• Journal of Korean Society of Rural Planning
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.57-67
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• 2008

The Direct Payment Program for Rural Landscape Conservation (DPPRLC), introduced by the Korean government, currently offers subsidies to rural villages to encourage the growing of flower crops or wild flowers instead of common grain. However, in many of these villages, major landscape elements like walls and roofs of houses are built with cheap, urban materials, and kept in poor condition. This is a poor reflection of the DPPRLC goal to improve the aesthetic of korean rural landscape. This study surveyed and analyzed traditional style walls and roofs in ten selected villages taking part in the DPPRLC program. Villagers were interviewed for a proposed direct payment program for building and maintaining traditional walls and roofs. Major findings are: First, more than 86% of residents are willing to build and maintain traditional walls if subsidies are given. They would like to be reimbursed 75% to 100% of construction and maintenance costs. Second, about 64% of residents would be willing to build and maintain traditional roofs with the subsidies. They also would like to receive 75% to 100% of construction and maintenance costs. The policy implication of this study is that extending the DPPRLC program to include walls and roofs in rural villages will make rural landscape more attractive.

• Journal of the Korean housing association
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• v.13 no.5
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• pp.43-50
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• 2002

The purpose of this study is to find the types and symbolic meanings of the pattern shown in the Korean traditional houses. The major findings were as follows, 1) The patterns shown in the Korean traditional houses are classified into the types of the animal, plant, good-luck geometry according to the Motifes 2) The patterns of the Korean traditional houses were expressed in the fences, gates, chimneies, walls, windows and doors, railings, roofs. 3) Korean traditional patterns are expressed the meanings of the protection, long life, good-luck, good meaning, decoration in the fences, gates, chimneies, walls, windows and doors, railings, roofs.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.20 no.6
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• pp.254-261
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• 2011

The purpose of this study was to investigate the characteristic as to how the Indonesian traditional space is expressed in a contemporary space. As for the study method, We visited 12 Indonesian restaurants in Jakarta from Oct. 16 to Oct. 20, 2010 for a case study. The study result is presented as follows: First, as a factor of facade components, the roof part revealed its identity as a Joglo structure. Walls, windows and doors reflected Indonesian tradition, or were transformed in passive or aggressive ways. Second, as a factor of interior space components, ceilings were predominantly designed by reflecting a structural exposure ceiling or Tumpang Sari as it was or by passively transforming them; Interior walls, windows and doors were transformed in aggressive ways. Third, regarding the factors of interior decoration components, traditional furniture was not used, but instead, furniture with contemporary form and local materials were dominently used, and traditional accessaries were used as they were. Therefore, in the case of designing spatial componentss in Indonesian restaurants located in Jakarta, roofs and ceilings, floors, furniture, and accessaries reflected Indonesian tradition, or were passively transformed, whereas walls, windows, doors, and some ceilings aggressively reflected modernized tradition so that they were formed in harmony with traditional and contemporary styles.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.21 no.5
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• pp.153-161
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• 2012

The purposes of this study were to reevaluate urban traditional houses and to propose direction for the conservation and utilization of urban traditional houses in a way of maintaining historical landscape rather than the value of urban traditional houses as components in expanded urban structure. For these purposes, we identified the characteristics of conservation and utilization of urban traditional houses by representative cases and analyzing them exhaustively, and suggested problems in the cinservation and utilization of traditional houses and solution for them. The current conservation system for Urban Traditional House in the Bukchon area is applied to non-residential Urban Traditional House differently according to the owner's consciousness of conservation because there is no support system for non-residential Urban Traditional House. Accordingly, there should be standardized criteria to maintain the landscape of the Bukchon area in terms of beauty formed by the elevation of Urban Traditional House and the continuity of roofs while accommodating various functions. As in total conservation or partial conservation, the interior remodeling of individual houses may be allowed but the three-dimensional external appearance composed of the outer walls, fences and roofs of Korean-style houses should be repaired and improved in a way of maintaining the image. In order to utilize Urban Traditional House in the Bukchon area, plans should be made in consideration of its location, historicity and tradition. We may expect the utilization of traditional cultural facilities and their surrounding areas as alternative cultural spaces. Such use of individual Urban Traditional House should be extended by linearly and areally and suggest the direction of conservation and utilization.

• Journal of Agricultural Extension & Community Development
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.417-436
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• 2007

The purpose of this study was to prepare for developing rural house remodeling techniques utilizing the traditional residence factor. The study was carried out through both literature research and on-site research. The traditional residence space factors were identified through literature research and on-site research was carried out through analysis of the rural house remodeling cases. The results of this study was as follows ; 1) Traditional space factors were derived by literature research i. e. space arrangement (topography, direction, plane arrangement), exterior factors; walls, madang, interior factors; roofs, ondol, floors, colours. 2) The traditional residence factor utilizations of remodeling were applied a result through investigation case and analysis. Five rural houses in Namsa village, Danseong-myeon, Sangcheong-gun, Gyeongsangnam-Do were analyzed as remodeling cases including traditional residence factors. There were limitation of budget problems and material selection in the traditional residence factor utilizations of remodeling. The researchers have chosen target rural houses which applied for traditional residence factors to remodel the rural houses, and the most important factor to consider was harmony with rural unique characteristics. The researchers suggested considerations should be placed on development with energy savings and convenience in rural house remodelling.

• Advances in environmental research
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.71-84
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• 2019

Effective waterproofing of structures was a compulsory constraint to avoid leaks and dampness or humidity in walls, ceilings, roofs underground tank and underground room. Traditionally used methods of roof waterproofing were bitumen with tinny seared clay tiles are very troublesome, overwhelming time and involving high labor cost. These waterproofing methods are not allocation the purpose due to their intrinsic disadvantages. Prepackaged polymer modified slurries (PPPMS) are now attainment the vogue and easy to use, easily available in the market, cheaper in cost and more workable than the traditional methods of waterproofing. An experimental study has shown that prepackaged polymer modified slurries (PPPMS) are superior in cost and performance to as a roof water proof coatings. Bituminous coatings were mixed with water and different combination of prepackaged polymer modified slurries and primer respectively, to find optimum coverage underneath worst atmospheric conditions. Every specimen of different proportioned was applied on plane roofs and through the passage of time, their performance was checked, assessed and associated with each other. The roof of approximately 40000 ft² area of prepackaged polymer modified slurries was used will give us hundred percent result (no water seepage or no water absorption) therefore no complaints as compare to roofs area of approximately 24000 ft² bituminous coating was used for waterproofing they have shown the result of 30 to 40 percent water seepage. This result shows that prepackaged polymer modified slurries were two times cheaper than bituminous coating. Comparing an equal number of surfaces coated with a polymer modified prepackaged mortar and bitumen the prepackaged polymer modified slurries (PPPMS) showed excellent performance, ease of application and low bitumen coating cost.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• no.6
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• pp.53-62
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• 1995

This research aims at proving the fact that the forms, spaces and many other design concepts of Modernism are much related with the changes of materials, struc-tures, and the way of construction as well as the idealis-tic and aesthestic things through the history of steel, one of the most important materials of the style. The meaning steel has in the modern architecture can be studied in the structure and industrial production system. 1) Steel frame broadened the range of understanding the space and created the new form through the skeleton/skin structure by reinterpreting the existing space fac-tors while it was being adopted to the architecture. Walls could be freed from the traditional function of bear-ing wall and roofs gave the transparancy to the interior by being linked with the glass. Posts lost the function which confines the space in the frame of the grid system and gave the flexibility to the interior due to the economical materials. These changes made the movable partition, screen with various materials and the system furniture which divides the space more important. 2) In the aspect of the industrialized architecture, it be-came the moment that the most of the archtectural com-posing parts were in mass production as they were standarized, high qualified, and generalized by the indus-trial characteristics of steel, and the specialization of structure and cladding, but the neither of the efforts to make the building itself by mass production or to standarize it was fulfilled. The high-tech architecture which borrows its archtectural manifestation from the high technology, however, is consistently paying efforts on such industrialization.

• Journal of the Architectural Institute of Korea Structure & Construction
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• v.35 no.7
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• pp.179-186
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• 2019

Air lime is a traditional building material of Korea. It had been used in roofs, walls, floors and masonry joints of traditional buildings until the advent of Portland cement. However, due to its low strength and durability, the lime is currently avoided as a repair or restoration material for the preservation of architectural heritage. Furthermore, due to the current practice of using hydraulic materials such as Portland cement, understanding of the material characteristics of air lime is very poor in practice. In this context, this study intended to improve the mechanical properties of the air lime mortar by reducing water contents, and also the carbonation reaction of the mortar was quantitatively evaluated to clearly understand the characteristics of this material. Accordingly, air lime mortar with a water-to-binder ratio of 0.4 was manufactured using polycarboxylate-type superplasticizer. During the 7 days of sealed curing period, the mortar did not harden at all. In other words, there was no reaction required for hardening since it could not absorb carbon dioxide from the atmosphere. However, once exposed to the air, the compressive strength of the mortar began to rapidly increase due to the carbonation reaction, and the strength increased steadily until the 28th day; after then, the strength development was significantly slowed down. On the 28th day, the mortar exhibit a compressive strength of about 5 MPa, which is equivalent to the European standard regarding strength of hydraulic lime used for preservation of architectural heritage.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.45 no.5
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• pp.87-96
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• 2017

This study focuses on the Andong Hahoe Village and seeks to identify the shape of the walls since the 1970s. The change of walls can be divided into four periods based on characteristics of materials, shape and distribution. The following is a summary of the results: First, In the 1970s, when Andong Hahoe Village was not designated as a cultural heritage, roof tiles hung on the earthen walls in the middle of the village were major forms. On the outside of the village, rice straw and pine needles were put on the earthen walls or bush clover walls were put in place around if walls were not built. Second, after being designated as a cultural heritage in the 1980s, readjustments for cultural heritages were carried out at the primary stage. However, the distribution of cultural heritages and major changes were not determined at this time since readjustments were mainly focused on the renovation of derelict houses or maintenance of infrastructures. Third, in the past the use of stone bricks for the Hahoe Village site had been difficult, but in the 1990s, replacements with soil-stone walls were identified and the usage of roof tiles increased. The portion of earthen walls, which used to be the major form in the prior era, decreased and this seems to have continued until the 2000s. Fourth, via a field survey, it was found that most of Hahoe village walls consisted of soil cement bricks mixed with cement, steel, lime, gravel. etc. Also, the scope of straw-stricken walls and bush clover walls were reduced to a section of area outside of the village. Fifth, from the 1970s to the present, there were changes to the walls in Hahoe Village including an increase in usages of new materials and an expansion of houses with tiled roofs on top in accordance with the replacement of walls of existing houses. Relevant reasons for this have been identified, such as the fading value of Fungsui(風水) and lack of original records, insufficient awareness and expertise in non-building areas, and the relationship between residents on repairing the wall.

• Journal of the Society of Disaster Information
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.107-114
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• 2018

Purpose : This study is to develop walls using wall recording technology applied on roofs to prevent fire spread in traditional markets. Method : The spray head installed on the developed wall was designed so that the fire does not spread to adjacent buildings after being used for plants. In addition, a spray head was attached to the upper section and some sections for the growth of plants planted on the wall to prevent the spread of fire. Results : These technologies suggested the development of walls that can be installed at the upper level of buildings, such as traditional markets, and separate isolation facilities were not necessary because they are integrated with structures and sprinklers. In addition, sprinklers can perform both the plant spray and fire spread prevention functions. It is believed that this is the only alternative technology proposed in Korea to prevent the spread of fire. Conclusion : In this study, the wall design, designed directly to derive the quantitative performance of the fire spread reduction effect, demonstrated the fire suppression method of the wall system, the durability of the wall itself, and the flame retardability performance.