• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.68-79
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• 2008

Because local cities are different from large cities, they need to reflect their own characteristics of housing market. Thus in order to obtain useful implications for the establishing sound housing market in Jinju City, this paper investigated the characteristics of spatial distribution and determinant factors that affect apartment price in Jinju City. GIS representation of the apartments showed that most of old and small apartments were built in 'land readjustment project' areas executed in 1970s. On the contrary, new and large scale apartment complexes were built quite recently and distributed in the western and southern parts of the city. Next, in order to examine the factors which affect apartment price, this paper subtracted firstly several variables from the related studies. However in order to avoid multi-colinearity, variables were summarized by means of factor analysis. Then, setting apartment price as a dependant variable, 12 hedonic price models were established with 33 independent variables. As results, building age, floor area, accessibility to university and hospital, accessibility to arterial road, and stair-type building were turned out to be significant. These results will be used in making the supply and allocation plan of urban facilities and housing. Finally as conclusions this paper emphasized the need of periodic analysis of local housing market and establishing detailed housing information systems.

• Journal of Korea Technology Innovation Society
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.195-218
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• 2014

Recently, due to the global economic crisis and prolongation of slow growth period, many countries have proposed creative economy as an important policy for economic growth. Korea has also progressed important policies such as development of creative industries, start-up activation and employment creation through creative economy as a key policy. However, each country has a different definition of creative economy and detailed field to promote, and there is a lack of research on creative economy of industrial complexes and activation plans of creative industries. This study derived the priority order and importance of development plans to develop into creative clusters through AHP analysis base on Gumi National Industrial Complex that have had a significant role in the national economy since the 1970s. As a result, the creativity enhancing factor was the highest priority, followed by creative infrastructure and network. These results mean that it is necessary to promote creativity in order national industrial complexes to continuously lead national economy and for this purpose it needs to prioritize the development of creative human resources and to extend the creative R&D. This study can be provided to government and local policy makers and innovation agencies as basis data and practical policy guide to establish a successful creative cluster by deriving the priority order in reflection of both hardware and software policies such as infrastructure to develop national industrial complex into creative cluster.

• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.117-126
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• 2000

Conventional methods for collecting origin-destination trips have been mainly relied on the surveys of home or roadside interview. However, the methods tend to be costly, labor intensive and time disruptive to the trip makers, thus the methods are not considered suitable for Planning applications such as routing guidance, arterial management and information Provision, as the parts of deployments in Intelligent Transport Systems Motivated by the problems, more economic ways to estimate origin-destination trip tables have been studied since the late 1970s. Some of them, which have been estimating O-D table from link traffic counts are generally Entropy maximizing, Maximum likelihood, Generalized least squares(GLS), and Bayesian inference estimation etc. In the Paper, with user equilibrium constraint we formulate GLS problem for estimating O-D trips and develop a solution a1gorithm by using Genetic Algorithm, which has been known as a g1oba1 searching technique. For the purpose of evaluating the method, we apply it to Seoul inner ringroad and compare it with gradient method proposed by Spiess(1990). From the resu1ts we fond that the method developed in the Paper is superior to other.

• Journal of forensic and investigative science
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.23-31
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• 2007

Apartments are built in small countries to accommodate densely populated cities and maximize urbanization. Many apartment complexes have been built in recent reconstruction or redevelopment projects. An increase in crime has resulted due to residents living in a narrow space. Larceny is the most commonly reported crime in apartment complexes. Apartments can be classified as stairway, hallway, or plane surface. This study compares and analyzes the frequency of theft by apartment type to assist in creating a safer residential space. In America and England, scholars studied to make a safer residential space, and have applied the theory of 'the Defensible Space' and 'Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design(CPTED)' since 1970s. Korean apartment design now reflects CPTED in new apartment construction. In this study, 12 apartment complexes were selected in Changwon city to conduct analysis of theft in selected complexes. The study will cover housing invasion theft, motorcycle and car theft and snatching. The most frequency larceny is motorcycle and car theft, the second is housing invasion theft, and the least frequent is snatching. More residents' motorcycles and cars are damaged in a hallway style apartment. More frequently inhabitants have their possessions snatched on a stairway form. 1) When we build new apartment complexes, we must plan to improve territoriality and enhance a natural surveillance by reinforcing dwellers' relationship. Through planning we can prevention the larceny in apartments.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Crop Science Conference
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• 1998.10a
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• pp.266-287
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• 1998

Environmental conditions and expected profit are the major criteria to select crops to be cultivated in any region. Traditionally, miscellaneous crops have been cultivated as alternative crop in case of unfavorable climate or supplementary crop in marginal lands. Since the successful breeding of high yielding varieties of staple crops and development of cultural techniques in 1970s in Korea, production of miscellaneous crops decreased markedly due to the rapid commercialization of agriculture and increased productions of horticultural crops, although yields have been doubled during the last $2\~3$ decades. On the other hand, animal husbandry has been developing remarkably parallel with national economic development and the increased consumption of animal products. As a result, imports of feed grains such as corn have increased rapidly, while roughage production became lower than demand. Among miscellaneous crops, corn production increased markedly through the development of hybrids and due to its importance as silage crops. Acreage of corn production including grains, fresh corns and feeding is about 120,000 ha, while acreage of buckwheat is about 5,000 ha and those of other miscellaneous crops decreased to a level of about 1,000 ha. Although miscellaneous crops have low yield potential and are unprofitable due to low price and imports of cheap foreign products, they should be kept to cultivate. Miscellaneous crops are important components that maintain diversity among upland crops as well as alternative crops in case of unfavorable climate. The low yield potential of miscellaneous crops might be due to lack of efforts to breed high yielding varieties and to develope cultural techniques. Continuous investment in research, exploitation of new utilization for miscellaneous crops as sustainable crop, honey crop and sightseeing crop, and development of healthy and special foods will promote their cultivation. Animal feeding in Korea depends mainly on formula feeds. As the number of animals increases to meet demand of animal products, there is no alternative way but to import grains to feed them. But roughage production, which is necessary for normal growth of ruminant animals, should be increased. However, lack of arable land and pasture land limits the production of good roughages. It is estimated that number of course for meat and milk production will be $2.5{\~}2.6$ million and total of $6.2{\~}7.5$ million tons of roughages should be produced. This implies that more than 1 million tons of roughage are needed, although pasture land, upland for forage crops, forage crops after rice cultivation and rice straw are utilized. Therefore, new reclamation of pasture land, increased roughage production in cultivating land, increased cultivation of forage crops after rice, more utilization of rice straw and active exploration of indigenous plant species as roughage resources should be promoted

• Journal of the Korea Concrete Institute
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• v.18 no.4 s.94
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• pp.535-542
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• 2006

In Seoul, more than 80 percent of residential buildings are constructed with unreinforced masonry(URM) buildings in early 1970 to 1990. In general, URM buildings have the advantages of reducing the construction time and easy to construction. However, URM buildings do not have enough strength against the lateral force. Moreover, low rise buildings have not adopted seismic designs, and for that reason a critical damage is expected with an earthquake. And also, the necessity of the seismic performance evaluation of existing building structures is raised through the Taiwan earthquake in 1999. The purpose of this study is to provide basic information for unreinforced masonry building in Korea by application of the proposed seismic evaluation method. In this study, seismic capacities of 50 existing unreinforced masonry buildings are evaluated based on the proposed method. Also, relationships of seismic capacities between Korean earthquake damage ratios of korean unreinforced masonry buildings are estimated. Results of this study were as follows; 1)Seismic retrofit was needed $8{\sim}48%$ in Korean unreinforced masonry buildings. 2)Korean unreinforced masonry buildings were expected to have severe damage under the earthquake intensity level experienced in Japan.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.28 no.1 s.49
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• pp.225-243
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• 1995

Benzidine Industry in Korea has started after Japan has banned its production in early 1970's, and it has been in operation in Korea for over 20 years. However, it is not known yet whether any bladder cancer has developed from benzidine exposure. This study was done to screen benzidine-exposed workers for bladder cancer, and to examine the feasibility of employing screening test at the workplace. All the workplaces that manufacture or use benzidine for more than 20 years in Korea have been covered in this study, and they include 2 benzidine manufacturing factories, 5 benzidine using factories, as well as 2 benzidine free factories as an outside control. In total, 516 workers were screened with urine stick test and urine cytology test for the evidence of hematuria and abnormal urothelial cells. Each worker was also asked about risk factors and symptoms of bladder cancer including past medical history, smoking, medication and occupational history Benzidine in the air was measured by personal and area sampling. Out of 516 screened workers, 84(16.3%) workers showed positive hematuria in urine stick test, and 7(1.4%) workers showed degenerative cells in urine cytology tests. Those workers with abnormal urine test results who have been exposed to benzidine fo more than 10 years were further screened, and, in total, 23 workers were examined with intra-venous pyelography and cystoscopy. None of those screened had any evidence of bladder cancer When workers with only past hematuria history were included in the positive hematuria group, 96(18.5%) had positive hematuria. On the multiple logistic regression analysis, positive hematuria was significantly associated with benzidine exposure, history of other occupations with elevated bladder cancer risk, pyuria and glycosuria. The association got stronger as direct benzidine exposure was accounted through individual task analysis, and as exposure duration was accounted with tenure analysis. For those with benzidine exposure with more than 10 years of tenure, the odds of having positive hematuria was elevated 2.14(95%C.I is 1.08 to 4.25) times more than for those without exposure. Even though bladder cancer was not detected for several limitations including short observation period, majority of studied workers with short latency, healthy worker effect, and low sensitivity of single screening test in a cross-sectional study, the study results suggest that hematuria screening is a feasible and very useful test for bladder cancer screening among benzidine exposed workers.

• Journal of Science and Technology Studies
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.229-262
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• 2015

Toxic tort cases have increased dramatically since the 1970s, as large technological systems, such as nuclear power plants and chemical factories, or mass-produced, high-tech products, had exposed citizens and consumers to dangerous substances. It was, however, difficult to establish causal connection between exposure and the alleged harms in many of the environmental, pollution, and product liability cases under the framework of tort law conception of causation and responsibility. Science and law was called upon to resolve such 'late modern' legal cases where true causes are hard to find, where no single explanatory factor is sufficient for explaining diseases like cancer. This article examines how plaintiffs in the Korean tobacco litigation mobilized such late modern tools in science and law, such as epidemiology and the allocation of the burden of proof, in the context of the global circulation of science and law. It further shows how a set of the scientific theories and legal arguments developed in order to cope with late modern risk played a central role in establishing a causation between smoking and cancer in 2011. This article suggests that STS scholars can fruitfully examine the interaction between science and law as a way to understand and engage with social and legal issues engendered by late modern risk.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.297-313
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• 2009

Long-term trends and distribution patterns of water quality were investigated in the Gunsan coastal areas of Yellow Sea, Korea from 1972 to 2006. Water samples were collected at 6 stations and physicochemical parameters were analyzed including water temperature, salinity, suspended solids(SS), chemical oxygen demand(COD), dissolved oxygen(DO) and nutrients. Spatial distribution patterns of temperature, DO and SS were not clear among stations but the seasonal variations were distinct except COD and SS. The trend analysis by principal component analysis(PCA) during 24 years revealed the significant variations in water quality in the study area. Spatial water qualities were clearly classified into 3 clusters by PCA; station cluster 1, 2~4, and 5~6. Annual water qualities were clearly classified into 4 surface water clusters and 5 bottom water clusters by PCA. By this multi-variate analysis. The annual trends were summarized as follows; Salinity, pH and DO tended to increase since late 1970's, COD to increase since 1987, and SS to decrease and nutrients to increase in Gunsan coastal waters due to the input of fresh water from land same as in Kyoungin coastal area, Asan coastal area and Choensoo bay.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Groundwater Environment
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.55-58
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• 2000

Methyl tertiary butyl ether (MTBE) is a gasoline additive that boosts the oxygen content in fuel (an oxygenate), resulting in less air-polluting carbon monoxide being released from vehicle exhaust systems. Then, groundwater contamination problems have been developed in areas where the chemical is used. Common sources of water contamination by MTBE include leaking underground gasoline storage tanks and leaks and spills from above ground fuel storage tanks, etc.. Studies on the chemical and these problems are going on abroad vigorously. These studies should be performed in our country as well more actively. This paper reviews on articles on these studies and focuses on the identification of the chemical as a groundwater contamination source.