• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.22-29
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• 2008

Bombina orientalis, or Korean fire-bellied toad is belonging to Class Amphinia, Order Anura, Family Bombinatoridae, Genus Bombina. Ecological characteristics, such as small size, slow moving and swimming, gentle attitude to other species, under laboratory and/or wild condition lead the toad as suitable experimental animals with easy handling. Seasonal reproductive biology except breeding season (usually from Apr. to late Jun.) are unknown still caused by sampling methods for hibernating specimens have not been established yet. Most species of amphibian, include B. orientalis, are declined around the world related with global warming, therefore, wild caught specimen for any purposes must be limited controled soon. Even though, some pre-studies of biotope for increasing biodiversity have been reported, construction of an artificial biotope to get natural breeding cycling specimen for study of amphibian reproduction is unique modelling and only trial. In an effort to set year-round sampling for study of reproduction of B. orientalis, we suggest protocols for planning, construction manual and SOP(Standard Operation Process) to manage amphibian biotope. During pilot operation of a designed and constructed biotope, the seasonal acclimation during winter hibernation of B. orientalis were successful. It will be helpful for studying the reproductive biology of wild amphibians in temperate region and allow to get reasonable research conditions in amphibian laboratory.

• Asian Journal of Turfgrass Science
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.89-95
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• 2012

Korean lawn grass, which belongs to Zoysia genus in Gramineae family, is one of the major turfgrass which is widely adapted to its native niches in the temperate region of the north east Asia through tropical regions including Philippine, Thailand and Australia. The Turfgrass Information Center' database provides 5,340 descriptive records including 638 referred papers and 1,370 technical reports concerning 'Zoysia'. The database focused on researches on golf courses and lawn care industries. The researches provide informations on seed technology and use of plant protectant for pest management in turf management industries. The purpose of this study is to analyze and classify the research contents of zoysiagrasses which have been published in Korean journals. The total number of research papers published in Korean journals were 274 including 102, 38, and 134 in the 'Botanical', 'Environmental' and 'Cultural' researches, respectively. Publication in foreign journals by Korean investigators were not counted in this research. Research fields concerning golf course maintenance and plant protectant are believed to be necessary when compared to international trends. Moreover, advanced research efforts for the development of new cultivars with various environmental and disease resistance should be accomplished.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.337-364
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• 2020

Mt. Taegi (1,261.4 m) located in Gangwon-do, is a geographically important region for plant biodiversity. But the biodiversity of Mt. Taegi has been seriously damaged by the invasion of foreign plants, the development of forests and so on. We conducted 21 field surveys between April and August in 2008 and March and October in 2018 to investigate the vascular flora in Mt. Taegi. Total 662 taxa were identified including 96 families, 338 genera, 580 species, 4 subspecies, 66 varieties and 12 formas. Among them, 28 taxa were Korean endemic plants and 8 taxa were rare plants designated by the Korea Forest Services, and 11 taxa were listed on the Red list of endangered plants and 127 taxa were designated as the floristic regional indicator plants according to the Ministry of Environment. The alien plants were 45 taxa, including R. acetosella that is the ecosystem disturbing species.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Crop Science Conference
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• 2017.06a
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• pp.21-21
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• 2017

Severe lodging has recurrently occurred at strong typhoon's hitting in recent climate change. The identification of quantitative trait loci (QTLs) and their responsible genes associated with a strong culm and their pyramiding are important for developing high-yielding varieties with a superior lodging resistance. To identify QTLs for lodging resistance, the tropical japonica line, Chugoku 117 and the improved indica variety, Habataki were selected as the donor parent, as these had thick and strong culms compared with the temperate japonica varieties in Japan such as Koshihikari. By using chromosome segment substitution lines (CSSLs) in which chromosome segments from the japonica variety were replaced to them from Habataki, we identified the QTLs for strong culm on chrs. 1 and 6, which were designated as STRONG CULM1 (SCM1) and STRONG CULM2 (SCM2), respectively. By using recombinant inbred lines (BILs) derived from a cross between Chugoku 117 and Koshihikari and introgression lines, we also identified the other QTLs for strong culm on chrs. 3 and 2, which were designated as STRONG CULM3 (SCM3) and STRONG CULM4 (SCM4), respectively. Candidate region of SCM1 includes Gn1 related to grain number. SCM2 was identical to APO1, a gene related to the control of panicle branch number, and SCM3 was identical to FC1, a strigolactone signaling associated gene, by performing fine mapping and positional cloning of these genes. To evaluate the effects of SCM1~SCM4 on lodging resistance, the Koshihiakri near isogenic line (NIL) with the introgressed SCM1 or SCM2 locus of Habataki (NIL-SCM1, NIL-SCM2) and the another Koshihikari NIL with the introgeressed SCM3 or SCM4 locus of Chugoku 117 (NIL-SCM3, NIL-SCM4) were developed. Then, we developed the pyramiding lines with double or triple combinations derived from step-by-step crosses among NIL-SCM1 NIL-SCM4. Triple pyramiding lines (NIL-SCM1+2+3, ~ NIL-SCM1+3+4) showed the largest culm diameter and the highest culm strength among the combinations and increased spikelet number due to the pleiotropic effects of these genes. Pyramiding of strong culm genes resulted in much increased culm thickness, culm strength and spikelet number due to their additive effect. SCM1 mainly contributed to enhance their pyramiding effect. These results in this study suggest the importance of identifying the combinations of superior alleles of strong culm genes among natural variation and pyramiding these genes for improving high-yielding varieties with a superior lodging resistance.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.250-254
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• 2006

To elucidate cytogenetic differences, karyotype analysis and FISH (fluorescence in situ hybridization) with 45S and 5S rDNAs were carried out in the three Astragalas species: Astragalas membranaceus Bunge, A. membranaceus var. alpinus Nakai and A. mongholicus Bunge. The somatic metaphase chromosome numbers of all three species were 2n=2x=16 and the size of chromosomes ranged $2.19{\sim} 5.73\;{\mu}m$. The chromosome complement of A. membranaceus consisted of each four pairs of metacentrics (chromosomes 3,4,6 and 7) and submetacentrics (chromosomes 1,2,4 and 8). In A. membranaceus var. alpinus, the chromosome complement consisted of two pairs of metacentrics (chromosomes 4 and 8) and six pairs of submetacentrics (chromosomes 1,2,3,5,6 and 7). A. mongholicus had three pairs of metacentrics (chromosomes 6,7 and 8) and five pairs of submetacentrics (chromosomes 1,2,3,4 and 5). Using bicolor-FISH, one pair of 45S and 5S rDNA signals could be detected on the centromeric regions of chromosomes 8 and 7 of A. membranaceus and A. mongholicus, respectively. In contrast, A, membranaceus var. alpinus had one pair of 45S signals on the centromeric region of chromosome 8 and two pairs of 5S rDNA signals on the short arms of chromosomes 7 and 8.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.69 no.1
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• pp.42-50
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• 1985

The vegetation of common Cryptomeria (Cryptomeria japonica D. Don) stands planted in Chonnam- province was investigated to obtain the fundamental informations for evaluation of suitable site and the improvement of managing method of the Cryptomeria stands in this region. The results investigated were summarized as follows; 1) The growth condition of common Cryptomeria planted 21-25-year-old stands was similar that of same species growing in Akidaken-district in Japan, while the growth condition of 51-58-year-old stands was not so good as that of Japanese. 2) Total number of plant species was 256. The number of floristic composition varied in the range of 42-99- species, which should be mere than those of Japanese. 3) The investigated sites were located in temperate southern part and in subtropic northern part of Korean peninsular. The types of understory vegetation were classified from I to IV class. 4) From the results of high max. possible diversity (H' max), and dominance (1-J') and from the low simple dominance (${\lambda}$) and evenness (J'), It could be concluded that vegetation was relatively in evenness. 5) From the low percent similarity, the specificity among the stands could be evaluated as considerable. 6) After the index of Morista, the 8th stand in Chang sung showed the generalized vegetation, while the 12th stand in Chang hung showed the specialized vegetation. 7) From the low values of Sneath-Sokal distance, the similarity among the stands investigated appeared very high.

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.24 no.5
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• pp.532-548
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• 2015

The winter ecology of individual yellow-throated martens(Martes flavigula) intemperate region of Korea were studied through snow-tracking. The study was performed across 3 winter seasons, from January 2011 to February 2013. Total distance of 49.8km was snow tracked (comprising 13 snow-tracking routes) to determine winter foraging habits, general behavior and movement paths of solitary and small groups (1-6 individuals; $mean=2.9{\pm}1.6$) of yellow-throated martens. The martens in the current study were omnivorous, with their winter diet including 9 animal and 5 plant species. Yellow-throated martens searched for food near and under the fallen logs and branches, root plates of fallen trees, around the roots of growing trees, and in small holes in the ground. They also climbed trees to search inside the tree holes and vacant bird nests. Foraging activity was estimated to occur at a frequency of 1.20 times/km, while territory marking occurred 1.42 times/km on average. Of the 60 documented foraging activities we observed, 17 were successful (28.3%). Moving activity and territory marking mainly occurred along ridges, whereas foraging activity was recorded in valleys, slopes, and forest edges. To protect the habitat of this species, the entire forest should be preserved, including the valleys, slopes, and even forest edges as well as main ridges.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.25-46
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• 2010

The demand for fuel and energy resources continues to grow due to increased consumption and emerging economies in all parts of the world. With this increase in demand, crude oil prices in the international market has jumped dramatically. Global warming, which is a consequence of increasing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, has become scientific, social, and political concerns. To cope with global warming and energy crisis, cost-competitive biofuels are urgently needed. In addition, development of an infrastructure, which supplies energy stably and diversifies energy resources, as well as new cost-saving technologies should be developed to reduce the costs of producing biofuels. Due to high oleic acid content, rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) is currently the potential feedstock for biodiesel production in temperate zone region and the production and use of rapeseed oil is already commercialized in Europe. In Korea double-cropping (rice and rapeseed) became more prevalent because it reduces competitions from land constraints. Production of rapeseed as a biodiesel feedstock may reduce the influence of rising oil prices and nation's dependence on imported petroleum and increase job opportunities and farm incomes.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.99 no.3
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• pp.312-322
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• 2010

In Korea, Torreya nucifera (L.) Siebold & Zuccarini is widely distributed in the warm temperate zone of South coastal area and Jeju island, mainly as preserved forest in the vicinity of the Buddhist temple and Confucian temple. The objective of this study is in order to develop the conservation method and comprehension of vegetation community by current vegetation structure analysis of Torreya nucifera stand. As the results, the number of surveyed species in Torreya nucifera stand were total 148 species with 28 species of tree layer, 38 species of subtree layer, and 82 species of shrub layer. The appearance of the common species were Ligustrum obtusifolium Siebold & Zucc., Hedera rhombea Bean, and Trachelospermum asiaticum Nakai var. asiaticum. All the story of the surveyed region, Torreya nucifera maintained the current dominant species, but the subtree layer and shrub layer was decreased dominant rate because of the development of the crown of tree layer and biased growth of the subtree layer. Most of the tree layer and subtree layer in Torreya nucifera stands are composed of the sprout forest. Therefore, these results suggest that in order to maintain the healthy stand it is demanded for the application of selection thinning method for reducing crown competition in Torreya nucifera forests.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.13 no.1 s.18
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• pp.25-31
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• 1974

This survey was aimed to accumulate basic data of aphid population at the Horticultural Experiment Station at Suweon. The yellow pan traps were setted at five locations (Fig.1.), and ran from May 1 to October 31. 1970. About one hundred and twenty species of aphids were trapped, including 24 species of plant vims vectors. Of these, dominant species were as follows: (Asterisk shows virus vector) Aphid species No. of catches * Aphis spiraecola PATCH 2,635, * Aphis craccivora KOCH 2,377, * Myzus persicae SULXER 2,111, Capitophorus hippophaes javanicus H.R. LAMBERS 2,051, Anoecia fulviabdominalis SASAKI 1,480, * Aphis gossypii GLOVER 867, * Macrosiphum avenae FABRICIUS 859, Cervaphis quercus TAKAHASHI 692, * Lipaphis erysimi KALTENBACH 645, Pleotrichophorus chrysanthemi THEOBALD 489, The above 10 species consisted $76.5\%$ of total catches and the 24 vector species consisted $55.5\%$. The curve of the seasonal occurrence of flying aphids at Horticultural Experiment Station shows bimodal, typical for the temperate region. The total number of trapped aphids at the Station from May to September, 1970, were less than that of average yearly catches at the College of Agriculture from 1967 to 1970. Thi, low numbers at Horticultural Experiment Station may attribute to the frequent spraying of insecticides from Spring to Summer on growing crops there. But the aphids population increase suddenly in the middle of October. This might be resulted from cease of insecticide applications and migration of aphids from summer host to winter host plants.