• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제29권6호
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• pp.829-834
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• 2016

Free radicals originate due to the radiolysis of cytoplasmic water with low "Linear Energy Transfer" (LET) radiations. Naringenin (Ng) is a natural antioxidative compound found in citrus fruits. This study revealed that Naringenin (Ng) reduced the radiation damage of critical organs by scavenging oxidative free radicals. In the study, Ng was orally administrated to rats daily for 7 consecutive days, prior to whole body exposure to gamma-rays. The scavenging efficacy was evaluated biochemically by measuring the concentration of cytotoxic byproducts and the activity of enzymes relevant to oxidative free radicals, after extracting the organs from the exposed rat. We observed increased levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration, and decrease in the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) in the exposed control group. However, pretreatment with Ng significantly reduced the MDA concentration, and increased the activities of SOD and CAT, as compared to the control group, due to the free radical scavenging by Ng. The results indicate that Ng administration prior to irradiation could protect critical organs from radiation damage.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제9권4호
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• pp.466-472
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• 1999

These studies were designed to investigate the effects of pine (Pinus densiflora Sieb et Zucc.) needle extract (PNE) on oxygen radicals and their scavenger enzymes in liver membranes of Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats as a study on investigation of anti-aging effect and determination of chemical structures of PNE through the animal experiments. Male SD rats were fed basic diets (control group) and experimental diets (0.5% and 1.0%-PNE group) for 6 weeks. There were no significant differences in hydroxyl radical (·OH) formations of liver mitochondria and microsomes in 0.5%-PNE group, while ·OH formations were significantly decreased (10% and 18%, respectively) in liver mitochondria and microsomes of 1.0%-PNE group compared with control group. Microsomal hydrogen peroxides and cytosolic superoxide radicals were remarkably decreased (20% and 20∼25%, respectively) in 0.5% and 1.0%-PNE groups compared with control group. Mn-SOD activities in mitochondria were significantly increased about 10% in 1.0%-PNE group, while Mn-SOD activities in mocrosomes were remarkably increased (16∼20%) in 0.5% and 1.0%-PNE groups compared with control group. There were no significant differences in Cu, Zn-SOD activities of liver cytosol in 0.5% and 1.0%-PNE groups, while glutathione peroxidase (GSHPx) and catalase (CAT) activities were significantly decreased (28∼30% and 15∼30%, respectively) in liver cytosols of 0.5% and 1.0%-PNE groups compared with control group. These results suggest that these PNE may play a effective role in a attenuating a oxygen radical formations and increasing a scavenger enzyme activities.

• 공업화학
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• 제20권6호
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• pp.593-602
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• 2009

오랫동안 슈퍼옥사이드 음이온 라디칼(superoxide anion radical)은 활성산소(reactive oxygen species, ROS) 화학종으로서 물리화학적 기초 연구에서부터 생명과학(혹은 생명공학) 분야에 이르기까지 상당한 관심의 대상이었다. 최근에는 고도산화공정(advanced oxidation processes, AOP, 혹은 advanced oxidation technologies, AOT)을 이용하는 오염물 제어 분야뿐만 아니라 나노물질에 의한 유해성을 평가하는데 있어서 슈퍼옥사이드 음이온 라디칼이 중요한 화학종으로 주목을 받고 있다. 그럼에도 불구하고 슈퍼옥사이드 음이온 라디칼에 대한 명확한 이해가 부족하여 관련 연구자들 사이에서 불필요한 논쟁과 혼동을 일으키고 있으며 슈퍼옥사이드 음이온 라디칼의 물리화학적 성질에 대한 오해를 가중시키고 있다. 이 글에서는 기존 연구에서 행해진 슈퍼옥사이드 음이온 라디칼의 물리화학적 특성 및 그 반응성에 대해 정리하였고 고도산화공정, 나노물질 및 생명공학 분야 등에서 슈퍼옥사이드 음이온 라디칼이 갖는 중요성을 서술하였다.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.44-49
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• 1999

유해산소제거효소는 세포내에서 생성되는 유해산소를 산소와 과산화 수소로 바꿈으로서 유해산소의 농도를 낮은 수준으로 유지하여 세포를 유해산소의 독성으로부터 보호하는 기능을 담당하고 있다. 이전의 연구에서 파낙사다이올(PD)와 진세노사이드 $Rb_2$가 전사조절인자 AP2를 유도하여 유해산소 제거효소의 전사조절부위 내의 AP2결합부위를 통해 유해산소제거효소의 함량증대를 유도함을 보고한 바 있다. 이를 토대로 본 연구에서는 인삼의 각부위에서 추출된 조사포닌으로 panaxadiol(PD)와 panaxatriol(PT)의 성분함유비가 다른 시료를 이용하여 이들이 유해산소제거효소의 발현 유도성에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. 이를 조사하기위해 유해산소제거효소의 전사조절부위를 클로람페니콜 아세틸트란스퍼라제의 구조유전자와 융합시킨 벡터를 인간의 간세포에 도입하여 활성도를 측정하였다. 그 결과, PD 성분의 함량비증가에 비례적으로 유해산소제거효소의전사가 증대 되었다. 또한 동일한 결과로서, PD 대 PT의 함량비가 약 2.6으로 PD의 함량이 가장높은 세세미 (finely-hairy root) 추출분획에서 유해산소제거 효소의 전사촉진이 대조군에 비해 3배이상 촉진됨을 관찰할수 있었다. 이상의 결과는 PD계의 분획이 유해산소제거효소의 유도성효과를 나타냄을 시사하고 있으며, 유해산소제거효소의 유도물질로서 PD분획과 세세미 추출물이 유용하게 이용될수있음을 제시하고 있다.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제37권6호
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• pp.433-440
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• 1994

상온에서 배양된 녹색조류 Clamydomonas reinhardtii를 $5^{\circ}C$의 저온에 세워두었을 때 세포내에는 괄목할 만한 pyruvate의 축적이 일어났다. 그러나 저온처리된 세포를 다시 상온으로 옮기면 세포내 pyruvate 수준은 감소하기 시작하며 이에 수반하여 superoxide radicals$(O_2^-)$의 발생수준이 증가하였다. 일정기간 후 최고치에 도달한 $O_2^-$ 수준은 다시 비교적 빠르게 떨어지기 시작하였는데, 이때를 전후하여 세포내 superoxide dismutase(SOD)가 현저하게 활성화 되었다. 이러한 결과는 벼의 냉해와 관련하여 얻었던 기존(본 연구실)의 관찰 사실과 매우 유사한 것으로서 고등식물이나 조류가 공히 냉해의 초기과정에 관한한 동일한 기작의 지배를 받고 있음을 시사한다. 아울러 본 연구에서는 저온처리에 의해 야기된 SOD의 활성 증가가 대부분 Mn-SOD의 활성화에 기인하는 것으로 관찰되었다. Mn-SOD는 세포 소기관 중 미토콘드리아에만 존재하므로, 이러한 관찰은 독성이 큰 산소화학종이 과생성되는 부정적 상황 즉 냉해유발 상황에 대처하기 위해 항산소성 효소가 냉해의 초기과정이 진행되는 미토콘드리아에서 유도된다는 개념과 부합된다.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제10권5호
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• pp.504-510
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• 2000

This study was designed to investigate the effects of mulberry (Morus alba L.) leaf extract (MLE) on oxygen radicals and their scavenger enzymes in liver membranes of rats. Sprague-Dawley (SD) male rats (160$\pm$10 g) were fed basic diet (control group), and experimental diets (MLE-100 and MLE-300 groups) added 100 and 300 mg/kg BW/day for 6 weeks. Hydroxyl radical (.OH) levels resulted in a significant decreases (15.2% and 18.1%, 5.6% and 8.0%, respectively) in liver mitochondria and microsomes could be not obtained. These are no significant differences in superoxide radical ($O_2$) levels of liver cytosol in MLE-100 and MLE-300 groups compared with control group. Lipid peroxide (LPO) levels were slightly decreased about 13.6% and 6.1% in liver mitochondria and microsomes of MLE-300 group compared with control group. Oxidized protein (OP) levels were remarkably decreased about 16.9% and 27.2% in liver microsomes only of MLE-100 and MLE-300 group compared with control group. Mn-SOD activities in liver mitochondria were remarkably increased (18.2% and 28.7%, respectively) in MLE-100 and MLE-300 groups, and Cu,Zn-SOD activities in liver cytosol were also significantly increased (11.3% and 20.2%, respectively) in MLE-100 and MLE-300 groups compared with control group. Mn-SOD activities in liver mitochondria were remarkably increased (18.2% and 28.7%, respectively) in MLE-100 and MLE-300 groups, and Cu,Zn-SOD activities in liver cytosol were also significantly increased (11.3% and 20.2%, respectively) in MLE-100 and MLE-300 groups compared with control group, but significant difference between GSHPx activities in liver cytosol could be not obtained. These results suggest that anti-aging effect of mulberry leaf extract (MLE) may play a pivotal role in attenuating a various age-related changes.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제10권6호
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• pp.570-576
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• 2000

This study was designed to investigate the effects of mulberry (Morus alba L.) leaf extract (MLE) on oxygen radicals and their scavenger enzymes in brain membranes of rats. Sprague-Dawley (SD) male rats (160$\pm$10 g) were fed basic diet (control group), and experimental diets (MLE-100 and MLE-300 groups) added 100 and 300 mg/kg BW/day for 6 weeks. Hydroxyl radical (.OH) lecels resulted in significant decreases (13.4% and 21.1%, 12.0% and 13.4%, respectively) in brain mitochondria and microsome of MLE-100 and MLE-300 groups compared with control group. Superoxide radical ($O_2$) levels were significantly decreased about 12% in brain cytosol of MLE-300 group compared with control group. Lipid peroxide (LPO) levels were effectively inhibited (18.1% and 12.3%, respectively) in brain mitochondria and microsomes of MLE-300 groups compared with control group. Oxidized protein (OP) levels were significantly decreased (14.2%, and 10.9%, respectively) in brain mitochondria and microsomes of MLE-300 groups compared with control group. Mn-SOD activities in brain mitochondria were significantly increased (13.5% and 18.6%, respectively) in MLE-100 and MLE-300 groups, and Cu/Zn-SOD activities in brain cytosol were also effectively increased (about 17.7%) in MLE-300 groups compared with control group. GSHPx activities in brain cytosol were remarkably increased (17.2% and 23.9%, respectively) in MLE-100 and MLE-300 groups compared with control group. These results suggest that anti-aging effect of mulberry leaf extract (MLE) may play a pivotal role in attenuating a various age-related changes in brain.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제10권4호
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• pp.340-346
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• 2000

This study was designed to investigate the effects of silk fibroin(Mw 500) powder (SFP) on oxygen radicals and the scavenger enzymes in brain membranes of rats. Spragu-Dawley(SD) male rats(160${\pm}$10g) were fed basic diet(control group), and experimental diets(SFP-2.5 and SFP-5.0 groups) added 2.5 and 5.0g/kg BW/day for 6 weeks. Hydroxyl radical($.$OH) levels resulted in a decreases(6.6% and 9.7%, 2.8% and 11.9%, respectively) in brain mitochondria and microsomes of SFP-2.5 and SFP-5.0 groups compared with control group, but were significantly decreased in these membrances of SFP-5.0 group only. Superoxide radical (O2) levels were a slightly decreased (2.0% and 9.1%, respectively) in brain cytosol of SFP-2.5 and SFP-5.0 groups compared with control group. Lipid peroxide(LPO) levels were significantly decreased (12.9% and 21.9%, 13.2% and 22.5%, respectively) in brain mitochondria and microsomes of SFP-2.5 and SFP-5.0 groups compared with control group. Oxidized protein (OP) levels were significantly decreased (16.7% and 15.7%, respectively) in brain microsomes of SFP-2.5 and SFP-5.0 group compared with control group, but significantly difference between in brain mitochondria of these two groups could not be obtained. Mn-SOD activities were remarkably increased (11.2% and 24.2%, respectively) in mitochodria of SFP-2.5 and SFP-5.0 groups. CuZn-SOD activities were effectively increased (7.7% and 19.6%, respectively) in brain cytosol of SFP-2.5 and SFP-5.0 groups, but significant difference between control and SFP-2.5 groups could be not obtained. GSHPx activities were considerably increased (5.3% and 11.7%, respectively) in brain cytosol of SFP-2.0 and SFP-5.0 groups compared with control group. There results suggest that anti-aging effect of silk fibroin may play an effective learning and memory role in a attenuating a oxidative stress and increasing a scavenger enzyme activity in brain membranes.

• 한국잠사곤충학회지
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• 제41권3호
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• pp.135-140
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• 1999

This study was designed to investigate the effects of mulberry leaf extract (MLE) on oxygen radicals and their scavenger enzymes in serum of rats. Sprague-Dawley (SD) male rats (160${\pm}$10g) were fed experimental diets (MLE-100 and MLE-300 groups) added 100 and 300mg/kg BW/day for 6weeks. Triglyceride (TG) levels were significantly inhibited (10% and 20%) in MLE-100and MLE-300 groups, but there were no significant differences in total, LDL-and HDL- cholesterol levels in both MLE-100 and MLE-300 groups. Hydroxyl radical ($.$OH) formations resulted in a marked decreases(20∼25%) in MLE-100 and MLE-300 groups compared with control group, while superoxide radical (O2.-)and hydrogen peroxide formations resulted in a considerable decreases(7∼10% and 5∼10%) in MLE-100 and MLE-300 groups compared with control group. Lipid peroxide (LPO)and oxidized protein(>C=O group) productions resulted in a significant decreases (10% and 6∼10%) in MLE-100 and MLE-300 groups compared with control group. Superoxide dismutase (SOD)and catalase (CAT) activities were remarkably increased (30% and 40∼55%) in MLE-100 and MLE-300 groups, but glutathione peroxidase (GSHPX) activities were significantly increased (10∼15%) in MLE-100 and MLE-300 groups compared with control group. These results suggest that anti-aging effect of mulberry leaf extract (MLE) may play a pivotal role in attenuating a various agerelated changes.

• Toxicological Research
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• 제28권4호
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• pp.241-248
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• 2012

Exposure of cells to ultraviolet B (UVB) radiation can induce production of free radicals and reactive oxygen species (ROS), which damage cellular components. In addition, these agents can stimulate the expression of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) and decrease collagen synthesis in human skin cells. In this study, we examined the anti-photoaging effects of extracts of Tetraselmis suecica (W-TS). W-TS showed the strongest scavenging activity against 2,2-difenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and peroxyl radicals, followed by superoxide anions from the xanthine/xanthine oxidase system. We observed that the levels of both intracellular ROS and lipid peroxidation significantly increased in UVB-irradiated human skin fibroblast cells. Furthermore, the activities of enzymatic antioxidants (e.g., superoxide dismutase) and the levels of non-enzymatic antioxidants (e.g., glutathione) significantly decreased in cells. However, W-TS pretreatment, at the maximum tested concentration, significantly decreased intracellular ROS and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, and increased superoxide dismutase and glutathione levels in the cells. At this same concentration, W-TS did not show cytotoxicity. Type 1 procollagen and MMP-1 released were quantified using RT-PCR techniques. The results showed that W-TS protected type 1 procollagen against UVB-induced depletion in fibroblast cells in a dose-dependent manner via inhibition of UVB-induced MMP-1. Taken together, the results of the study suggest that W-TS effectively inhibits UVB-induced photoaging in skin fibroblasts by its strong anti-oxidant ability.