• Korean Journal of Social Welfare Studies
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• v.44 no.1
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• pp.89-111
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• 2013

This study set out to investigate factors affecting gender-role stereotype. Data came from National Welfare Panel Study of 2010 and the final sample size were 4,196 women and 3,703 men in Korea. Hierarchical regression analysis was used for the analysis. The major findings of this study are as follows. First, the olders, the married and the lower level of income showed more traditional gender-role attitudes. Second, the employed women have more egalitarian gender-role attitudes than the not-employed but the employed men showed more traditional gender-role attitudes. And the more educated women showed more egalitarian gender-role attitudes but men's gender-role attitudes had no difference according to the education level. Third, self-esteem did not affect gender-role attitudes. And limitations and implications of the findings from this study were discussed with respect to further studies.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.137-150
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• 1998

This study in investigated differences between father's involvement Behavior perceived by their children which consisted of both qualitative and quantitative behavior and Father's gender role attitude in korea and Japan. The research sample consists of 240, 4-5th grade Korean children and their fathers and 215, 5-6th grade Japanese children and their fathers in Seoul and Tokyo respectively,. Results showed that (1) Korean fathers exhibited more affectionate child rearing behavior than Japanese fathers. On the other han Japanese father exhibited more father's involvement behavior than Korean fathers (2) Korean fathers tended to show more traditional gender role attitude than Japanese fathers do. (3) In the both countries father's affectionate child rearing behavior are greatly affected by non-traditional gender role attitude whereas father's involvement are affected by length of time the that fathers devot to child care.

• The Korean Journal of Health Service Management
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.197-208
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• 2012

There's an opinion that it may be a combination of change of values and social economic factors that caused low fertility of Korean society. This study intends to analyze actual conditions of family children values and gender role centered on university students in a marriageable age so draw a policy implication for overcoming low fertility. Main findings of this study are like following. First, as for analysis of childbirth intention shows average score of $3.35{\pm}1.142$ presented sex distinction that men have a higher tendency to women. Second, in gender role attitudes, it shows that gender role related on women's social activities($2.06{\pm}0.739$), traditional gender role in family($2.41{\pm}0.789$) influence on childbirth intention (p<0.001). Third, in family children values indicates moderate scores($2.95{\pm}0.648$) that son's position in family ($2.33{\pm}0.911$), relation between children and parents($2.80{\pm}1.050$), individual's position in family($3.56{\pm}0.671$) influence on childbirth intention(p<0.000) in the traditional values. Measures against low fertility will prove effective when family values are established favorable to marriage, childbirth, rearing, gender equality is settled in a society as a whole and related systems.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Fundamentals of Nursing
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.282-289
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• 2009

Purpose: The purpose of this research wasto examine the relationships between gender role attitudes and barriers in Korean nurses when addressing patients' sexual health. Method: The sample for this study was a convenience sample of Korean nurses who worked in hospitals in Seoul and Jeonju. Data were collected between November 2008 and January 2009. Results: Nurses showed less traditional gender role attitudes with means score of 40.72 (SD=3.99) of a possible 10 to 50 range. The barriers to addressing patients' sexual health were moderate in these nurses with a mean score of 44.92 (SD=7.66) of a possible 12 to 60 range. There were significant correlations between gender role attitudes and barriers to addressing patients' sexual health (r= -.142, p= .007). Nurses with less traditional gender role attitudes felt more barriers to addressing patients' sexual health. Conclusion: This study demonstrates a need for educational programs that will improve the problem-solving abilities of nurses in a hospital environment and help them gain ground as sexual health specialists. The results may contribute to the development and application of a patient-centered sexual health-related curriculum, which would aid nurses in addressing sexual concerns of their patients.

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.1-14
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• 2014

The purpose of this study is to examine the effects of gender role attitudes and family service utilization on self-esteem among single parents. This study used data from the seventh wave of Korean Welfare Panel Study and analyzed 90 single parents. Hierarchical multiple regression analyses showed that health status, economic situation, gender role attitudes, and non-monetary family welfare service had significant effects on single parents' self-esteem. Single parents who had higher traditional gender role attitudes show lower levels of self-esteem. Also use of a non-monetary family service increased the levels of self-esteem. However, use of a monetary family service was not significantly associated with the levels of self-esteem. The findings indicate that services and programs to promote single parents' gender role flexibility should be developed. Also, it is necessary to establish a service system to reduce multiple role stress among single parents.

• Human Ecology Research
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• v.56 no.1
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• pp.1-14
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• 2018

Technology and Home Economics are associated with gender-related roles. In this respect, students' attitude toward these subjects may be influenced by gender equity awareness with attitudes that may perpetuate gender-biased images of subjects. This study examined the influence of gender equity awareness of middle school students on attitudes toward Technology and Home Economics. Data were collected through a survey to 442 students from eight purposively sampled middle schools in Seoul. Three gender equity awareness groups were identified through a cluster analysis: Equity in house work group (n=163), Traditional gender role group (n=102), and Equity in all areas group (n=152). The analyses of variances enabled an examination of the effects of gender and gender equity awareness. Differences were found among gender and gender equity awareness groups on attitudes toward Home Economics, but not toward Technology. Girls showed higher preference, higher perceived usefulness than boys, but with a lower importance for career preparation for Home Economics. Traditional gender role group scored the lowest on usefulness and importance for everyday life, yet highest on importance for career preparation. Equity in all areas group perceived lowest importance of Home Economics for career preparation. The results show that Home Economics is more strongly gender-typed than Technology, and that effort is needed to change the gender-biased image of the subject.

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.25-42
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• 2006

The purpose of this study was to investigate how the married middle-aged married men and women describe their own gender-role attitude, mid-life crisis and psychological adjustment, including search components as both middle-aged men and women's income, and education with occupation. Psychological adjustment was composed of mid-life crisis, depression, and perceived happiness, These data were collected from 397 married, middle aged men and women from 40 years to 59 years-old by using self-administered questionnaire method, The summarized results of the study are as follows: First of all, the middle-aged men's gender-role attitudes were more traditional gender-role attitudes 'than of women's. Second, in general characteristic, the men were different according to education, However, the women's gender-role attitudes were different according to ages, a period of marriage, education, income, and occupation. Third, in psychological adjustment, the men had significant differences in income. And, the women had significant differences in ages, a period of marriage, education, income, and occupation. Finally, the men and women's gender-role attitudes were positively correlated with mid-life crisis and depression, and were negatively correlated with happiness. And, the women's gender-role attitudes were positively correlated with psychological adjustment.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.19 no.5
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• pp.738-746
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• 1995

The purposes of this study were 1) to find out any significant relationships among genderlogy, gender identity of clothing, and attitudes toward unisex clothing, 2) to investi- gate differences in genderlogy, gender identity of clothing, and attitudes toward unisex clothing between female and male college students, 3) to understand the structual dimension of genderlogy. The theory of this study was Bem's androgyny sex role theory which suggested an individual's masculine and feminine sex role lied on separate lines rather than on a linear line. The research design was an ex post facto survey and the subjects were 222 female college students and 179 male students in Taejeon, Chungnam and Chungbuk province. Using the SPSS program, factor analysis, 1-test, Pearson correlation coefficient, and plot were calculated for statistical analysis. The findings of this study were summarized as follows: 1) The 1.test showed significant differences in genderloy, gender identity of clothing, attitudes toward unisex clothing between female and male college students. 2) There were significant relationship among genderlogy, gender identity of clothing, attitudes toward unisex clothing. 3) The moi or dimensions of genderlogy were found to be traditional sex role and equal sex roles. There were only moderate negative relationship between traditional and equal sex roles and these two dimensions affected differently on the gender identity of clothing, as well as the attitudes toward unisex clothing, therefore traditional sex roles and equal sex roles seemed to lie on separate lines, and the androgyny sex role theory was supported.

• International Journal of Costume and Fashion
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• v.3
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• pp.107-120
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• 2003

The purpose of this study was to examine the differences in the clothing image perception of elderly women according to the clothing types, the clothing colors, the perceiver's sex-role attitude, and gender. Result of factor analysis revealed that the dimensions of clothing image perception was classified into four categories: evaluation, youth, warmth, and activity. Perceiver's sex-role attitude and gender gave a significant influence on the perception of evaluation factor. Youth factor had an interaction effect on the clothing types, clothing colors, and sex-role attitudes. The persons with a conservative sex-role attitude perceived the clothing image of warm color suits as younger than the one of cold colors. The clothing image of a warm colored Hanbok (Korean traditional dress) was perceived milder than a cold one, but there were no difference in suits. Bright color suits make the wearer look younger, and cold color suits make the wearer look active. The clothing color had greater influences on the warmth and the evaluation factor than clothing types. Persons who have a conservative sex-role attitude perceived the differences according to clothing types and colors in a traditional way. It could be certified that perceiver's sex-role attitude was one of the variables influencing his/her perception in social interaction.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.129-145
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• 2016

This study focuses on the differences in family values, which is a cause of family dissolution and conflicts of marriage immigrant women. This study was conducted on 441 women in Vietnam. It was done to explore their family values. Specifically, the following were examined: the overall family values and martial status of Vietnamese women; differences in their family values by region (northern, central, southern). The survey questionnaire consists of the following content: 'family perception'; 'gender-role values'; 'elderly parent support value'. The characteristics of family values of Vietnamese women are as follows. First, the scope of family perceived by them was relatively narrow. In particular, most of them didn't perceive the parents of a spouse as a familymember. Second, in terms of gender-roles, they perceived men and women as equal and didn't have strong perception of traditional gender roles. Third, they felt strongly about supporting elderly parents. The perception of supporting elderly parents is based on equal gender roles, instead of the paternalistic approach. They preferred financial support to living with parents. There were also differences in family values by region. Also, their values seemed to be the opposite of the ones well-known by region. In addition, their values were changing amid economic growth and modernization. Residents in Can Tho in the south - known to have open-minded Southeast Asian values - had the most patrilineal, traditional values with strong perception towards supporting elderly parents. Residents in Hanoi in the north - known to have heavy influence of Confucian culture - had non-traditional values with positive attitude towards liberal sex culture, divorce, and remarriage. Residents in Da Nang, a central region, had a mixture of northern and southern characteristics in terms of family values.