• 한국의상디자인학회지
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• 제7권3호
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• pp.167-179
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• 2005

Skirts hold an important position in dress culture among various dress forms, being worn by more than half of mu. In this study, Chima is defined as garment for lower part of the body without crotch sewing, contrasting with trousers. The authors classify and compare the formation of the skirts of minority races in Yunnan area, based on Korean Chima, understanding the forms of skirts and examining the composition, color, pattern and material. For the study, the authors investigated 57 pieces of skirts among 341 pieces of minority races dresses from Yunn Nationality Museum collection exhibited at Korea Folk Village in May 2003, and referred to customs materials and photos in various literatures. Skirts in Yunnan area are divided into 6 areas, that is, seamless one-piece skirt area, wrapskirt area and mixed type skirt area. Skirt formation factors from the effect of environment such as climate, lifestyle and means of production were studied, and characteristics, differences and similarities were reviewed. Figure of skirts are studied by compostion, color, material, and technique. By composition, they can be classified based on the similarity to Hanbok (traditional Korean dress). By color, worshipped color and preferred color vary by races and by area. Materials vary in kinds and thickness by area with various climate. By technique, national characteristic patterns are inherited through national traditional dyeing and embroidery. It is not easy to conclude based on single item of skirt, but we suggest that national dresses have been settled through the mutual supplements between the effect of social and cultural exchange such as historical inheritance, geological environment, religion and production activity and the various forms of skirts from changes in shape, color, material and wearing form of dresses.

• 한국결정성장학회지
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• 제18권6호
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• pp.258-263
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• 2008

입자를 부유 상태에서 소성할 수 있는 수직로를 이용하여 2 mm 이하 크기의 경량 세골재를 제조하고 그 물리적 특성을 고찰하였다. $1200{\sim}1300^{\circ}C$에서 소성된 대부분 시편은 표면에 다량의 액상이 발달하였고 따라서 내부의 가스가 팽창하여 다공성의 중앙부와 상대적으로 치밀한 표피층이 형성되었다. 특히 압출 성형체를 파쇄시켜 얻은 부정형의 C 계열 시편은 $1300^{\circ}C$ 이상으로 소결하면 내부에 가스가 팽창하여 시편 전체가 부풀어져서 구형으로 되었다. 본 부유 수직로에서 소성된 시편의 겉보기 비중은 $0.68{\sim}1.08$ 범위로 대부분 물에 뜰 정도의 경량이었다. 제조된 경량 세골재의 흡수율은 기공율과 비례하였고, 따라서 내부 기공들이 완전 고립된 폐쇄기공은 아님을 나타내었다. 부유소성로에서 제조된 세골재는 전기 머플로에서 소성된 시편과 비슷한 물성을 나타내었으나, 전기로에서 나타나는 골재 간 융착 현상이 발생하지 않았다. 수직로에서 부유소성된 세골재의 내충격성은 자연골재보다 다소 낮았으나, 단위용적중량은 KS 규격 기준을 만족하였다.

• 한국수정란이식학회지
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.237-245
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• 2010

Only an optimum number of viable spermatozoa in a frozen-thawed insemination dose can ensure conception at artificial insemination (AI). We report here the percentages of normal, abnormal and viable spermatozoa present in the frozen-thawed semen of 20 Black Bengal bucks used for commercial AI. Bucks in this experiment were of 19.3~46.1 months old and 25~42 kg body weight. Four semen straws (0.25 ml) from each buck were collected for evaluation of their kinetic parameters. Scrotal circumference was measured by using a scrotal tape, sperm motility was estimated on eye estimation and sperm concentration was determined by using a haemocytometer. Sperm morphology was studied in paraformaldehyde fixed spermatozoa under differential interference contrast (DIC) microscope. To determine the proportion of live (plasma membrane intact) spermatozoa, semen was stained with SYBR-14 and propidium iodide and examined under fluorescent microscope. Scrotal circumference, post-thaw sperm motility, sperm concentration per insemination dose and proportion of normal spermatozoa were $21.5{\pm}0.7\;cm$, $43.5 {\pm}5.4%$, $83.5{\pm}6.7$ million and $88.3{\pm}4.1%$, respectively. The percentages of spermatozoa with head shape and acrosome abnormalities were lower ($2.7{\pm}1.1$ and $1.4{\pm}1.3$, respectively), whereas higher percentages of abnormalities ($7.0{\pm}1.8$) were observed in mid piece and tail portion. The proportion of live spermatozoa was $28.5{\pm}5.4$. It is concluded that although a good number of morphologically normal spermatozoa are present in the insemination dose, the proportion of live spermatozoa is low, which warrants further improvements of buck semen freezing procedures to ensure good quality at AI.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.89-93
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• 2004

Expression of a fusion protein between B. thuringiensis crystal protein, Cry1Ac1 and a scorpion insect toxin (AaIT, Androctonus australis Hector insect toxin) in acrystalliferous B. thuringiensis strain (Cry-B strain) was examined. The cry 1Ac1 gene was cloned in B. thuringiensis-E coli shuttle vector, pHT3101, under the control of the native cry 1Ac1 gene promoter (pProAc) and a gene encoding AaIT was inserted in XhoI site in the middle of the cry 1Ac1 gene (pProAc-ScoR). B. thuringiensis Cry-B strain carrying pProAc-ScoR (PyoAc-ScoR/CB) produced an inclusion body of irregular shape and the expressed fusion protein is approximately 65 kDa in size. Sporulated cells and spore-crystal mixtures of ProAc-ScoR/CB had insecticidal activity against Plutella xylostella larvae, showing $LT_50$ of ProAc-ScoR/CB (22.59 hrs) lower than that of ProAc/CB (30.06 hrs) at $1{\times}{10^7} {CEU/cm^2}$. These results suggest that the fusion protein including a B. thuringiensis crystal protein and an AaIT may be functionally expressed in B. thupingiensis. Moreover, we verified the additive toxicity of AaIT, which is a new feasible candidate for insect control.

• 생물환경조절학회지
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.208-214
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• 2009

춘추느타리 2호의 최적 환기횟수는 발이유도기 $1/10h^{-1}$, 생육초기 $1/6h^{-1}$, 생육중기와 생육후기 $1/4h^{-1}$에서 자실체의 생육이 양호하였고, 수한느타리 2호는 발이유도기 $1/6h^{-1}$, 생육초기 $1/6h^{-1}$, 생육중기 $1/4h^{-1}$, 생육후기 $1/20h^{-1}$에서 자실체의 생육이 양호하였다. 춘추느타리 2호 및 수한느타리 2호 원기형성기에는 이산화탄소의 농도의 영향이 크게 나타나지 않았지만, 자실체 생육시 1,500ppm 이상일 경우 갓의 끝부분이 위로 말려 올라가는 등 환기장해 현상이 나타났다. 이와 같은 결과로 춘추느타리 2호에 비해 수한느타리 2호의 경우 호흡량이 높아져서 환기요구도가 높았으며, 환기 횟수가 클 경우 생육이 양호하였다.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.341-348
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• 2002

Quality evaluation of red ginsengs is determined by outer shape and inner qualities. Especially, the inner qualities are main grading criteria. Currently, red ginsengs are classified into 3-grades; heaven, earth and good. The best heaven grade must not include inner holes and sponge tissues. This study was conducted to develop a red ginseng sorting system using x-ray image processing technique. Because of lens characteristic, gray values of the central region in the x-ray image are higher and gradually decreased towards the edge regions. This difference of gray values gives trouble in segmentation and detection of inner holes in red ginseng image, so preprocessing technique is necessary. The preprocessing was done by subtracting source image from an empty background image. But, simple subtraction was not quite appropriate because of too small contrast between inner holes and sound part. Scaled subtraction images were obtained by multiplying all gray values by some numbers. However this method could not help to set threshold value because the gray values of root part are generally lower than body part when red ginseng is exposed to the x-ray. To determine threshold value for detecting inner holes, an algorithm was developed by increasing overall gray values of less clear images.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제42권6호
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• pp.591-599
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• 2009

Genetic parameters for growth-related traits were estimated in 9-month old of two Korean abalone subspecies, Haliotis discus hannai and H. discus discus, using multiple traits of animal model. The data were collected from the records of 3,504 individuals produced from 16 sires and 17 dams in H. discus hannai and 821 individuals produced from 3 sires and 4 dams in H. discus discus, which was evaluated at the Bukjeju branch, NFRDI, from May 20, 2004 to February 14, 2005. The heritability estimates obtained from restricted maximum likelihood (REML) method range from 0.29 to 0.31 for three growth traits (shell length, shell width and body weight) in H. discus hannai and from 0.22 to 0.28 in H. discus discus, respectively. The heritabilities for shell shape and condition factor were lower than others of growth traits such as ranging from 0.03 to 0.24 in H. discus hannai and from 0.06 to 0.11 in H. discus discus, respectively. Genetic and phenotypic correlations were >0.91 between shell parameters and weight in two abalone subspecies, respectively, indicating that breeding for weight gains could be successfully achieved by selecting for shell length.

• 한국분말재료학회지
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.234-239
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• 2015

Electronic products are a major part of evolving industry and human life style; however most of them are known to emit electromagnetic waves that have severe health hazards. Therefore, different materials and fabrication techniques are understudy to control or limit transfer of such waves to human body. In this study, nanocomposite powder is dispersed into epoxy resin and shielding effects such as absorption, reflection, penetration and multiple reflections are investigated. In addition, nano size powder (Ni, $Fe_2O_3$, Fe-85Ni, C-Ni) is fabricated by pulsed wire evaporation method and dispersed manually into epoxy. Characterization techniques such as X-ray diffraction, Scanning electron microscopy and Transmission electron microscopy are used to investigate the phase analysis, size and shape as well as dispersion trend of a nano powder on epoxy matrix. Shielding effect is measured by standard test method to investigate the electromagnetic shielding effectiveness of planar materials, ASTM D4935. At lower frequency, sample consisting nano-powder of Fe-85%Wt Ni shows better electromagnetic shielding effect compared to only epoxy, only Ni, $Fe_2O_3$ and C-Ni samples.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.221-229
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• 1985

우리나라 참붕어의 아가미에서 검출되는 Echinochasmus속 피낭유충을 마우스에서 실험감염 시킨 후 성충을 얻어 종을 동안하고 마우스내에서의 간단한 발육상황을 관찰하였다. 1. 참붕어에서 수집한 Echinochasmus속 피낭유충은 타원형으로 $0.073~0.078{\times}0.054~0.065{\;}mm$의 크기이었고 탈낭시킨 표본에서 두관(head crown) 및 두극(collar spine)이 뚜렷하며 두극은 좌우 12개씩 총 24개가 구흡반 주위를 일열로 둘러싸고 있었으나 구흡반배측에서 연결이 끊어져 있었다. 2. 마우스로부터의 충체회수율은 감염 1일부터 21일까지 평균 19.5%이었고 감염기간 경과에 따른 감소는 관찰되지 않았다. 충체는 주로 마우스의 소양하부에서 회수되었다. 3. 마우스 체내에서 충체는 5일후면 모든 생식기관이 성숙되었고 충체 길이는 7일에 최대에 달한 후 21일까지 큰 변화가 없었다. 생식기관의 감염 7일까지 성장은 비생생기관과는 달리 {$\ulcorner}S자{\Ircorner}$형 곡선을 보였다. 감염 5~6일 후 마우스의 대변에서 크기 평균 $0.0865{\times}0.0608mm$인 충란이 검출되었고 감염 5일에 회수된 충체 자궁에서 1~2개의 충란이 발견되었다. 4. 감염 7일째의 성충을 관찰한 바 충체외형은 란원형으로 크기 $0.54~0.69{\times}0.29~0.34{\;}mm$이었고 잘 발달된 두관과 좌우 12개씩 총 24개의 두극을 가지고 있므려, 란황선이 복흡반 부위에서 충체 후단까지 분포하는 점 등으로 Echinochasmus japonicus Tanabe, 1926으로 동정되었다. 이상의 결과로 참붕어가 우리나라에서 E. japonicus 중간숙주 중 하나임이 확증되었다.

• 한국균학회지
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• 제47권2호
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• pp.173-179
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• 2019

표고는 동아시아 지역에서 매우 중요한 식용버섯이다. 표고 우량품종을 개발하기 위해 14개 균주를 사용하였고, 단포자교잡을 통해 3,100개의 조합으로부터 1,638개의 교잡계통을 육성하였다. 교잡계통의 톱밥재배 시험결과 364개 계통의 버섯이 발생하였으며, 버섯의 모양과 크기를 기준으로 65개의 우량 후보계통을 최종 선발하였다. 364개 계통 중 주름이 없는 균주는 40개, 대의 모양이 원통형인 균주는 255개, 대 아래쪽이 뭉툭한 형태는 15개, 대 위쪽이 뭉툭한 형태는 94개로 관찰되었다. 10번의 조합을 가진 2462 n1-n10과 3420 n1-n10을 기준으로 했을 때, 65개의 우량한 후보 계통 중 5회 이상 동일 단포자가 포함된 것은 2462 n1, 2462 n2, 2462 n10, 3420 n3 이었다. 이들 단포자 균주들은 표고의 교잡계통을 만드는데 우수한 균주로 판단된다.