Journal of the Architectural Institute of Korea Structure & Construction (대한건축학회논문집:구조계)

Architectural Institute of Korea (대한건축학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Carbonation Reaction and Strength Development of Air Lime Mortar with Superplasticizer

고성능 감수제가 혼입된 기경성 석회 모르타르의 탄산화 반응 및 강도발현 특성

  • 강성훈 (서울대학교 건축학과 및 공학연구원) ;
  • 황종국 (한국전통문화대학교 전통건축학과) ;
  • 권양희 (한국전통문화대학교 전통건축학과)
  • Received : 2019.05.31
  • Accepted : 2019.07.03
  • Published : 2019.07.30
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

Air lime is a traditional building material of Korea. It had been used in roofs, walls, floors and masonry joints of traditional buildings until the advent of Portland cement. However, due to its low strength and durability, the lime is currently avoided as a repair or restoration material for the preservation of architectural heritage. Furthermore, due to the current practice of using hydraulic materials such as Portland cement, understanding of the material characteristics of air lime is very poor in practice. In this context, this study intended to improve the mechanical properties of the air lime mortar by reducing water contents, and also the carbonation reaction of the mortar was quantitatively evaluated to clearly understand the characteristics of this material. Accordingly, air lime mortar with a water-to-binder ratio of 0.4 was manufactured using polycarboxylate-type superplasticizer. During the 7 days of sealed curing period, the mortar did not harden at all. In other words, there was no reaction required for hardening since it could not absorb carbon dioxide from the atmosphere. However, once exposed to the air, the compressive strength of the mortar began to rapidly increase due to the carbonation reaction, and the strength increased steadily until the 28th day; after then, the strength development was significantly slowed down. On the 28th day, the mortar exhibit a compressive strength of about 5 MPa, which is equivalent to the European standard regarding strength of hydraulic lime used for preservation of architectural heritage.

Keywords

Acknowledgement

Supported by : 한국전통문화대학교

References

  1. ASTM D4284-12. (2012). Standard test method for determining pore volume distribution of catalysts and catalyst carriers by mercury intrusion porosimetry, ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA, 7.
  2. British Standards Institution (BSI). (2010). BS EN 459-2: 2010, Building lime. Test methods, BSI Standards Publication.
  3. British Standards Institution (BSI). (2015). BS EN 459-1: 2015, Building lime. Definitions, specifications and conformity criteria, BSI Standards Publication.
  4. Dai, S.-b. (2013). Building limes for cultural heritage conservation in China, Heritage Science, 1(25), 1-9. https://doi.org/10.1186/2050-7445-1-1
  5. Fernández, J. M., Duran, A., Navarro-Blasco, I., Lanas, J., Sirera, R., & Alvarez, J. I. (2013). Influence of nanosilica and a polycarboxylate ether superplasticizer on the performance of lime mortars. Cement and Concrete Research, 43, 12-24. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconres.2012.10.007
  6. Gulotta, D., Goidanich, S., Tedeschi, C., Nijland, T. G., & Toniolo, L. (2013). Commercial NHL-containing mortars for the preservation of historical architecture. Part 1: Compositional and mechanical characterisation, Construction and Building Materials, 38, 31-42. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2012.08.029
  7. Gulotta, D., Goidanich, S., Tedeschi, C., & Toniolo, L. (2015). Commercial NHL-containing mortars for the preservation of historical architecture. Part 2: Durability to salt decay, Construction and Building Materials, 96, 198-208. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2015.08.006
  8. Hassan, S. A. & Al-Zahrani, A. A. (2017). Slaking lime for restoration and conservation of historical buildings and materials, criticism of an arabic historical manuscripts, Engineering and Applied Sciences, 2(6), 125-131. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.eas.20170206.15
  9. International Organization for Standardization (ISO) 679. (2009). Cement-test methods-determination of strength, International Organization for Standardization, Geneva, Switzerland, 29.
  10. Izaguirre, A., Lanas, J., & Álvarez, J. I. (2010). Ageing of lime mortars with admixtures: Durability and strength assessment, Cement and Concrete Research, 40(7), 1081-1095. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconres.2010.02.013
  11. Izaguirre, A., Lanas, J., & Alvarez, J. I. (2011). Characterization of aerial lime-based mortars modified by the addition of two different water-retaining agents, Cement and Concrete Composites, 33(2), 309-318. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2010.09.008
  12. Jackson, M. D., Oleson, J. P., Moon, J., Zhang, Y., Chen, H. & Gudmundsson, M. T. (2018). Extreme durability in ancient Roman concretes, American Ceramic Society Bulletin, 97(5), 22-28.
  13. Kang, S.-H., Hwang, J.-K., & Kwon, Y.-H. (2019). Effects of amount of slaking water on physical and chemical properties of handmade hydrated lime used for preservation of architectural heritage, JOURNAL OF THE ARCHITECTURAL INSTITUTE OF KOREA Structure & Construction, 35(2), 21-28. https://doi.org/10.5659/JAIK_SC.2019.35.2.21
  14. Kang, S.-H., Jeong, Y., Tan, K. H. & Moon, J. (2018). The use of limestone to replace physical filler of quartz powder in UHPFRC, Cement and Concrete Composites, 94, 238-247. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2018.09.013
  15. KS L 5105. (2007). Testing method for compressive strength of hydraulic cement mortars, Korean Agency for Technology and Standards, Republic of Korea, 9.
  16. KS L 5111. (2017). Flow table for use in test of hydraulic cement, Korean Agency for Technology and Standards, Republic of Korea, 8.
  17. KS L 9501. (2009). Industrial lime, Korean Agency for Technology and Standards, Republic of Korea, 8.
  18. Kwon, Y.-H., Kang, S.-H., Hong, S.-G. & Moon, J. (2017a). Acceleration of intended pozzolanic reaction under initial thermal treatment for developing cementless fly ash based mortar, Materials, 10(3), 225. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma10030225
  19. Kwon, Y.-H., Kang, S.-H., Hong, S.-G. & Moon, J. (2017b). Intensified pozzolanic reaction on kaolinite clay-based mortar, Applied Science, 7(5), 522. https://doi.org/10.3390/app7050522
  20. Kwon, Y.-H., Kang, S.-H., Hong, S.-G., & Moon, J. (2018). Enhancement of material properties of lime-activated slag mortar from intensified Pozzolanic reaction and pore filling effect, Sustainability, 10(11), 4290. https://doi.org/10.3390/su10114290
  21. Lee, S.-O. (2016). Manufacturing techniques of traditional lime mortars, Thesis, Korea National University of Cultural Heritage, 70.
  22. Lee, S.-O. & Chung, K.-Y. (2016). An experimental study on the firing performance and property of lime mortar for building in Joseon Dynasty, Journal of architectural history, 25(3), 37-45. https://doi.org/10.7738/JAH.2016.25.3.037
  23. Moon, J., Jeong, Y. & Kang, S.-H. (2018). Advanced analysis methods of hardened cement pastes, Magazine of the Korea Concrete Institute, 30(3), 38-43.
  24. Nunes, C., & Slizkova, Z. (2014). Hydrophobic lime based mortars with linseed oil: Characterization and durability assessment. Cement and Concrete Research, 61-62, 28-39. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconres.2014.03.011
  25. Scrivener, K., Snellings, R. & Lothenbach, B. (2016). A practical guide to microstructural analysis of cementitious materials, CRC Press, 540.