of past experience is the most affectable in classification of trail choice. Such variables as motivation for close-nature and preference for nature were also appeared as affecting factors on classification of trail choice. Two discriminant functions were available, and 90.5 percent of analysis sample were correctly classified. In the validity analysis, 89 percent of holdout sample were correctly classified. These hit ratios ensures an accuracy by Press Q test. The result of this study is to be useful knowledge of the choice of detailed use environments in the same recreation areas.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.215-221
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• 2019

Inflammation is the crucial biological process of immune system which acts as body's defense and protective response against the injuries or infection. However, the systemic inflammation devotes the adverse effects such as multiple inflammation associated diseases. One of the best ways to treat this entity is by blocking the tumor necrosis factor alpha ($TNF-{\alpha}$) and TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) to avoid the proinflammation cytokines production. Thus, this study aims to evaluate the potency of Sambucus bioactive compounds as anti-inflammation through in silico approach. In order to assess that, molecular docking was performed to evaluate the interaction properties between the $TNF-{\alpha}$ or TRAIL with the ligands. The 2D structure of ligands were retrieved online via PubChem and the 3D protein modeling was done by using SWISS Model. The prediction results of the study showed that caffeic acid (-6.4 kcal/mol) and homovanillic acid (-6.6 kcal/mol) have the greatest binding affinity against the $TNF-{\alpha}$ and TRAIL respectively. This evidence suggests that caffeic acid and homovanillic acid may potent as anti-inflammatory agent against the inflammation associated diseases. Finally, this study needs further examination and evaluation to validate the potency of Sambucus bioactive compounds.

• 전력전자학회논문지
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• 제5권5호
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• pp.493-500
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• 2000

고속전철용 충전기는 VVVF, CVCF, DC/DC 컨버터에 전원을 공급하고 안정성과 시스템의 신뢰성을 목적으로 하는 중요한 에너지원이다. 본 논문에서는 밧데리 충전 알고리즘과 고속전철용 ZVZCS형 밧데리 충전기의 전력회로를 포함한다. 또한 고속전철용 50kW 충전기의 최적 병렬운전과 Ni-Cd 밧데리의 충전 방법을 설명하고 실험을 통해 타당성을 입증한다.

• Journal of Welding and Joining
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• 제34권6호
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• pp.20-27
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• 2016

This study deals with the proper conditions of the trail rolling method (TRM) for the prevention of the buckling welding distortion at the AA5083 GMA butt weldment. For it, the effect of the working conditions of TRM including the rolling depth and the rolling distance between the welding torch and the roller on the longitudinal welding shrinkage force of the weldment was evaluated by using 3 dimensional thermo-mechanical FE analyses. The longitudinal welding shrinkage force inducing the buckling welding distortion at the GMA butt weldment was mitigated with an increase in the rolling depth and the rolling distance between the welding torch and the roller. Based on the results, the proper conditions of trail rolling method were established to reduce the longitudinal welding shrinkage force of the GMA butt weldment to below the critical value corresponding to the bucking distortion.

• 한국조경학회지
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.69-79
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• 1989

^x Mt. Sorak national park trails are receiving high levels of use that is affecting user satisfaction and resource management. Trampling impacts studies were conduced in 2 courses to measure soil loss, extent of trail width, and vegetation change. Trail erosion were quantified using a cross -sectional area and most Portions were eroded severely in Oe - Sorak course especially. Phytosociological changes were also surveyed on trail - sides and controls by quadrat to confirm that trampling had an effect on the composition of the vegetation. Information from this study could be used directly in the planning, construction of new trails, and the maintenance of existing trails.

• 한국환경생태학회지
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• 제11권4호
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• pp.469-479
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• 1998

본 연구는 등산로의 물리적 특성과 등산시 운동강도와의 관계를 밝히고 이를 이용자관리에 적용할 수 있는 가능성을 제시하고자 수행되었다. 설악산국립공원과 계룡산국립공원을 대상으로 운동부하에 영향을 미치는 등산로의 물리적 특성을 조사한 결과, 경사도가 주요원인이며, 등산시 짐의 무게도 운동부하 증감에 영향을 미치는 것으로 조사되었다. 급경사지에 위치한 등산로의 이용을 억제시킬 수 있는 방안으로 등산로의 연령대별 운동강도를 추정하여 제시하였다. 제시된 홍보자료는 체력이 낮거나 나이가 많은 탐방객의 이용을 억제시킬 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국생물물리학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국생물물리학회 1999년도 학술발표회 진행표 및 논문초록
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• pp.34-34
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• 1999

TRAIL (also known as Apo-2L) is a newly identified cytokine belonging to the large tumor necrosis factor (TNF) family. TRAIL is a novel molecule in that it induces apoptosis in a wide variety of tumor cells but not in normal cells. In order to help elucidating its biological roles and designing mutants with improved therapeutic potential, we have determined the crystal structure of human TRAIL.(omitted)