• Journal of Technology Innovation
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.23-58
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• 2014

This study investigates the effects of product strategies and CEO characteristics on the growth of venture firms. These factors are related with strategic behaviors and managerial capabilities of small and dynamic firms. According to empirical results of FGLS regression with the data of the Korean venture firms, both product strategies and CEO characteristics have significant effects on firm growth and additionally explanatory powers. In general, the growth rates of venture firms tend to increase with the level of product's diversity and marketing-enhancing strategy, but decrease with the degree of product's innovation-enhancing strategy. The growth rates are higher when CEO is non-founder and has sufficient experience related to current business, and CEO's career development is focused on general management area. The effects of product strategies and CEO characteristics are moderated by the firm-internal factor such as organizational growth stage. The positive effects of some product strategies (e.g. marketing-enhancing strategy) and CEO characteristics(e.g. career focused on general management) become stronger for firms operating in the stage of start-up or initial growth, while their effects become negative or insignificant for firms operating in the mature or declining stage in which the negative effect of innovation-enhancing strategy does not exist.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
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• v.5 no.4
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• pp.69-94
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• 2010

With the liberalization of distribution services industry since 1996 as well as changes in customers' appetite to spend and consumer behaviors, new forms of distribution services have mushroomed such as superstores and SSM(Super Supermarket), online shopping, TV shopping channels. On the contrary, traditional markets have sunk into a swamp of stagnation. As this stage of stagnation of markets negatively affects tradespeople's employment, livings, and local economy, the Korean government has conducted policies to support improvement of market facilities and management since 2004. However, the government has separated facility improvement from management improvement. As of June 2008, there are 1,550 traditional markets in Korea and among these there are 388 public markets which local governments have established and managed. Public markets have possibilities to be developed as successful models of market revitalization since they can get all-expenses-paid supports for facility improvement, control of merchandise assortment, educational program for merchants. Such successful (strategic hub) markets could become the benchmark for other neighboring markets and tradespeople which could lead other successful cases. In order to produce such effects, the market should have optimized facilities, merchandise and services, co-marketing strategies with nearby markets, group purchase strategies. The hub market could play a critical role in distribution of local goods and developing high value products.

• Environmental and Resource Economics Review
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.271-300
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• 2004

We investigate the two recent simulations of the proto-type domestic carbon emission trading system in Korea and draw some policy implications. The first simulation includes the 5 electric power companies based on baseline and credit. But the second one is with the 7 energy-intensive companies based on cap and trade. The voluntary approaches in this paper revealed the instability of market equilibrium, i.e., price volatility or distortion, excess supply or demand. These phenomena stems from excess incentives to the players, asymmetric information, players' irresponsible strategic behaviors, and non acquaintance of trading system. This paper suggests the basic design for domestic carbon trading system in future and a stepwise introduction strategy for it including the incentive auction scheme, the total quantity of incentive needed, and how to finance it. Meantime, the further simulations on the various sectors based on voluntary participation must be essential for learning experiences and better policy design.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.13 no.5
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• pp.45-52
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• 2015

Purpose - Augmented reality (AR) content used in mobile media today can accommodate a wide variety of contextual information. This indicates that making people experience a sense of presence and flow is a very significant factor in augmented reality content. Flow represents a rich immersion potential as representing the progress of emotion and the means to facilitate the operation of the smart phone. Therefore, users will have friendly relational continuance behavior with products and brands that supply this experience. Based on that, the purpose of this study is to investigate the relationships among smart phone AR application traits, presence, flow experience, and relational continuance behavior. First, AR application traits are defined as three categories sensory immersion, navigation, and manipulation, based on preceding studies. This study then examines the influence of AR application traits on the presence and flow experience and looks into the relation among presence, flow experience, and relational continuance behavior. This analysis suggests more detailed and concentrated strategic implications. Research design, data, and methodology - A research model is designed to examine the relation among AR application traits, presence, flow experience, and relational continued behavior. For data collection, questionnaire surveys were composed of multi-items for each component and the direct interview method was used for the interviews. To collect the data, after running the smart phone AR applications, the consumer behaviors of the respondents were generally determined. The questionnaire surveys were conducted for one month, October 2014. A total of 300 questionnaires were distributed with 278 questionnaires used for analysis, excluding the unanswered and insincere questionnaires. The data were analyzed using SPSS ver. 20.0 and LISREL ver. 8.51. Results - The following results are found: First, AR application traits have a significantly positive effect on presence with sensory immersion, navigation, and manipulation all having a significantly positive effect. Second, sensory immersion and manipulation among the AR application traits have a significantly positive effect on flow. However, navigation did not have a significantly positive effect on flow. Third, presence has a significantly positive effect on flow and has a significantly positive effect on relational continuance behavior. Moreover, flow also has a significantly positive effect on relational continuance behavior. This behavior tends to be formed since brands want to encourage relational continuance behavior and positive emotions with the brands being used. Relational continuance behavior accompanies repeat purchasing, positive word-of-mouth and recommendation activities, and forms of trust with the brand. Conclusions - The research results showed that smart phone AR traits had significantly positive effect on presence, flow, and relational continuance behavior. Based on this, smart phone AR application providers should establish an aggressive marketing strategy to accommodate more realistic problems in order to positively influence user behavior. Additionally, the marketers should make efforts to provide fun or convenience in the AR application operation process of the user.

• Health Policy and Management
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.163-190
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• 1996

본 논문은 미국 농촌병원의 경영전략과 관련하여 몇가지 가설을 검증한 연구결과이다. 구체적으로 1987년부터 1991년 사이의 미국 농촌병원들의 기본적 경영전략 지향 형태와 변화 추세, 경영전략과 환경 및 병원특성과의 관계, 그리고 경영전략과 재정적 성과의 관계 등이 연구되었다. 본 연구의 자료수집은 미국 농촌지역의 모든 종교병원과 영리병원, 그리고 무작위 표본추출로 뽑힌 50%의 공공병원 및 기타 비영리 병원의 최고경영자를 대상으로 1989년에 우편설문조사를 통해 이루어졌으며 회수된 설문지 중 사용가능한 640개 병원 (응답율 43%)의 자료가 분석 이용되었다. 조사대상병원의 환경적 특성자료는 지역자원 파일(Area Resource File)에서 수집하였고, 병원특성 및 재정적 성과자료는 미국병원협회 연감(Annual Survey of Hospitals)에서 구하였다. 응답병원과 비응답병원간에 환경 및 병원특성에 유의한 차이는 없는 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구에서는 Miles와 Snow가 개발한 방어형(defender), 분석형(analyzer), 진보형(prospector), 반응형(reactor)의 네가지 경영전략지향 형태를 사용하여 분석하였다. 본 연구의 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1) 미국 농촌 병원들은 과거에는 방어형 및 분석형의 경영전략 지향을 보이다가 점차 반응형과 진보형으로 변화해 가고 있다. 2) 가장 뚜렷한 경영전략 지향의 변화추세는 방어형이 급격히 줄고 반응형이 크게 늘어나고 있다는 점이다. 이는 많은 병원들이 급격한 환경변화에 적응하기 위해 일관된 전략 지향보다 융통성 있고 탈력적인 경영전략을 선호하고 있음을 나타낸다. 3) 농촌병원들은 경영전략의 급격한 변화를 추구하지는 않을 것이라는 가설을 뒷받침할 근거는 없는 것으로 나타났다. 이는 급격한 의료환경의 변화로 인해 병원들이 다양한 경영전략의 변화를 모새하고 있는 것으로 볼 수 있다. 4) 대부분의 외부환경 및 병원특성은 병원의 전략지향의 선택에 큰 영향을 미치지 않는 것으로 나타났으나 인구 10,000명당 의사수, 병상규모, 위탁경영 여부, 병상점유율, 소유형태 등의 변수들이 경영전략 지향 형태에 따라 유의한 차이가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 5) 경영전략 지향이 상이한 병원들은 세부 실천전략에 있어서도 치이가 있을 것이라는 가설을 일부 전략에 있어서 사실인 것으로 나타났다. 즉 방어형 병원들은 진보형이나 반응형 병원들보다 내부관리전략, 다양화 전략, 의사유치전략, 직원복지전략 등에 있어서 소극적인 것으로 나타났다. 6) 비록 방어형 병원들이 다른 형태의 병원보다 낮은 재정적 성과를 보이고 있었지만 본 연구의 자료로는 경영전략지향과 재정적 성과간의 인과관계를 구명할 수 없었다. 또한 재정적성과에 따른 전략지향의 변화여부도 통계적으로 유의한 관계가 있지는 않은 것으로 나타났다. 이는 각각의 전략지향들이 환경에 따라 나름대로 장점을 가질 수 있으며 반드시 어느 한가지의 전략지향만이 최선은 아님을 시사해주고 있다. 7) 병원의 경영전략 변화는 환경의 변화와 더블어 그러한 변화에 적응할 수 있는 내부의 능력과도 관계가 있는 것으로 보인다. 이상의 연구결과에 따르면 미국의 농촌병원들은 급격한 환경변화에 적응하기 위하여 다수의 병원들이 환경 및 벼원특성에 관계없이 생존을 위한 전략적 노력을 기울이고 있음을 알 수 있다. 끝으로 이러한 연구결과는 최근 어려운 경영환경에 처한 한국의 농촌병원들도 합리적인 경영을 위해서는 병원이 처한 외부환경분석과 함께 내부의 능력에 적합한 경영전략의 방향을 설정하고 그에 따른 실천적 세부 경영전략을 수립해야만 한다는 것을 시사해 주고 있다.

• Journal of Internet Computing and Services
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• v.21 no.5
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• pp.9-20
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• 2020

This study redefines the networks' connection behaviors and the terms confusion over the settlement in Netflix-SK Broadband's dispute through domestic and foreign legal references. Conflict parties, academics and the media use the terms "interconnection fee" or "Access fee" without uniformity, and in some cases mixes for strategic purposes. The use of different terms for the same phenomenon (or vice versa) has a high need for research in that it makes it difficult to reach a unified approach to the problem, to discuss it productively and rationally, and, moreover, to resolve disputes. Therefore, this study cross-referenced/analyzed terms related to network utilization and connectivity, namely "Use", "Access", "Interconnection" and thus cost-related terms as a counter-pay. In addition, it suggests that interconnection fees and access fees should be used separately, and allows them to function as a starting point in resolving future ICT sector issues. As a result of this study, the price against the network access/use between Netflix and SK Broadband is access fee or retail price, and proposes to be used uniformly in the term "interconnection fee" only for fees incurred in interconnection between ISPs that possess or operate networks.

• Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.43 no.2
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• pp.212-220
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• 2010

Effects of sediment and toxic cyanobacterium Microcystis aeruginosa on feeding behaviors of an omnivorous fish, gold fish (Carassius auratus) were examined in laboratory and in situ mesocosm. Laboratory feeding experiments were performed in small aquaria (7 L) with cyanobacterial blooms (mainly M. aeruginosa) under the condition of sediments and no-sediments, and toxic (NIES-298) and non-toxic M. aeruginosa (NIES-101). In situ feeding experiments were conducted at the shore of eutrophic lake (Lake Ilgam, Seoul) in the mid-July, 2005. Results showed that fish introduction decreased the concentration of Chlorophyll-a (Chl-a) at higher rate in no sediment-containing aquaria. In contrast, there was a drastic increase of Chl-a in the sedimentcontaining aquaria. Fish effectively removed the M. aeruginosa cells without algal toxin (microcystin). Fish also selectively removed the large size Chl-a (>$50{\mu}m$), although all kinds of nutrients were increased after fish introduction, especially ammonia. Our results indicate that the strategic introduction of domestic omnivores Carassius auratus, to control cyanobacterial bloom in eutrophic lake will negatively play in the water quality improvement via a sediment disturbance and a density-dependent digestion.

• Journal of Korea Society of Industrial Information Systems
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• v.23 no.5
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• pp.77-87
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• 2018

The Purpose of This study is amid competition, High-quality human resources in food service industry make a lot of efforts. Especially, Work and Life Balance(WLB) is a considerable factor when modern workers decide and maintain the workplace and also it could be supposed as one strategic method that corporations could attract and maintain talented people. This study built a exploratory model that there is causal relationship of WLB(work and life balance) to employee's organizational commitment. Additionally this study examine the Moderating Effect of perceived value of work between WLB(work and life balance) and organizational commitment. This study utilized total 217 responses from workers of food service industrial employees and as analysis methods, it used descriptive statistic analysis, correlation analysis, multiple regression analysis, and hierarchical analysis. Results of analysis are as follows. First this study found that the work-life balance could give significant effects to the organizational commitment. work-growth balance and work-leisure balance has positive significance effect with the organizational commitment but work-family balance was not statistically significant. Second, The significance of this study indicates that perceived value of work plays a role as moderating variable influencing the relationship between work and growth balance and employee organizational commitment. Lastly, this study suggested the implication of the result, the limitation and the direction of future study. The results of this study provide suggestion to the company.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.6 no.4
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• pp.171-177
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• 2020

This study investigates e-service quality of online travel agency and influence on relationship quality and Reuse. The individual Chinese tourists with experiences using online travel agencies were chosen for the study. The survey was carried out at Jeju International Airport, which is the most frequently used by Chinese tourists visiting Korea. Data were collected for 7 days from July 15, 2019 to July 21, 2019. A total of 320 tourists were attended in this research and finally 300 samples were used for empirical analysis. The result of the study showed that e-service quality of online travel agencies all factors(convenience, individuality, accuracy and price attractiveness) influences on relationship quality all factors(satisfaction, trust) and the factor 'accuracy' was analyzed as the biggest among them. Moreover satisfaction and trust factors of all sub-factors of relationship quality influences on reuse. In the future, we intend to provide basic marketing data for Chinese tourists using online travel agencies to officials and practitioners. Particularly, focusing on the tourism behaviors of individual Chinese tourists, we are going to propose effective business cooperation plans and strategic alternatives with online travel agencies.

• Trans-
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• v.10
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• pp.73-113
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• 2021

Previous studies show that VR images can influence consumers' attitudes and behaviors by evoking imagination. In this study, we introduce a reality-based closed-loop 3D image (hereafter Virtualgraph). Then we try to see whether such image would increase evocativeness in a mobile commerce environment and whether higher telepresence of the visual image of a product can increase the purchase intention of that product. In order to find the above, we developed a model comprised of constructs containing telepresence, perceived value price, perceived food quality, and vividness of visual imagery questionnaire (VVIQ). We used Virtualgraph application to conduct an experiment, and then conducted an interview as well as a survey. As results of the experiment, survey and interview, we found the followings. First, users evoke imagination better with Virtualgraph than with still images. Second, increased evocativeness affects purchase intention if the perceived quality of fresh food product is satif actory. Third, increased evocativeness makes users value products higher and do even much higher when the perceived quality of fresh food product is good. From the interview, we could find that the experimental group had higher purchase intentions and perceived products as more expensive ones. Also, they perceived images of products clearer and more vivid than did the control group. We also discuss the strategic implications of using Virtualgraph in mobile shopping malls.