• Journal of Information Management
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.21-34
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• 2000

In recent year, much progress has been made in understanding the application of the chaos in the engineering. In the electrical engineering, electronics, communication, mechanical, chemistry as well as mathematics, physics, there are extended to the application of chaos. In this review, I explained chaos engineering application and future application possibility.

• Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.1-7
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• 2006

The measured mean activities of $^{226}Ra,\;^{232}Th,\;^{40}K\;and\;^{137}Cs$ in the soil of Bahawalpur, Bahawalnagar and Rahimyar Khan Bistricts were 32.9, 53.6, 647.4 and 1.8 Bq $kg^{-1}$. The average absorbed dose rate calculated from these activities was 74.3 nGy $h^{-1}$ and the mean annual effective dose rate was found to be 0.46 mSv $y^{-1}$. Absorbed doses to different body organs were derived from annual effective doses using tissue weighting factors. Radiation induced fatal cancer risks were assessed by using ICRP 60 Model. Estimations incurred 184deaths per year due to cancer.

• Interdisciplinary Bio Central
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.6.1-6.7
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• 2013

Many insects such as mosquitoes cause life-threatening diseases such as malaria, yellow fever and West Nile virus. Malaria alone infects 500 million people annually and causes 1-3 million death per year. Volatile insect repellents, which are detected through the sense of smell, have long been used to protect humans against insect pests. Antifeed-ants are non-volatile aversive compounds that are detected through the sense of taste and prevent insects from feeding on plants. The molecular targets and signaling path-ways required for sensing insect repellents and antifeedants are poorly understood. Transient Receptor Potential (TRP) Ca2+-permeable cation channels exist in organisms ranging from C. elegans to D. melanogaster and Homo sapiens. Drosophila has 13 family members, which mainly function in sensory physiology such as vision, thermotaxis and chemotaxis. G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) initiate olfactory signaling cascades in mammals and in nematodes C.elegans. However, the mechanisms of G protein signaling cascades in insect chemosensation are controversial. In this review, I will discuss the putative roles of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) and Transient Receptor Potential (TRP) channels as targets for insect repellents.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.194-196
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• 2004

A 12-year old neutered male Yorkshire terrier dog was presented to the Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital of Seoul National University with a history of chronic intermittent diarrhea, vomiting, anorexia and weight loss of 2-months duration. On presentation, he was very cachexic and had ascites. Abnormal findings on a complete blood count and chemistry profile included mild anemia, leukocytosis, panhypoproteinemia, hypocholesterolemia, decreased blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and increased serum bile acids. Radiographic findings indicated microhepatica. Peritoneal fluid analysis was consistent with transudates (total protein < 2.5 g/dl, total nucleated cell count = 2,200/ul) and cytologic examination of the fluid revealed neoplastic lymphoblasts. From these findings hepatic dysfunction and protein-losing enteropathy were attributable to abdominal lymphoma. This case suggests that cytologic examination is important in diagnosing underlying diseases of ascites, even if it is transudative effusion.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.9
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• pp.9-27
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• 1968

Studies were carried out in order to elucidate chemical components and microflora in three types of soy-sauce, 12-year aged soy-sauce prepared by improved method. 7-year aged and 20-year aged soy-sauce prepared by ordinary method. They results are summarized as follows: 1. The followings are found to be the important factors affecting the quality of soy sauce. a. Organic acids, reducing sugars and free amino acids were increased in the course of storage. b. In the aged soy-sauces under study non-volatile organic acid increased while volatile organic acid decreased and the total acidity was dependent only upon tie latter. c. It was found that suit concentration decreased during the storage. 2. The results of investigation of microflora in the stored soy-sauce are shown as follows. Soy-sauce Improved Ordinary Microbe 12-Y. 20-Y. 7-Y. Aerobic bacteria colony/1ml. 6 123 2 Halophilic lactic acid bacteria colony/1ml. 4 6 10 Osmophilic yeast colony/1ml. $828{\times}10^4$ 248 - b. In the stored soy-sauces, aerobic bacteria are incapable of growing due to drop in pH value and the influence of salt concentration. c. Halophilic lactic acid bacteria are incapable of growing due to drop in pH value, even the salt concentrations decreased during the storage. d. Osmophilic yeast are still growing in low pH value and in the decreasing salt concentration during the strage. 3. The results of amino acid analysis by paper partition chromatographic and calorimetric methods are shown as follows. a. Fourteen kinds of amino acid and thirteen amino acids were detected in the soy-sauce of 12-year aged improved soy-sauce and 7-year aged and 20-year aged ordinary one, respectively. b. The contents of aspartic acid, glutamic acid, serine, valine, leucine, lysine, histidine and methionine increased in the 20-year aged ordinary soy-sauce compared to the 7-year aged one. On the other hand those of alanine, tyrosine, phenylalanine and cystine decreased. 4. The results of sugar analysis by paper chromatography are as follows. a. In the 12-year aged improved soy-sauce, galactose, glucose, arabinose, xylose, rhamnose, maltose and an unknown were detected, and their amounts were in the above order except maltose and an unknown. b. Both in the 7 and 12-year aged ordinary soy-sauces, galactose, arabinose, xylose, glucose and rhamnose were detected and the amounts of the sugars were in the above order. c. In the non-aged ordinary soy-sauce, glucose was not detected but detected from 7-year and 20-year aged ordinary soy-sauce. 5. The results of organic acid analysis by paper chromatography were as follows. a. As volatile acids, acetic, propionic and butyric acids were detected in the 7-year aged ordinary soy-sauce. On the other hand in both the 20-year aged ordinary soy-sauce and the 12-year aged improved ones, only acetic acid was abundant while propionic and butyric acids were round in trace. It was found that propionic and butyric acids, as the unpleasant flavor components, decreased during the storage. b. In the ordinary soy-sauce, citric acid were produced during the storage and lack, malic and tartaric acids increased in the course of aging while succinic, glycolic, fumaric and malonic acids were shown to decrease. Glutaric and oxalic acids disappeared. Citric acid was produced also in the improved soy-sauce, but lactic, tartaric, succinic, malic, and glycolic acids decreased, while both malonic and glutaric acids disappeared. From the above results the citric acid production was considered to be a favorable factor for the taste. c. In the aged soy-sauces, pyruvic, α-ketoglutaric and probably acetoacetic and oxaloacetic acids (both in trace) were present and their amounts were in the above order. All of the α-keto acid abruptly decreased during the storage.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.203-208
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• 1998

A two-year-old male Chinese Shar poi dog was admitted to the hospital because of chronic diarrhea. Abnormalities detected on physical examination were thickened intestinal loops and thin or cachexic body condition.4 complete blood count revealed a mild neutrophilia. The blood chemistry panel indicated no significant abnormalities. On proctoscopic examinations colonic mucosa was reddened and edematous. Numerous Iymphocytes, plasma cells and epithelial cells were observed in the cytologic examination of the rectal scraping.4 treatment was initiated with sulfasalazinei metronidazole and prednisolone and dietary management with rice and cottage cheese was performed simultaneously. Although antibiotic therapy and dietary management were donee the dog's condition deteriorated and died suddenly. Lymphocytic-plasmacytic enterocolitis was diagnosed by postmortem pathologic examination.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.66 no.3
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• pp.228-242
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• 2022

In this study, the educational effect was investigated by providing a teaching program so that pre-service chemistry teachers could apply model ignorance education to teacher training practice. The teaching program was constructed in consideration of the sensemaking concept proposed in the study of Odden & Russ and the process of teacher sensemaking proposed by Asli et al. The subjects of this study were 23 pre-service teachers in the 4th year of chemistry education department at a teacher training university in the central region of Korea. In order to form a sensemaking for the model's ignorance education, the teaching program consisted of four stages; the initial idea generation stage, cognition of model's ignorance stage in a inconsistent situation, the lesson strategy construction stage for model ignorance education, and lesson plan & practice stage during teacher training practice. In the first stage of this program, pre-service teachers' initial ideas about the Arrhenius model and Bronsted-Lowry model of acid-base reaction, and the electron transfer model of the oxidation-reduction reaction were investigated. In the second stage, inconsistant situation that cannot be explained by the knowledge of model was presented to recognize the ignorance of the model. The third stage was to develop the teaching ability of model's ignorance through textbook analysis and lesson strategy composition activities. As a final stage, during the teacher training practice, the pre-service teachers were asked to plan and practice the implementation of the model's ignorance education. Through the teaching program to form a sensemaking for ignorance education of the models, pre-service teachers had come to recognize the ignorance of the model, acquired ability to organize and execute lesson strategies reflecting model ignorance, and acquired recognition of the educational value and necessity of teaching the ignorance of models.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.51 no.6
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• pp.549-559
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• 2007

The purpose of this study was to investigate cognitive acceleration effect of the experimental group over three years compared with the control group through the ‘Thinking Science' program in the middle school students. The ‘Thinking Science' program was implemented to 168 students in 7th grade over a period of two years. After implementation of the ‘Thinking Science' program, the improvement of formal thinking ability of the students was almost twice examined with SRT VII as the post-test and the delayed test. It was shown that by the end of the implementation period the experimental group had achieved a significantly greater gain score in levels of cognitive development than had the control group. In the subsequent year during which there was no further implementation, the experimental group continued to develop at the same rate as the control group. However, it is clear that much more experimental students in mature concrete operational stage shifted to formal operational stage in delayed test. The results were also analyzed by gender, and cognitive levels of the students. In the post-test, the ratio of girls that shifted to formal operation stage in the experimental group increased as compared with the ratio of boys, while, in the delayed test cognitive level of boys was more effective than that of girls.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.43 no.1
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• pp.36-43
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• 2010

Changes in runoff and soil erosion at slightly hilly erosive plots with pear trees over a three-year period were monitored under two distinct types of weed treatment by herbides : (1) pre-emergence herbicide with glyphosate; (2) post-emergence herbicide with paraquat. The numbers of rainfall events from June to Nov for three years of experimental periods were approximately 50 times in the plots having 5.5%to 10.2%slope at an altitude of 125 m. The steady-state infiltration rate was generally increased in the bare plot from which all weeds were removed while it was decreased in the herbicide treated plots and control. The runoffs from the control plot during the experimental periods were always less than those from plots of the herbicide-treated and the bare. The runoff under the same rainfall intensity was decreased in the order of bare, glyphosate, paraquat, and control. This results indicated that the removal time of weed by the different types of herbicides might influenced the runoff rate. For the first two years of the experimental periods, loss of fine fraction was much greater than that of coarse fraction while soil loss was correlated neither with total rainfall nor amount of runoff. The soil erosion rate under the same rainfall intensity was increased in the order of control, glyphosate, paraquat, and bare plot. However, there were not much differences in the soil loss for all plots under a relatively lower rainfall intensity less than 30 mm $day^{-1}$, resulting in rainfall intensity was important factor on soil erosion.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.36 no.6
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• pp.463-468
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• 1993

In order to elucidate the translocation of the systemic insecticide, phosphamidon (2-chloro-2-diethylcarbamoyl-1-methylvinyl dimethyl phosphate), treated to pine trees against pine leaf gall midges (Thecodiplosis japonensis Uchida et Inouye), $[vinyl,\;carbonyl-^{14}C]$ phosphamidon was implanted into the trunks of 10-year-old Korean red pine (Pinus densiflora Sieb. et Zucc.) and Japanese black pine (Pinus thunbergii Parl.), respectively. The upward movement rates of the chemical within Korean red pine in July and Japanese black pine in December were ca. 10 cm/hr and 2 cm/hr, respectively. The original radioactivity level persisted up to 75 days after treatment throughout the whole tree in Korean red pine in July, whereas it did up to 150 days in Japanese black pine in December. The chemical was translocated up to the top at the insecticidal level within 3 days after treatment in July, whereas in December it was within 15 days. The translocation of the chemical was much dependent upon pine tree species and the treated season. Methanol was suitable for the extraction of phosphamidon and its metabolites from pine needles. Autoradiography of the methanol extracts of pine needles collected from the treated pine trees proved that phosphamidon broke down very quickly within pine trees (ca. 80% metabolized within 7 days).