• 한국멀티미디어학회논문지
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• 제25권6호
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• pp.878-885
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• 2022

Research in the field of computer vision based on deep learning is being actively conducted. However, deep learning-based models have vulnerabilities in adversarial attacks that increase the model's misclassification rate by applying adversarial perturbation. In particular, in the case of FGSM, it is recognized as one of the effective attack methods because it is simple, fast and has a considerable attack success rate. Meanwhile, as one of the efforts to visualize deep learning models, Grad-CAM enables visual explanation of convolutional neural networks. In this paper, I propose a method to generate adversarial examples with high attack success rate by applying Grad-CAM to FGSM. The method chooses fixels, which are closely related to labels, by using Grad-CAM and add perturbations to the fixels intensively. The proposed method has a higher success rate than the FGSM model in the same perturbation for both targeted and untargeted examples. In addition, unlike FGSM, it has the advantage that the distribution of noise is not uniform, and when the success rate is increased by repeatedly applying noise, the attack is successful with fewer iterations.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.30-40
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• 1997

A computer vision system was built to automatically grade the leaf tobacco. A color image processing algorithm was developed to extract shape, color and texture features. An improved back propagation algorithm in an artificial neural network was applied to grade the Burley type dried leaf tobacco. The success rate of grading in three-grade classification(1, 3, 5) was higher than the rate of grading in six-grade classification(1, 2, 3, 4, 5, off), on the average success rate of both the twenty-five local pixel-set and the sixteen local pixel-set. And, the average grading success rate using both shape and color features was higher than the rate using shape, color and texture features. Thus, the texture feature obtained by the spatial gray level dependence method was found not to be important in grading leaf tobacco. Grading according to the shape, color and texture features obtained by machine vision system seemed to be inadequate for replacing manual grading of Burely type dried leaf tobacco.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제72권5호
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• pp.426-432
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• 2012

Background: Varenicline is an effective smoking cessation aid. However, smokers prescribed with varenicline do not always receive varenicline for 12 weeks, as recommended. This study analyzed the subjects who received varenicline and investigated the effect of varenicline treatment duration on the success rate of 6-month smoking cessation. Methods: This study retrospectively analyzed 78 subjects, who received varenicline, out of the 105 smokers that had visited the smoking cessation clinic after medical examination from September 2007 to December 2009. Results: The subjects were all males. Twenty-two subjects (28.2%) had varenicline treatment for 12 weeks or longer; 18 subjects (23.1%) for 8~12 weeks; 22 subjects (28.2%) for 4~8 weeks; and 16 subjects (20.5%) for less than 4 weeks. The total success rate of the 6-month smoking cessation was 47.4%. The success rate of the 6-month smoking cessation was 63.6% in the group that received varenicline for 12 weeks or longer, which was higher than 41.1% of the group that early terminated the varenicline treatment (p=0.074). The period of varenicline treatment was extended for one more week, the odds ratio of the 6-month smoking cessation success increased to 1.172-folds (p=0.004; 95% confidence interval, 1.052~1.305). Adverse events occurred in 30.8% of the subjects who received varenicline, but no serious adverse events were found. Conclusion: If varenicline treatment period is extended, the odds ratio of the success rate for the 6-month smoking cessation increases. Therefore, an effort to improve drug compliance for varenicline in clinical practices could be helpful for the long-term success of smoking cessation.

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.219-224
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• 2002

Fifty six dogs diagnosed with intervertebral disk disease between January 1999 and August 2001 were reviewed to characterize signalments and prognosis. Seventy-five percent was chondrodystrophoid breeds (42 dogs). Mean age was 5.1$\pm$3.0 year-old and fifty-four percent had acute onset. Interspaces between eleventh thoracic vertebrae and fourth lumbar vertebrae were affected most commonly. Success rate of conservative treatment to dogs with paresis was 83% and that of operation to dogs with paralysis was 67%. Six dogs were recurred and 50% of them had recovered again. There was significant correlation between success rate of treatment and the degree of clinical signs but there was no significant correlation between success rate of treatment and rate of onset, status of clinical signs, duration of clinical signs.

• 한국조경학회지
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• 제43권2호
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• pp.23-29
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• 2015

도로 건설시 훼손될 산림의 자생수목 이식 및 활착에 대해 알아보기 위해 한국도로공사의 협조를 얻어 최근 6년간(2008~2013) 자생수목 이식을 시행한 시공현장 자료를 취합하여 수종별, 규격별 이식활착률에 대한 상관관계 및 회귀분석을 실시하였다. 7개 사업단에서 실시한 자생수목 이식현황을 살펴보면 총 22,521주를 이식하였으며 그 중 69%인 15,519주가 이식에 성공하였다. 이식수종별로 살펴보면 소나무가 15,562주로 가장 많았으며, 참나무류(6,156주), 산벚나무(235주), 곰솔(154주) 등의 순이었다. 침엽수 그룹으로 소나무와 곰솔, 활엽수 그룹으로 참나무류와 산벚나무를 선정하여 대비검정을 실시한 결과, 침엽수가 활엽수보다 낮은 이식성공률을 보였다. 근원직경과 이식성공률은 근원직경이 커질수록 이식성공률은 작아지는 경향을 보였으며, 그 상관성은 상관계수(R)가 -0.730으로 부의 상관이 높은 것으로 나타났으며, 통계적으로 유의하였다. 근원직경에 따른 이식성공률 예측모형의 설명력($R^2$)은 0.532였으며, 예측 회귀모형은 Y= -0.811X+88.627(X=근원직경, Y=이식성공률)이다.

• 한국응급구조학회지
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.19-28
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• 2012

Purpose : The present study was designed to provide basic data for advanced pre-hospital airway management by comparing the insertion time and success rate between laryngeal tube suction II (LTS II) and laryngeal mask airway (LMA) in a manikin. Methods : A total of 32 participants were novice users to both of devices among paramedic students. After taking the introductory lecture and demonstrations, the participants made an attempt to insert the LTS II and LMA to compare the insertion time and success rate. They marked the easiness of insertion of the score ranged from 1 to 10 score scale and preference of the two devices. Results : The insertion time of the LTS II was significantly shorter than that of the LMA (p =.000). There was no significant difference between LTS II and LMA in the success rate. In the easiness of insertion, the score of LTS II $(8.47{\pm}1.41score)$ was significantly higher than that of LMA $(7.19{\pm}1.98score)$(p =.001). The preference of LTS II (75%) was much higher than that of LMA (25%). Conclusion : The manikin study data showed that the LTS II may be a good alternative airway device for providing and maintaining a patent airway.

• 한국정보과학회논문지:정보통신
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• 제37권6호
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• pp.494-498
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• 2010

시스템의 성능 요구 사항은 일반적으로 해당 시스템이 제공하는 서비스의 품질과 높은 연관성을 가진다. 예를 들어 이동통신 시스템에서 통화 성공률은 서비스 품질과 직결되는 사항으로 매우 높은 중요도를 가지며 체계적인 성능 시험 방법이 요구되고 있다. 본 논문에서는 구간 추정 기법을 이용하여 이동통신 시스템의 통화 성공률을 시험하는 방안을 제안한다. 또한 제안된 시험 방안을 기반으로 방송통신위원회에서 최근 시행한 3G 이동전화 서비스 품질 평가에서 사용된 판정 기준에 대해 고찰해 보고 문제점에 대해 살펴본다.

• 한국응급구조학회지
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.113-123
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• 2019

Purpose: The aim of this study was to provide basic data to improve the survival rate of pre-hospital cardiac arrest patients. This study suggests a more effective method of performing effective chest compressions for a cardiac arrest patient in a moving ambulance. Methods: To compare the differences between gender and license (qualification), SPSS 18.0 (Windows) was used. Independent and paired t-tests were used for differences between before and after wearing a rescuer's belt. Results: The success rate of chest compressions according to gender was higher in males ($68{\pm}21.91%$) than in females ($25.04{\pm}16.88%$). There was no difference according to license ($44.70{\pm}26.63$ for paramedic, $45.05{\pm}19.25$ for nurse). However, the depth (mm) and the success rate (%) were improved during the evaluation of chest compressions when wearing the rescuer's belt (depth: $46.95{\pm}6.49$ vs. $49.55{\pm}6.05$, success rate: $44.80{\pm}24.66$ vs. $57.39{\pm}26.823$). Conclusion: Wearing a rescuer's belt in an ambulance during patient transport can result in deeper and more accurate chest compressions; therefore, it is expected to be effective in recovering the circulation of patient with cardiac arrest.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제44권6호
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• pp.418-422
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• 2011

Background: It has recently become most general to use the small bore catheter to perform closed thoracostomy in treating iatrogenic pneumothorax. This study was performed for analysis of the efficacy of treatment methods by using small bore catheter such as 7 F (French) central venous catheter, 10 F trocar catheter, 12 F pigtail catheter and for analysis of the appropriateness of each procedure. Materials and Methods: From March 2007 to February 2010, Retrospective review of 105 patients with iatrogenic pneumothorax, who underwent closed thoracostomy by using small bore catheter, was performed. We analyzed the total success rate for all procedures as well as the individual success rate for each procedure, and analyzed the cause of failure, additional treatment method for failure, influential factors of treatment outcome, and complications. Results: The most common causes of iatrogenic pneumothorax were presented as percutaneous needle aspiration(PCNA) in 48 cases (45.7%), and central venous catheterization in 26 cases (24.8%). The mean interval to thoracostomy after the procedure was measured as 5.2 hours (1~34 hours). Total success rate of thoracostomy was 78.1%. The success rate was not significantly difference by tube type, with 7 F central venous catheter as 80%, 10 F trocar catheter as 81.6%, and 12 F pigtail catheter as 71%. Twenty one out of 23 patients that had failed with small bore catheter treatment added large bore conventional thoracostomy, and another 2 patients received surgery. The causes for treatment failure were presented as continuous air leakage in 12 cases (52.2%) and tube malfunction in 7 cases (30%). The causes for failure did not present significant differences by tube type. Statistically significant factors affecting treatment performance were not discovered. Conclusion: Closed thoracostomy with small bore catheter proved to be effective for iatrogenic pneumothorax. The success rate was not difference for each type. However, it is important to select the appropriate catheter by considering the patient status, pneumothorax aspect, and medical personnel in the cardiothoracic surgery department of the relevant hospital.

• 한국항공우주학회지
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• 제33권6호
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• pp.45-50
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• 2005

GPS 반송파 측정값을 이용하게 되면 수 cm 이하의 정밀도로 위치 결정을 수행 할 수 있으며, 두 개 이상의 안테나를 움직이는 물체에 장착할 경우 정밀한 자세 결정을 수행할 수 있다. GPS 반송파 측정값을 사용하는 경우 항상 미지정수 결정의 어려움이 발생하게 되며, 미지정수 결정 과정에서 올바른 결정을 할 수 있는 척도로 성공확률을 확인할 필요가 있다. 본 논문에서 저궤도 위성의 자세 결정을 위하여 이중차분된 측정값을 사용하게 되며, 이때 만들어진 측정행렬과 측정값의 공분산을 이용하여 성공확률을 계산하게 된다. 성공확률을 향상시키기 위하여 저궤도 위성의 위치벡터와 자세벡터가 수직이라는 제한 조건을 사용하여 측정값을 증가시키는 방법을 제안하였다. 적용된 저궤도 위성의 궤도는 우리별 3호의 궤도 정보를 이용하여 만들었으며 시뮬레이션을 통하여 그 결과를 확인 하였다.