• 한방안이비인후피부과학회지
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.140-149
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• 2008

Objective : This study was performed to find out the difference of symptoms between rhinitis and sinusitis in young patients who were diagnosed by PNS plain radiograph( PNS series), Methods: We did statistical analysis about 147 new outpatients under 12 year-old who had visited the department of ophthalmology, otolaryngology, dermatology in Kyung Hee Oriental Medicine Center from March 2, 2006 to February 29, 2008. All of the patients were diagnosed by PNS series and we divided the patients with two groups; rhinitis group and sinusitis group. We checked the OPD records and explore the distribution on sex, experience of past western therapy, age and duration. Then we divided symptoms into nine; 'nasal obstruction', 'purulent rhinorrhea', 'cough & sneezing', 'watery rhinorrhea', postnasal drip', 'sputum', 'head problem', 'snoring & throat discomfort' and 'epistaxis'. We also divided age into 2 groups: $0\sim7$ years old and $8{\sim}12$ years old. We carried out chi-square test as a statistical method. Results : The results were as follows. 1. Sinusitis group were 102(69.5%); 62 have only sinusitis. 40 have both sinusitis and adenoidal hypertrophy. Rhinitis group were 45(30.5%); 13 have adenoidal hypertrophy and 32 were negative. 2. Male were 98(sinusitis 65, rhinitis 33), female were 49(sinusitis 37, rhinitis 12). 3. Patients who had experienced past western therapy were 120(sinusitis 81, rhinitis 39), no experienced patients were 27(sinusitis 21, rhinitis 6). 4. Distribution on age of sinusitis was 1(1 yr), 2(2 yrs), 3(3 yrs), 15(4 yrs), 15(5 yrs), 23(6 yrs), 13(7 yrs), 12(8 yrs), 8(9 yrs), 5(10 yrs), 1(11 yrs), 4(12 yrs). Distribution on age of rhinitis was 1(1 yr), 0(2 yrs), 1(3 yrs), 1(4 yrs), 9(5 yrs), 5(6 yrs), 3(7 yrs), 5(8 yrs), 1(9 yrs), 8(10 yrs), 6(11 yrs), 5(12 yrs), 5. Duration of sinusitis was 20(<2 months), 6($2{\sim}3$ months), 11($3\sim6$ months), 34($6\sim12$ months), 31(>12 months) and of Rhinitis was 11(<2 months), 0($2\sim3$ months), 5($3\sim6$ months), 18($6\sim12$ months), 11(>12 months) 6. Distribution on symptoms, sinusitis patients were 86(nasal obstruction), 52(purulent rhinorrhea), 46(cough & sneezing), 38(watery rhinorrhea), 41(postnasal drip), 23(sputum), 18(head problem), 15(snoring & throat discomfort), 6(epistaxis). The each symptom and sinusitis have no relation by chi-square test. 7. The number of patients who were 0 $\sim$ 7 years old was 92: sinusitis 72(49%), non-sinusitis 20(13.6%). The number of patients who were 8 $\sim$ 12 years old was 58: sinusitis 30(20.4%), non-sinusitis 25(l7%). By chi-square test(confidence level 95%), sinusitis and age under 7 have a significant relation(p=0.003). Conclusions : There is no relation between rhinologic symptoms and sinusitis. Patients under 7 years old with rhinologic symptoms tend to have sinusitis.

• 대한한의학회지
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.1-20
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• 2004

Objectives : Based on the analysis of Yin-Yang[음양] characteristics and symptoms, each person is classified into Yin-Yang. Also the validity of the result is statistically analized. Methods : From Feb. to May. 2003, the data were collected through a questionnaire given to 690 patients. The questionnaire was composed of 34 items which were about personality, habit, sweat, response to coldness, thirst, bowel, urine, physical shape, and menstruation for women only. SD(Semantic Differential Technique) used for each item, each item is measured as a contrast of two opposite symptoms. Reliability analysis was used to select items and categories. Based on means of items in each category the Yin-Yang index was developed. The validity of Yin-Yang index was investigated using classification and clustering analysis. In statistical analysis, SPSS V10.0.7 PC was used. Results : The obtained results are summarized as follows: 1) We constructed Yin-Yang index based on the middle point of the sum of categorical means. Then we classified each person into Yin or Yang. 2) To investigate the validity of the distribution of personal Yin-Yang degree, the crosstabulation of results from clustering and classification was used. The hit ratio for classification was much higher than Maximum Chance Criterion($C_{max}$), and concurrence in crosstabulation was successful. Therefore we can infer that the distribution of Yin-Yang was valid. Conclusions : Based on Yin-Yang characteristics and symptoms, we was analyzed personal degree of Yin-Yang, and confirmed the validity of its distribution. Therefore this index can be used further for Bian-Zheng [변증] and classification of the constitution.

• International Journal of Quality Innovation
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.79-88
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• 2004

The purpose of this study was to analyze the prevalence of self-reported musculoskeletal symptoms among the three Taiwan's traditional industries as lathe, electronics and food by the Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire (NMQ). Moreover, the study was also to make a comparison among the aforesaid industries for revealing their differences. The result of the questionnaire indicated that the symptoms appeared on the three industries were all originated from four parts as neck, shoulders, elbows, and wrists/hands. More than 68% of the interviewers thought that their symptoms might be related to their work. However, the rate of harmful influence resulted from life or job was over 50%. As to the respect of the interviewers' attitude in treating their symptoms, more than 80% of them neglected or just treated the symptoms by massaging or cold/hot compressing and resting. From the questionnaire, the proportion of symptoms discussed in each item indicated that the distribution, in perceiving symptom, of interviewers were not quite identical; however the Chi-square test discovered majority did not reach 0.05 levels, hence the difference among industries were not significant.

• 대한한방소아과학회지
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.35-50
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• 2007

Objectives The purpose of this study was to revitalize pediatric emergency care in oriental medical hospital. Methods The study was composed of 281 pediatric patients who visited emergency room of the ${\bigcirc}{\bigcirc}$ university oriental hospital, from March 2006 to February 2007. Results The age distribution showed that 1 to 3 year's patients(40.6%) are the most New pediatric patients(59.1%) were more than who received medical treatment in this place. The seasonal distribution of between month's section and the 24 solar terms's section made no differences and pediatric patients who visited in emergency room was most in spring, least in autumn. Moreover the changes of season's patients were more than others. Pediatric patients who visited during the weekends and holidays(50.9%) were more than during the weekdays(49.1%). Systemic division of the major problems were the digestive symptoms(44.5%) and nervous symptoms(30.6%), respiratory symptoms(12.5%), musculoskeletal symptoms(5.3%), dermatological symptoms(1.8%), cardiovascular symptoms(0.7%) and others(4.6%) followed. The time interval between arrival and onset : within 6 hours were the most(54.5%). Pediatric patients who had digestive, nervous, musculoskeletal diseases within 6 hours were the most, but in the case of patients who had respiratory diseases, most of them were visited within 48 hours. Acting and herb-med treatment(77.9%) were the most in medical treatments. Pediatric patients(69.0%) who didn't revisit in this hospital after treatment in emergency room were more than who revisited(29.9%). Conclusions Pediatric patients who visited in emergency room of oriental medical hospital were most not acute form of a serious diseases, patients most visited in disease prefer to oriental medicine; such as dyspepsia, convulsions, crying, ankle sprain. Further studies will be needed for the actual circumstance's reflecion from this hospital and other oriental hospitals nearby or other western emergency rooms for the accurate studies.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.563-576
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• 1997

This study was carried out to identify basic data for more efficient operation of comprehensive health check-up centers in the national health care system. The researcher reviewed and analyzed the main symptoms of the subjects according to sex, age, occupation and positive rate in the screening tests of a comprehensive health check-up, performed at one comprehensive health check-up center in located in a hospital. The subjects were 512 persons who had a check-up at the comprehensive health check-up, center in K university hospital in Seoul from October 2, 1996 to March 30, 1997. A questionaire developed by the researcher to obtain subject's general characteristics, main symptoms, medical examination, diagnosed disease was used as the tool for the study. The researcher analyzed the data with SPSS PC/sup +/ program. : the distribution of the subject's general characteristics and main symptoms was described with percentages and the difference between main symptoms and screening tests analyzed with X²-test, t-test, ANOVA. The result of this study are as follows : 1. For the distribution of diagnosis in males. liver disease was most frequent and hypertension was second : in females, hypertention and liver disease were not common in that order. 2. The most common complaints were indigestion in the digestive system, sputum in the respiratory system, irregular heart beat in the cardiovascular system, frequent urine in the urinary system vertigo in the hematologic system. 3. The main symptoms according to sex were for females, a statistically siguificant higher rate of complaints in the digestive system, cardiovascular system, urinary system, hematologic system, musculoskeletal, mental & nervous system as compared to males. 4. The main symptoms according to age were that in the the second decade there wara higher rate of complaints in the digestive system, and cardiovascular system than in the older age groups : and in the fifth decade more in the musculoskeletal system. 5. The main symptoms according to occupation were that formers and fishers had a higher rate of complaints in the mental and nervous system as compared to other occupation groups : and office workers, in gynecology. 6. The main symptoms according to diagnosis, were symptoms of the digestive system, frequent in liver disease : symptoms of the cardiovascular system in allergic disease. 7. The screening tests which showed the highest rates were UGI /FGS, PFT : In males a higher rate of abnormality was seen in abdominal ultrasono- graphy and in, females, in mammography. 8. In screening tests according to sex, males showed a higher positive rate for chest X-rays, and LFT, and females, in mammography, pap smear, CBC. 9. In screening tests according to age, higher positive rates of obesity, high blood pressure, chest X-ray, mammography, pap smear, FBS, CBC, urine test were seen in the fifth decade : PFT and abdominal ultrasonography in the third decade. The subjects who wanted comprehensive health check-up were not asymptomatic but had an illness with several symptoms. It is found that the most frequent diagnosed diseases were hypertention and liver disease. So proper observations must be done for them. Comprehensive health check-ups should be changed to a comprehensive examination including treatment beyond examination for those subjects with positive results.

• 한방안이비인후피부과학회지
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.75-83
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• 2005

Objective: The purpose of this study is to investigate the clinical studies on 254 cases of patient with facial paralysis. Methods: We examined the sex, age, region, month, season, physical condition, attened symptoms, the period before admission, the period of treatment the times of treatment, the point of the recovery Results: 1. The distribution of sex was male 119 cases, female 125 cases(1.032:1). The distribution of age was disclosed that fifty was the most in 53 cases(20.9%) 2. In distribution of the region of facial palsy, the ratio of the male-left was 27.6%(70 cases), female-left was 24.4%(62cases), male-right was 23.2%(59 cases), female-right was 24.8%(63 cases). 3. In distribution of contributing frequence in month, January was the most in number(29 cases, 11.4%), In distribution of contributing number in season winter was the most in number(76 cases, 29.9%). 4. In distribution of physical condition, fatigue(99 cases, 40.0%), stress(66 cases 26.0%), cold exposure(43 cases, 16.9%) were investigated highly than other conditions. 5. In distribution of attended symptoms, stylomastoid pain(91 cases, 35.8%), tears(40 cases 15.7%). taste paralysis(29 cases, 11.4%) were investigated highly than other symptoms. 6. In distribution of the period before admission in descending order the first under the third day was the most number in 92 cases(62.2%), over two weeks 22 cases(14.9%) 7. In distribution of the period of treatment, over eight weeks was the most number in 91 cases(35.8%), under a week in 50 cases(19.7%). In distribution of the times of treatment under five times was the most number in 56 cases(14.2%). 8. In distribution of the point of the recovery, under two weeks was the most number in 77 cases(52%).

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.27-38
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• 1979

This study was undertaken to determine the subjective symptoms of fatigue among the house-wives groups. Inquiries into subjective symptoms of fatigue were made by the form designied by the Industrial Fatigue Research Committee of the Japan Society of Industrial Health (1961), Comprising 30 items. These items are classified into 3 groups of 10 items, namely, A) Physical Symptoms, B) Mental Symptoms, C) Neuro-Sensory Symptoms (Figure 1 ). The results of the investigation can be summerized as follows: 1. Within the total items (T), the physical symptoms (A) were the strongest in the effect on the feelings of fatigue, and were followed by (B), and (C). 2. There was a significant difference shown in the distribution of responses by height (X$^2$=236.29, d.f. = 145, p < 0.00001). In the mental category (F = 2.22, d.f. = 4, p = 0.05) and neuro-sensory category (F = 2.64, d.f. = 4, p < 0.001), there was a difference in the responses’com-plaints by weight. 3. As for the ages, housewives at the age of 50 presented a higher rate than those 30 or 20. 4. Regarding the number of children, respondents have more children showed higher frequency rate of complaints. 5. In the investigation sample, complaints were related to education level (f = 18.34, d.f. = 3, p<0.0001) pentruation (t = 2.31, p< 0.022), and sleeping hours (F = 6.04, d.f. = 6, p< 0.0001).

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제13권6호
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• pp.2589-2599
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• 2012

일부 종합병원에 근무하는 간호사들의 A형 행동유형과 피로자각증상과의 관련성을 검토하고자 일부 종합병원에서 근무하는 간호사 306명을 대상으로 2011년 5월 1일부터 6월 30일까지의 기간 동안에 구조화된 무기명 자기기입식 설문지(self-administered questionnaire)를 이용한 설문조사를 하였다. 연구결과, 조사대상자의 A형 행동유형의 분포는 A형 행동유형군이 50.7%, B형 행동유형군이 49.3%이었으며, 피로자각증상의 분포는 정상군이 76.8%, 고위험피로군이 23.2%이었다. A형 행동유형에 따른 피로자각증상의 분포를 보면, 피로자각증상이 정상인군은 B형 행동유형군이 높은 반면, 고위험피로군은 A형 행동유형군이 유의하게 높았으며, A형 행동유형은 피로자각증상과 유의한 양의 상관관계를 보였다. 또한 B형 행동유형군보다 A형 행동유형군에서 고위험피로군에 속할 위험비가 유의하게 상승하였다. 위와 같은 결과를 볼 때 A형 행동유형군은 B형 행동유형군보다 피로자각증상이 유의하게 높은 것을 알 수 있었다. 향후 다양한 연구대상에 대한 A형 행동유형과 피로자각증상과의 관련성에 대한 지속적인 연구가 필요할 것으로 생각된다.

• 대한한의학회지
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.129-141
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• 2004

Objective: The purpose of this clinical observation was to estimate the efficacy of Quetong & Voice on the abatement of subjective symptoms related nose & pharynx. Methods: We observed 46 patients who visited Kang-Nam oriental hospital with subjective symptoms related nose & pharynx that were prescribed Quetong or Voice. We made an inquiry into the inconvenience, side effect, abatement of subjective symptoms, etc. We used the Wilcoxon signed rank test. Results and Conclusions: 1. The distribution of age & sex was as fallows: 21-30 years(34.8%) were the most, 31-40 years(26.1 %) were the second, 1-10 years(24.0%) were the third. Total patient numbers for men and women were 15 men(32.6%), 31 women(67.4%). 2. The distribution of prescribed aerosols for 46 patients: 5 cases(10.9%) prescribed Quetong, 22 cases(47.9%) prescribed Voice, and 19 cases(41.3%) prescribed Quetong & Voice. 3. The duration of use: 12 cases(26.1 %) used 1 week, 19 cases(41.3%) used 1-2 weeks, 9 cases(19.6%) used 2-4 weeks, 4 cases(8.7%) used 4-8 weeks, and 2 cases(4.3%) used above 8 weeks. 4. The frequency of use: The most patients used 1-5 times(69.6%) or 5-10 times(21.7%) for a day. 5. Quetong & Voice were effective on abatement of subjective symptoms(rhinorrhea, nasal obstruction, pharyngalgia, sneeze or cough, post nasal drip, pharyngeal pruritus, pharyngeal dryness, nasal dryness, and globus hystericus). 6. We must prescribe Quetong to the child or the sensitive patients with discretion becouse of the sting. 7. The side effect was not occurred in all of 46 patients.

• 대한한방소아과학회지
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.31-40
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• 2005

Objectives: This study was performed to investigate the character of childhood common cold according to four seasons. Methods: We made an investigation into medical record of 432 children under fifteen years of age who visited pediatrics or emergency room suffering from common cold. We analyzed the principal and secondary symptoms of the children classifying four seasons by $SPSS^{\circledR}$ 12.0 for windows. Results: Male to female ratio were 1.42:1, the average of age was 3.86 years old. Distribution of principal symptoms was that nasal discharge was 231(56.1%), cough was 233(54.1%), nasal obstruction was 162(39.3%), secretion and sputum were 126(30.6%), fever was 121(29.4%), and headache was 13(3.2%). Out of these fever occurred in high frequency during spring and summer, nasal obstruction occurred in high frequency during spring and autumn. Distribution of secondary symptoms was that throat pain was 93(22.6%), otalgia was 39(9.5%), vomiting was 35(8.5%), abdominal pain was 30(7.3%), anorexia was 23(5.6%), sweating was 21(5.1%), diarrhea was 19(4.6%), and startle was 11(2.7%). Out of these otalgia occurred in high frequency during spring and summer, diarrhea occurred in high frequency during autumn and winter. Conclusions: A few symptoms can be the character according to four seasons.