• 대한음성학회지:말소리
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• 제25_26호
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• pp.3-26
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• 1993

The goals of the present study were (3) to collect and analyze sets of fundamental frequency (F0) and formant frequency (F1, F2, F3) data of Korean diphthongs from ten linguistically homogeneous speakers of Korean males, and (2) to make a comparative study of Korean monophthongs and diphthongs. Various definitions, kinds, and previous studies of diphthongs were examined in the introduction. Procedures for screening subjects to form a linguistically homogeneous group, time point selection and formant determination were explained in the following section. The principal findings were as follows: 1. Much variation was observed in the ongliding part of diphthongs. 2. F2 values of (j) group descended while those of [w] group ascended, 3. The average duration of diphthongs were about 110 msec, and there was not much variation between speakers and diphthongs. 4. In a comparative study of monophthongs and diphthongs, Fl and F2 values of the same offgliding part at the third time point almost converged. 5. The gliding of diphthongs was very short beginning from the h-noise. Perceptual studies using speech synthesis are desirable to find major parameters for diphthongs. The results of the present study wi11 be useful in the area of automated speech recognition and computer synthesis of speech.

• 한국생활과학회지
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.407-421
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• 2015

This study examined the pixel's expression trend and nature featured in contemporary fashion, which works as a basic unit symbolizing the digital image, paying attention to its formativeness. The work through this process aimed at suggesting an opportunity for recognition about pixel image utilized as a formative component beyond its simple meaning of unit and providing the fundamental materials for usage in creative fashion design reflecting the digital emotion in the future, In research method, literature review was followed on pixel and the empirical study about its image was also performed that was found in the modern fashion. As a result, the trend in pixel has these characteristics. Its first nature lies in its plane expression. It was printed as mosaic or graphic grid image or expressed through patchwork technique. Also, rather than a certain form or figure, its unique image was emphasized according to the applied color, size, and position. Second, a stepwise pattern in pixel was applied to external format for part of clothing, eye glass and necktie, indicating some interest and wit. Third, in application to plane and external shape, the graphically modernized effect was realized, not to mention the illusive image with cubic expression. As shown, the characteristics in contemporary fashion via pixel expression were given in fantastic image, optical humor, and reflection of digital value.

• 농촌계획
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.1-12
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• 2020

This study aimed to define characteristics of mountain village landscapes perceived by locals to sustainably preserve and manage mountain village landscapes. We selected landscape resources of mountain villages by reviewing previous studies and conducting field surveys and surveyed mountain villages' locals to investigate the characteristics of their perceptions of the mountain village landscapes. The surveys were conducted from March to October 2019, in the form of 1:1 questionnaire survey. In consequence, highly reliable 150 responses were analyzed. IPA method(Revised Importance-Performance Analysis) was used in the analysis. It is found that, in landscapes, the first quadrant is 'Cultivated land, Forest', the second quadrant is 'Coastal, Forestry and Agriculture Facility', the third quadrant is 'Forest Service·Profitable Facility, Settlement, History and Culture', and the fourth quadrant is 'Riparian, Street'. In conclusion, locals of mountain villages are perceiving the mountain village landscapes based on their livelihoods and daily lives, and the mountain village landscapes are closely related to their lives. The results of this study are expected to be utilized as fundamental resources in establishing policies regarding sustainable conservation and management of mountain village landscapes which led by locals.

• 복식문화연구
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.245-260
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• 2010

Collaboration among various fields appear according to rising of snack culture, polarizing phenomenon by a point to value, consumer behavior change giving importance to direct experience, and arrival of high touch age satisfied various needs and desires of consumer. Collaboration progressed limited edition form utilizes famous artist and designer's fame to promote products and upgrade their brand image through a short period agreement. This research aims at analysis about collaboration phenomenon in collaboration manners and characteristics, and understands changed socio-cultural meaning through collaboration expressed in almost all industry for high speedy changing fashion environment. This research utilizes between theoretical study and empirical analysis. For concentrated study, research period limits from 2007 to the present time 2009. This paper's purpose is studying on the socio-cultural meaning through analysis about characteristics of the trend of collaboration expressed in contemporary fashion. This research's results are as follow as; First, common life toward aesthetic surrounding, Second, introduction of high concept, Third, the power of Homo Consmus, Forth, focusing on the intangible elements and the value. This study intends to predict change of fashion design and fashion market for complicated consumer, and present fundamental materials about fashion industry and design development of the future through consideration on concrete aspect and meaning of collaboration expressed in contemporary fashion.

• 조형예술학연구
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• 제4권
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• pp.123-146
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• 2002

[ $\lceil$ ]The Life of Pigeons$\rfloor$ consists of seven different canvases without a leading image It contains fragments of disassociated ordinary subjects from a capitalistic and consuming society. In this respect, the text itself attains multiple meanings throughout with inner disharmony, disassociation and relationships of differences. The divided seven images look as if they are connected as one and are connected events that are happening at the same time and in similar places. A liberal interpretation of this work is given to viewers when the seven canvases have both relations and gaps at the same time. $\lceil$The Life of Pigeons$\rfloor$ attempts the viewer's disruption through its middle stratum of meaning structure, which is a device for viewers to rearrange and deeply analyze the seven images. As a result, the artist allows the viewers to get lost in self-contradiction. A fundamental formal structure adopting post-modernism and abandoning modernism is what we can detect with detailed analysis of the work. For instance, changing surface style appears by dividing or putting images in obliquely, furthermore it clearly shows that the main subject is divided in form such as the subject's division into seven spaces. There are three major characteristics. First, the form of the images is divided and composed through oblique and overlapped images. Second, the main content of the subject tends to be scattered. Third, the subjects are interpreted in multiple meanings due to their allegory and symbolism. The inquiry of $\lceil$The Life of Pigeons$\rfloor$ proves that it takes a post artistic spirituality as its basis and its subjects are divided by the differences and surrounding relationships.

• 한국응급구조학회지
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• 제10권3호
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• pp.61-70
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• 2006

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to develop a realistic illustration using watercolors on a complete airway obstruction maneuver that is at an appropriate level for elementary school students from the first grade through the third. The illustration is a series of cuts divided into specific frames designed to illustrate the method to be followed in an action or a practical skill that would otherwise be too difficult to explain in written form. Methods: The fundamental theory of the Jeong In-Sung's instruction learning program based on the WEB to construct an appropriate site of instruction learning was used after modification. In this study analysis, design, and production stages were realized. Results: 1. In Stage 1, impressions of the illustration, in sketch form, were received. In Stage 2, results of impressions from a modified illustration were received. After an appropriate level of understanding and accuracy in the practical steps for emergency maneuvers were achieved the illustrations entering Stage 3 and color was added to the sketches. 2. In Stage 3, the illustration was completed by adding color to the contents for the practical steps in the complete airway obstruction maneuver. 3. For composition evaluation, a result of 100% appropriateness was obtained for both items of harmony between illustration and subject being studied and sufficiency in quantity of illustrations. Also high results for appropriateness in items such as clarity, creating interest, illustration size, and tone preference as related to content were achieved and thus completed the production stages. Conclusion: The Complete Airway Obstruction Maneuver Illustration developed specifically for the characteristics and cognitive level of elementary school students grade 1 through grade 3 was appropriate for teaching and learning. There is a need for future research on developed illustrations aimed at elementary school students grade 1 through 3 on the complete airway obstruction maneuver. There is also a need for continued effort in developing certified evaluating tools that can judge the suitability of illustrations and developing illustrations related to emergency maneuvers for various subjects and appropriate for learner level.

• 디자인학연구
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• 제12권4호
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• pp.283-292
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• 1999

최근 들어 네트 을 활용할 수 있는 사회기초 기반구축의 빠른 진척과 더불어 교육환경에서 네트 및 멀티미디어 서비스의 활용에 대한 대내외적 요구는 빠른 속도로 증가하고 있는 반면, 이러한 요구를 충족시켜줄 만한 디지털 시스템을 기반으로 하는 교육 시나이로에 대한 연구는 그 다지 쉽게 찾아 볼 수 없는 실정이다. 특히 시청각 교육을 위주로 하는 교육환경(미술, 디자인 등)에서의 디지털 시스템의 활용에 관한 연구는 데이터베이스의 구조에 관한 연구를 제외하고는 거의 전무한 형편이다. 21세기의 국가 디자인 경쟁력 향상을 위해서도 산재되어 있는 디자인 자료를 디지털화 하여 언제 어디서나 열람할 수 있게 하는 시스템의 개발이 시급한 때이다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 다음과 같은 세 가지의 목적을 가지고 수행되었다. 첫째, 디자인 데이터 베이스 구성요소 추출 및 분류체계 개발. 둘째, 디자인 데이터 베이스 구성요소 추출 및 분류체계 개발. 마지막으로, 디자인 데이터 베이스 활용 방법 개발. 본 목적에 의거하여 두 가지 방향성에 의하여 기초 조사가 수행되었다. 첫째는 기존의 디자인 분류 체계에 관한 체계적 분석이었으며, 둘째는 기초 조형 교육의 교육내용 및 과정분석이 이루어 졌다. 분석된 결과를 토대로 본 연구에서는 다음과 같은 결과를 얻을 수 있었다. 첫째, 디자인 데이터의 감성적 평가에 대한 교육적 요구를 수용하기 위하여 이미지 데이터에 고정적 구성요소이외에 감성요소를 수용할 수 있는 가변적 구성요소를 부가하여 구조를 설계하였다. 둘째, 디자인 데이터 베이스를 운용하여 기초 조형 교육에 활용할 수 있는 체계를 개발하였다. 그리고 마지막으로, 디자인 데이터 베이스 활용 Application의 프로세스가 시나리오 기반 디자인 방법론에 의거하여 개발되어 졌으며, 또한 그에 합당한 UI 도 개발되어졌다.

• 무역상무연구
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• 제33권
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• pp.121-144
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• 2007

The International Chamber of Commerce has been the world's leading organization in the field of international commercial dispute resolution. Established in 1923 as the arbitration body of ICC, the International Court of Arbitration has pioneered international commercial arbitration as it is known today. The ICC International Court of Arbitration is the world's foremost institution in the resolution of international business disputes. While most arbitration institutions are regional or national in scope, the ICC Court is truly international. The purpose of this paper is to examine their advantages and to introduce main contents provided in ICC Rules of Arbitration as follows; First, before the actual merits of the case can be addressed, the Arbitral Tribunal must first draw up the Terms of Reference. The Terms of Reference should include the particulars listed in the ICC Rules. Apart from the full names and description of the parties and arbitrators, the place of arbitration and a summary of the parties' respective claims, they contain particulars concerning the applicable procedural rules and any other provisions required to make the Award enforceable at law Second, the Scrutiny is a fundamental feature of ICC arbitration and is one that distinguishes it from the other major international arbitration rules. The scrutiny system has two aspects ; the first is to identify or modify the defects of form, while the second is to draw the arbitrators' attention to points of substance. Third, as soon as practicable, the Court fixes an advance on costs intended to cover the estimated fees and expenses of the arbitrators, as well as the administrative expenses of ICC. Specially, the advance on costs fixed by the Court shall be payable in equal shares by the Claimant and Respondent. Finally, the parties are also free to select the arbitrator or arbitrators of their choice. The Court or the Secretary General confirms arbitrators nominated by the parties. Taking a step forward, to upgrade the quality of the award of KCAB, it is desirable to consider how to incorporate the main contents of the ICC Arbitration into Korea Commercial Arbitration Rules.

• 대한건축학회논문집:계획계
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• 제35권10호
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• pp.115-126
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• 2019

Existing buildings in urban parks are a kind of thing that has been settled and occupied on the site of an unexecuted park. The aim of this study is to identify nature by analyzing the causality and path-dependency through the transformation of the relevant system. The scope of the study was set up as a system for the occupancy of urban parks from 1934 when the building restriction system was established to 2000 when purchase claim (매수청구권) was introduced. The method of study was to get correlation by harmonizing the external and internal mechanisms affecting the relevant institution. The related system showed a modest change in the fourth stage, polymerizing the initial system. In the 1950s and 1960s, the existing buildings in urban parks were 'disguised' by government and the 'regulation' principle was applied since 1967. In the 1980s, the principle of 'protection' and 'support' for parks was added, but in the 1990s, the principle of regulation began to be lifted as the long-term unexecuted urban park (장기미집행 도시공원) problem continued for more than 60 years. Although the public concept of land ownership (토지공개념) has worked strongly for nearly 30 years since 1960, the system has developed into a form of deregulation since 1980. The nature of the relevant institution is first, dependent on the higher-level system and vertical. Second, it implies a conflict of restrictions and acceptance. Third, it is a temporary measure of the park problem. Therefore, the relevant system has long been enhancing the encroachment requirements on urban parks, so fundamental readjustment is needed in the future.

• 한국실내디자인학회논문집
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.100-107
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• 2015

The paper begins with the idea of the society of the continued rooms that building connects architectural space (building interior) and urban open space (urban interior) or countryside/rural open space (territorial interior). It gives an account of, through literature review, a theoretical possibility of integrating not only architecture and urbanism but also architecture and countryside/rural planning. The first site explores the continuously articulated and connected spaces between building interior, urban interior, and territorial interior, in understanding Alberti's analogy, "A house is a little city." (1452) The second site illustrates architecture as an open boundary and a spatial medium which makes building, urban, and territorial interiors connect and makes them continuous. There is an opportunity of reading the continued relations and the continua of spaces. The third site deals with the form of building that architecture creates for building interior (society of rooms) and urban interior (society of urban rooms), and moderates the interiors. The last site clarifies the territorial interior (society of countryside/rural rooms) that constitutes homogeneous spatiality moderated by architecture between building interior and urban interior. The paper discusses the society of the continued interiors(building/urban/territorial interiors) that ought to be a fundamental truth in the field of every project which deals with a unit of space. It logically clarifies the society of the interiors, not isolated and blocked off but multilayered and continued. It comes to the conclusion that the territorial interior should be subsumed under the design field and the society of the continued rooms ought to be considered as a united object of space in the fields of interior architecture/design, architecture, landscape, urbanism and countryside/rural planning. Ultimately, it aims at offering a departing point of discourse and a theoretical foundation for the future studies on urban interior and territorial interior.