• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.98-104
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• 2000

For the taxonomic evaluaition, 15 strains of the genus Pectobacterium and Erwinia were analyzed for 16S-23S rDNA intergenic spacer regions (ISRs). These species contained two types of ISRs, large and small ISRs. Large ISRs were on the range of 474-569 bp size, and coding transfer $\textrm{RNA}^{11e}$($\textrm{tRNA}^{11e}$) and $\textrm{tRNA}^{Ala}$. Small ISRs were 354-459 bp in length and coding $\textrm{tRNA}^{Glu}$. The sequence variations of two ISRs among species and strains were very high as compared with 16S rRNA gene sequences. By phylogenetic trees on the basis of two ISRs, Pectobacterium ere differentiated into P. carotovorum-P. cactiaidum group and P. chrysanthemi group. However, the taxonomic position of E. cypripedii and E. rhapontici, which were not clear on taxonomic delineation between Pectobacterium and Erwinia, were not clearly resolved on the basis of ISRs.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.102-108
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• 2014

The bacterial strain T-9, which shows strong antifungal activity, is isolated from the soils of Samcheok, Gangwondo and identified as Paenibacillus kribbensis according to morphological and taxonomic characteristics and 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis. The P. kribbensis strain T-9 strongly inhibits the growth of various phytopathogenic fungi including Botrytis cinerea, Colletotricum acutatum, Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. radicis-lycopersici, Magnaporthe oryzae, Phytophthora capsici, Rhizoctonia solani, and Sclerotium cepivorum in vitro. Also, the P. kribbensis strain T-9 exhibited similar or better control effects to plant diseases than in fungicide treatment through in vivo assays. In the 2-year greenhouse experiments, P. kribbensis strain T-9 was highly effective against clubroot. In the 2-year field trials, the P. kribbensis strain T-9 was less effective than the fungicide, but reduced clubroot on Chinese cabbage when compared to the control. The above-described results indicate that the strain T-9 may have the potential as an antagonist to control various phytopathogenic fungi.

• Molecules and Cells
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.1-4
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• 2008

A gene's influence on an organism's Darwinian fitness ultimately determines whether it will be lost, maintained or modified by natural selection, yet biologists have few gene expression systems in which to measure whole-organism gene function. In the Department of Molecular Ecology at the Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology we are training "molecularly enabled field biologists" to use transformed plants silenced in the expression of environmentally regulated genes and the plant's native habitats as "laboratories." Research done in these natural laboratories will, we hope, increase our understanding of the function of genes at the level of the organism. Examples of the role of threonine deaminase and RNA-directed RNA polymerases illustrate the process.

• Journal of Microbiology
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• 제37권4호
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• pp.218-223
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• 1999

Legionella pneumophila, the cause of Legionnaires disease, is able to survive intracellularly in eukaryotic cells such as monocytes, macrophages, and protozoan organisms. During protein biosynthesis, the rph gene encodes ribonuclease (RNase) PH which functions as a phosphorolytic nuclease that removes nucleotides following the CCA terminus of tRNA and as a nucleotidyl-transferase which adds nucleotides to the ends of RNA molecules by usingnucelside diohosphates as substrates. In this sutdy, the rph gene was screened in pUC19 library employing a DNA probe which was constructed from PCR based on a consensus pattern of multiple alignment of RNas PH. The encoded protein consists of 235 amino acid residues with a calculated molecular weight of 26,112 Daltons. The RNase PH signature domains are completely conserved.

• 자연과학논문집
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.51-61
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• 2004

박테리오 파아지 T7 RNA 중합효소는 어떤 전사인자도 관여하지 않는 간단한 시스템으로 파아지 RNA 중합효소와 전사촉진제만의 단백질-DNA 상호작용에 의해 전사가 진행된다. T7 파아지의 숙주 세포의 파괴에 관여하는 T7 파아지 lysozyme은 전사를 억제하고, 전사종결에 영향을 미친다. 따라서 T7 파아지 lysozyme 유전자를 대장균 발현 벡터에 삽입하여 pT7lys를 얻었고, 발현시켜 Ni-NTA column chromatography로 순수 분리하였다. T7 파아지 lysozyme은 SDS-gel에서 단일 밴드로 확인하였으며, amidase 활성 역시 확인하였다. 염기서열 특이적 전사 종결에 미치는 T7 파아지 lysozyme의 역할을 알아보기 위하여, rrnB T1 전사종결 인자 부근에서의 전사연장 복합체 제조에 미치는 T7 파아지 lysozyme의 영향력을 조사하였다. 이 결과 T7 파아지 lysozyme 존재 하에 형성되는 전사연장 복합체는 불안정함을 알 수 있었다.

• Molecules and Cells
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.429-441
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• 2009

We have determined the complete mitochondrial genome of the yellow-spotted long horned beetle, Psacothea hilaris (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae), an endangered insect species in Korea. The 15,856-bp long P. hilaris mitogenome harbors gene content typical of the animal mitogenome and a gene arrangement identical to the most common type found in insect mitogenomes. As with all other sequenced coleopteran species, the 5-bp long TAGTA motif was also detected in the intergenic space sequence located between $tRNA^{Ser}$(UCN) and ND1 of P. hilaris. The 1,190-bp long non-coding A+T-rich region harbors an unusual series of seven identical repeat sequences of 57-bp in length and several stretches of sequences with the potential to form stem-and-loop structures. Furthermore, it contains one $tRNA^{Arg}$-like sequence and one $tRNA^{Lys}$-like sequence. Phylogenetic analysis among available coleopteran mitogenomes using the concatenated amino acid sequences of PCGs appear to support the sister group relationship of the suborder Polyphaga to all remaining suborders, including Adephaga, Myxophaga, and Archostemata. Among the two available infraorders in Polyphaga, a monophyletic Cucujiformia was confirmed, with the placement of Cleroidea as the basal lineage for Cucujiformia. On the other hand, the infraorder Elateriformia was not identified as monophyletic, thereby indicating that Scirtoidea and Buprestoidea are the basal lineages for Cucujiformia and the remaining Elateriformia.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제23권8호
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• pp.1055-1059
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• 2013

The ectomycorrhizal fungus Tricholoma matsutake grows symbiotically with Pinus densiflora. Phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (E.C. 4.3.1.24) catalyzes the conversion of L-phenylalanine to trans-cinnamic acid. The role of fungal phenylalanine ammonia-lyase, however, has not been clear until now. In this study, the gene encoding phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL), which was isolated from T. matsutake, was cloned and characterized. The PAL gene (tmpal) consists of 2,160 nucleotides, coding for a polypeptide containing 719 amino acid residues. The deduced amino acid sequence of tmpal from T. matsutake shows high identity (70%) with that from Laccaria bicolor. Comparative analysis of the PAL genes among T. matsutake and other species of the class Agaricomycetes showed that both active sites and binding sites were significantly conserved among these genes. The transcriptional analysis of the PAL gene revealed a differential gene expression pattern depending on the developmental stages (mycelium, primordium, stipe, pileus, and gills) of T. matsutake. These results suggest that the PAL gene in T. matsutake plays an important role in multiple physiological functions.

• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.89-93
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• 1990

재조합 pBR322-trp$^+$ 플라스미드의 숙주내 안정적 유지를 목적으로 tRNA phe 의 구조유전자인 pheW$^+$ 유전자를 pBR322-trp$^+$의 플라스미드에 도입시키고, 숙주세포로는 트립토판 생산을 위한 정상숙주 LC901의 phenylalanyl tRNA synthetase 온도감수성 변이체인 LC901-pheS-ts를 구성하여 이 온도감수성 숙주의 제한온도 (restrictive temperature)에서 재조합 trp$^+$ 플라스미드의 안정적 유지와 trp$^+$ 유전자가 미치는 효과를 조사하였다.

• 한국가축번식학회지
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.43-48
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• 1993

These experiments were carried out to construct mouse testis cDNA library and to to seen H-Y Ag gene. Mouse testis was obtained from BALB/c inbreed mouse that was after-born 1 week. Isolation of mouse testis total RNA was carried out by guanidum/cesium choloride, poly(A+) mRNAs were purified by oligo d(T)-cellulose chromatography method. To investigate protein synthesis activity, in-vitro translation carried out by total RNA and poly(A+) mRNA. The products of in-vitro translation were identified in 12.5% PAGE. Single strand DNA and double strand DNA were synthesized from poly(A+) mRNA and purified using phenol/chloroform/isoamylalcohol. Synthesized cDNA was combined with cohesive Eco RI polylinker, its recombination efficiencies were identified by X-gal and IPTG. In the cDNA library, 1$\times$107 phagemids were screened with 32P labelled probe. Hybridization were carried on $65^{\circ}C$ for 16~20hours. And 1$\times$106 phagemids were screened with rabbit-anti-H-Y. In former, select 5 positive clones, and later, 1 positive clone. Its southern blot analysis showed various size of insert cDNA from 0.7kb to 3kb.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.62-67
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• 2016

Green tea (Camellia sinensis) is one of the most popular beverages in the world and has been acknowledged for centuries as having significant health benefits. (-)-Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) is the most abundant catechin in green tea, and it has been reported to have health benefit effects. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor ${\gamma}$ coactivator $(PGC)-1{\alpha}$ is a crucial regulator of mitochondrial biogenesis and hepatic gluconeogenesis. The objective of this study was to investigate whether EGCG from green tea can affect the ability of transcriptional regulation on $PGC-1{\alpha}$ mRNA expression in HepG2 cells and 3T3-L1 adipocytes. To study the molecular mechanism that allows EGCG to control $PGC-1{\alpha}$ expression, the promoter activity levels of $PGC-1{\alpha}$ were examined. The $PGC-1{\alpha}$ mRNA level was measured using quantitative real-time PCR. The -970/+412 bp of $PGC-1{\alpha}$ promoter was subcloned into the pGL3-Basic vector that includes luciferase as a reporter gene. EGCG was found to up-regulate the $PGC-1{\alpha}$ mRNA levels significantly with $10{\mu}mol/L$ of EGCG in HepG2 cells and differentiated 3T3-L1 adipocytes. $PGC-1{\alpha}$ promoter activity was also increased by treatment with $10{\mu}mol/L$ of EGCG in both cells. These results suggest that EGCG may induce $PGC-1{\alpha}$ gene expression, potentially through promoter activation.