• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.511-513
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• 1998

Tomato fruits(Lycopersicon esculentum $M_{ILL}$.) picked at mature (from mature green to breaker) and ripe (from pink to red) stage were packed into two layers in corrugated fiberbox and transported 200km and 400km from the harvested site. Loss (abrasion + cracking) in marketability was lowest (11.0%) from mature + 200km transport, followed by mature + 400km transport(13.5%), ripe + 200km transport(28.5%), and ripe + 400km transport (45.5%). When data were pooled by fruit maturity, firmness of mature fruit was 1.55 times higher than ripe fruit. However, vitamin C content was 1.25 times higher in ripe fruit than in mature fruit. Fruit transported longer distance and packed in bottom layer within a box exhibited lower firmness and vitamin C content in both maturity. It was concluded that it is desirable to transport relatively shorter distance for ripe tomato and longer distance for less ripe fruit.

• Korean Journal Plant Pathology
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• v.14 no.6
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• pp.744-746
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• 1998

Control effect of acidified nutrient solution on bacterial wilt of tomato plants was tested by examining the degree of bacterial growth inhibition and plant damage due to the acidity. Ralstonia solanacearum, the causal bacterium of bacterial wilt of tomato plants, showed 105 times population reduction when the bacterium was cultured in the acidified nutrient solution (pH 3.5∼4.0). However, fruit yields were decreased only fifteen to twenty percents. These results suggest that control of the bacterial wilt of tomato plants may be possible with supplying acidified nutrient solution.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.385-391
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• 2013

In this study, the availability of slurry composting and biofiltration (SCB) solution as an alternative for synthetic nutrient solution was determined by monitoring the growth, fruit yield, and fruit quality of cherry tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L. 'Unicon'). Treatments for nutrient solution were consist of SCB 1/2N, 1N, 2N, and commercial nutrient solution 1N (CNS 1N) based on nitrogen concentration (218.32 $mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$) of cherry tomato nutrient solution (control 1N). All nutrient solution including SCB solution (440~520 mL per day) was supplied to rock wool medium using a timer. After 31 days of transplanting, fresh and dry weights of shoots, leaf area, plant height, stem diameter, SPAD value and number of node were measured. After measuring growth characteristics of tomato plants, total fruit yield, ratio of marketable fruit yield, fruit weight, total soluble solids content, total acidity, total phenolic concentration, and antioxidant capacity were determined once a week for 7 weeks. As a result, among the SCB treatments, SCB 1/2N was similar to control 1N and CNS 1N in terms of fresh and dry weights of shoots, leaf area, stem diameter, number of node, and SPAD value. Increased N concentration of SCB inhibited the growth of tomato plants. Total fruit yield of SCB 1/2N was 47% of that of control 1N which showed the best result. Percentage of marketable fruit yield in SCB 1/2N was about 58%. Soluble solids contents, total acidity, total phenolic concentration and antioxidant capacity was the highest in SCB 2N and the other treatments were not shown any difference. Blossom-end rot rarely occurred in control 1N and CNS 1N while SCB treatments without Ca induced the physiological disorder of 7~19%. In conclusion, SCB 1/2N was good for the vegetative growth of cherry tomato plants but reduced yield and quality of fruit compared with control 1N and CNS 1N. Thus, it is possible to apply SCB solution to grow cherry tomato plants hydroponically but in the consideration of fruits yield and quality additional supply of several minerals would be required.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.300-313
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• 2017

'Unicon' cherry tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) is one of the most highly perishable horticultural crops due to its high water content and respiration rate. This study was carried out to assess the effect of continuous application of $CO_2$ (control [air], 3%, and 5%) on the quality and shelf life of cherry tomato fruits stored at $10^{\circ}C$ and $85{\pm}5%$ relative humidity (RH) at two maturity stages (pink and red). Continuous application of $CO_2$ did not affect the soluble solids content (SSC) or titratable acidity (TA) of the fruit at either maturity stage during storage. However, there was a significant difference among treatments in terms of flesh firmness, cell wall thickness, pectin content, vitamin C content, skin color, lycopene content, weight loss, ethylene production rate, respiration rate, and acetaldehyde and ethanol production. Fruits treated with 5% $CO_2$ maintained their high quality with regards to vitamin C, skin color ($a^*$), lycopene content, weight loss, physiological parameters (ethylene production rate, respiration rate, and volatile compounds), flesh firmness, cell wall thickness, and pectin content at both maturity stages compared with 3% $CO_2$ treatment and the control. Continuous application of $CO_2$ (5%) reduced the ethylene production rate and the production of volatile compounds during storage. Therefore, cherry tomato 'Unicon' fruit can be stored for two weeks without losing fruit quality at both maturity stages under continuous application of 5% $CO_2$ as a postharvest treatment.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.184-190
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• 2003

Finite element method(FEM) was used to obtain an approximate solution, since the mathematical formulations for the problem are complex and cannot be solved analytically. In this study, the fruit as well as the aluminum support on vibrator are discretized into small elements, and the approximate functions are used to describe the displacements in each element in terms of nodal values, and because of the complexity of the problem of viscoelastic materials such as the fruit and vegetables, it was necessary to validate the modeling approach before pear simulations were performed, and the finite element modeling approach was first validated by comparing the results obtained from simulation and experiment for the pear in the frequency range 3 to 150 Hz and acceleration level of 0.25 G-rms. Based on the relatively good agreement between simulated and measured frequencies for the pear, finite element models of tomato and oriental melon were created to study the vibration characteristics of the fruit and vegetables. The resonance frequencies of the pear, tomato and oriental melon using FEM were 62.50, 39.45 and 62.73 Hz and the peak accelerations of them using FEM were 2.21, 1.38 and 1.98 G-rms.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.115-117
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• 1999

Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) fruits were grown by the hydroponic cultivation system using perlite and soil cultivation system. The growth, yield, and fruit quality were compared between two growing seasons of spring and summer and two cultivation systems, respectively. In tomato, little difference was observed in growth and yield between two cultivation systems, but plant growth and total yield of fruits were much more in summer than in spring. The contents of glucose and fructose were more in spring-grown fruit than in summer-grown one, and in hydroponically cultivated fruit than in soilcultivated, respectively. The weight loss during room temperature storage was lower in hydroponically cultivated fruit than in soil-cultivated one, and in summer-grown fruit than in spring-grown one, respectively. In terms of color change, the shelf-life of tomato fruit was shorter by one day in summer-grown one fruit than in spring-grown one, and in hydroponcically cultivated one fruit than in soil-cultivated, respectively.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.390-400
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• 2012

Eight potato-producing provinces of Iran were surveyed during the growing seasons of 2004-2006 to detect the presence of Tomato yellow fruit ring virus (TYFRV), a tentative species in the genus Tospovirus. A total of 1,957 potato leaf samples were collected from plants with tospovirus-like symptoms of chlorotic or necrotic spots, chlorosis and necrosis. The samples were tested by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay using TYFRV-specific antibodies. Among those tested, 498 samples (25.4%) were found to be infected with the virus. The virus was detected in 72.4% of the potato fields in all provinces surveyed. Thirteen potato isolates of TYFRV were selected for further biological and molecular studies. Based on their reactions on Nicotiana tabacum plants, the isolates were separated into two groups, namely L (local infection) and N (systemic infection). The nucleotide sequences of the nucleoprotein (N) genes of the isolates were determined and compared with the homologous sequences in Genbank. No recombination evidence was found in the isolates using different recombination-detecting programs. In the phylogenetic tree, the potato isolates fell into two major groups: IRN-1 and IRN-2 corresponding to the two biologically separated groups. This study shows for the first time the biological and phylogenetic relationships of geographically distant TYFRV isolates from potatoes in the mid-Eurasian country of Iran.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.52-57
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• 1994

The external qualities of cherry tomato fruits(Lycopersicon esculentum) grown in circulating deep flow hydroponic culture were non - destructively estimated in 1992 under warm climate conditions and evaluated in 1993-1994 under cool season. The fruit size of ‘Minicarol’ was by far the smallest compared to ‘Chelseamini’ and ‘Popo’. There were high correlations between external qualities of fruits-lengthwise growth harmonized with widthwise growth. The volume and/or weight of fruit could be non -destructively estimated by length and width of fruit. Volume=0.071$\times$ (length+width)$^3$＋0.451, Fresh weight=0.072$\times$ (length+width)$^3$＋0.542. These models were accurately evaluated by fruits harvested in 1994.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.17 no.2 s.82
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• pp.254-259
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• 2007

Biochemical characterization of lectin isolated from fruit of cherry tomato through neutral saline extraction, ammonium sulfate precipitation, and affinity chromatography on Sephadex G-200 was studied. The lectin was agglutinated by trypsin-treated human ABO erythrocytes, and the most pronounced activity of agglutination was observed at B type erythrocyte. The analysis of the lectin by SDS-PAGE showed the high intensity band with molecular weights of 10.7 kDa. The optimal temperature and thermal stability of the lectin was $40^{\circ}C$ and $40-60^{\circ}C$, respectively. The maximal pH of this lectin was pH 7.2.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.181-187
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• 2002

The overall objective of this study was to improve tomato fruit quality, while maximizing yield. The variety of 'Momotaro' was grown in the basic nutrient solution of 1.6 dS.m$^{[-10]}$ which was supplemented by three levels of seawater with EC 1.0, 2.0 or 3.0 dS.m$^{[-10]}$ . Tomato plants were cultivated in cool seasons. Plant growth characteristics were compared between treatments, and fruits were classified to analyse fruit quality characteristics according to ripening stages： MG, Br, Br＋3, Br＋5, Br＋7 and Br＋10. Adding seawater generally did not affect the shoot growth parameters such as plant height, leaf length, leaf width, internode length and chlorophyll content. Adding seawater negatively affected yield parameters such as the height and weight of fruit, marketable fruit weight per plant and marketable fruit yield. Therefore, the more yield reduction was obtained with the increasing level of seawater treatment. Fruit quality was improved by seawater treatment. The degree of the effect for $^{\circ}$Bx degree and sugars were the highest with the EC of seawater 2.0~3.0 dS.m$^{[-10]}$ , and at the Br＋5~Br＋7 of ripening stages. The relative abundance of tomato flavor, volatile components, was not generally affected by the seawater treatment with an exception of 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one. The relative abundance of most volatile components increased as ripening progressed. The increment began at the Br stage and showed the highest increment at the Br＋5~Br＋7 stages. The results from these experiments suggest that seawater treatment of EC 3.6 dS.m$^{[-10]}$ for hydroponics is good for improving tomato quality. Fruit quality is the best at the Br＋5~Br＋7 ripening stages. It is considered that these results may be applied far use in hydroponic culture to improve fruit quality with minimum yield reduction.