• Journal of the Korea Computer Graphics Society
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.9-16
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• 2011

In this paper, we describe the development of a system for generating a 3-dimensional human face and predicting it's appearance as it ages over subsequent years using 3D scanned facial data and photo images. It is composed of 3-dimensional texture mapping functions, a facial definition parameter input tool, and 3-dimensional facial prediction algorithms. With the texture mapping functions, we can generate a new model of a given face at a specified age using a scanned facial model and photo images. The texture mapping is done using three photo images - a front and two side images of a face. The facial definition parameter input tool is a user interface necessary for texture mapping and used for matching facial feature points between photo images and a 3D scanned facial model in order to obtain material values in high resolution. We have calculated material values for future facial models and predicted future facial models in high resolution with a statistical analysis using 100 scanned facial models.

• Journal of Gastric Cancer
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.242-246
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• 2013

Purpose: Reoperations after gastrectomy for gastric cancer are performed for many types of complications. Unexpected reoperations may cause mental, physical, and financial problems for patients. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the causes of reoperations and to develop a strategic decision-making process for these reoperations. Materials and Methods: From September 2002 through August 2010, 6,131 patients underwent open conventional gastrectomy operations at Samsung Medical Center. Of these, 129 patients (2.1%) required reoperation because of postoperative complications. We performed a retrospective analysis of the patients using an electronic medical record review. Statistical data were analyzed to compare age, sex, stage, type of gastrectomy, length of operation, size of tumor, and number of lymph node metastasis between patients who had been operated and those who had not. Results: The variables of age, sex, tumor stage, type of gastrectomy, length of operation, and number of lymph node metastases did not differ between the 2 groups. However, the mean tumor size in the reoperation group was greater than that in the non-reoperation group ($5.0{\pm}3.7$ [standard deviation] versus $4.1{\pm}2.9$, P=0.007). The leading cause of reoperation was surgical-site infection (n=49, 0.79%). Patients with intra-abdominal bleeding were operated on again in the shortest period after the initial gastrectomy ($6.3{\pm}4.2$ days). Patients with incisional hernia were not reoperated on until after $208.3{\pm}81.0$ days, the longest postoperative period. Conclusions: Tumor size was the major variable leading to reoperation after gastrectomy for gastric cancer. The most common complication requiring the reoperation was a surgical site-related complication.

• Culinary science and hospitality research
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.204-214
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• 2013

The purpose of this study is to identify instant noodle intake and consumption patterns of adults in metropolitan areas of Korea. There was a total of 702 subjects, 18 years of age and above, and data from the self-administrated questionnaires were collected and analyzed using comparative statistical analysis, including frequency, chi-square, t-test, and one-way ANOVA. According to the results, preference level for instant noodles among the adults was indicated to be $4.84{\pm}1.32$ and 54% of subjects either "liked" or "more than liked" noodles. People in 20s liked them the most. Noodles in envelope type package with soup are highly preferred. The most common reason why they chose to eat instant noodles was "convenience." At the same time, people avoid them because of their bad nutrition and calories. Half of the subjects consume instant noodles at least once a week mainly for lunch and dinner as a substitute for their meal. In the case of eating-together-with-family was the largest. 72.4% of subjects consumed entire soup additive content and 20.6% of them eat almost without soup because of being full and worrying that it might be harmful to health. Significant difference was shown in the preference level and intake patterns depending on respondents' general characteristics. Limitations and future research directions are also discussed.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Sensory Integration
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.61-72
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• 2010

Objective : This study tried to identify evaluation tools and intervention approaches that have been used regarding visual motor skills of children, in order to suggest the best evaluation method and intervention strategy. Methods : This study employed a systemic review. Papers researched for the review were selected from the PubMed which is a web engine to search academic articles. For search, time period of publication was limited from January 2001 to Jun 2010, and key words used were "visual motor and occupational therapy", "visuomotor and occupational therapy", and "perception and motor and occupational therapy". 13 papers among total 161 findings were selected for data analysis. Results : Through literature review, followings were founded. For population targeted in studies, children with developmental disorder are majority(20.00%) and those with handwriting problems are another major group(13.33%). DTVP(33.33%) and VMI(26.67%) are most common tools used to evaluate visual motor skills. Most frequently used intervention method is developmental skill based program(58.82) and the second common method is sensory integration therapy and sensory-based intervention(23.53%). Regarding the effectiveness of occupational therapy for visual motor skill, positive evidences with statistical power take 72.73%. Conclusion : The results imply that occupational therapy is effective for visual motor skill in children. It is suggested that further studies are needed to encompass effectiveness of occupational therapy in terms of children's occupational performance.

• Physical Therapy Korea
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.35-42
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• 2006

The walker provides stability for walking for people whose lower extremities are disabled. It is important to measure and determine the appropriate height of a walker to conserve energy and to improve function. The purposes of this study were to examine effects of walker height and gait velocity on triceps, latissimus dorsi muscle activation, and energy expenditure index (EEI) during ambulation with a walker. Fifteen healthy subjects participated in this study. Each subject was assigned a walker with one of three heights (high, standard, lower height) and of two gait velocities (comfortable gait velocity or fast gait velocity). Electromyographic data were collected from triceps and latissimus dorsi, and EEI was determined from each condition. Two-way repeated analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to determine the statistical significance. Post hoc comparison was performed with the Bonferroni test. The results of this study were summarized as follows: 1. There was a significant difference in the %MVIC of triceps among different walker height factors. Post hoc comparison revealed that %MVIC of dominant triceps brachii was more significantly increased in patients who used the higher walker than those who used the lower walker (p<.05). 2. There were significant differences in the %MVIC of the latissimus dorsi among different walker height factors and gait velocity factors. Post hoc comparison revealed that the %MVIC of dominant latissimus dorsi was also more significantly increased in patients who used the higher walker than those who used the lower walker (p<.05) and in those who used the faster gait velocity than those who used the slower gait velocity (p<.05). 3. There were significant differences in the EEI among different walker height factors and gait velocity factors. Post hoc comparison revealed that the EEI was significantly increased among those who used higher and lower walkers compared with the standard walker. The EEI was also more significantly increased among those who used the fast gait velocity than those who used the slower gait velocity (p<.05). It has been concluded that increased muscle activation in triceps and latissimus dorsi was required when the walker height increased and that more energy was exp ended when the gait velocity increased. Therefore, from the findings of this study, it is recommended that walker height be adjusted according to the purposes of gait training and that healthy subjects conserve energy when ambulating with standard walkers in a comfortable gait velocity.

• Journal of the Korean BIBLIA Society for library and Information Science
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.132-177
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• 1974

Toe public library may perform a social good only when its objectives are adequate to the community's needs. The present purpose of the public library in the Korean Library Act has no direct concern for our social needs from its very beginning because it was not created in response to our social needs but transplanted from American principles. It is, therefore. difficult to expect socially useful output of our public library programs under the present purpose which may be inadequate to our social tradition and needs. This study purposes to examine validity of the present purpose of the public library in the Korean Library Act, in the light of our community needs and our own library tradition. The methods employed to achieve the purpose of the study are (1) to survey needs of the library frequenters through questionnaire, and interviews with the public librarians in Seoul, (2) to gather the statistical data relevant to, and supporting, the hypothesis, and (3) to compare our social background with that of the United States of which the American purpose, a model for our present purpose, came out. The conclusion is as follows: A. The idea to induce people to pull themselves upward by providing for all the members of the community access to the world's best books shelved in the public library should be abandoned. The reasons are (1) that the idea is alien in our public library tradition, (2) that little demand of the community goes with the idea, and (3) that reading outside the library has come into wide practice, thanks to recent increase in individual income and that in publications. B. That the public library maintains fiction and other recreational reading materials is meaningless in the light of the community needs. These are the two explanations supporting the thesis. (1) The "uplift" theory has proved inoperative and people apparently do not progress from, light fiction to more respectable fare. (2) The conviction that fiction and other recreational reading materials keep the middling classes from the "vicious" entertainments maintaining order in the community by giving them a harmless source of recreation has lost its significance as the modern society provides a number of choices in recreation: television is an obvious example. C. The nature of the informational needs of the community has radically changed, so radically as to require substantial changes in the outlook, collections, and services of the public library, which is :slow in adopting itself to the new social surroundings in Korea. D. 92.2 per Cent of the present frequenters of the public library are high school and college students. Since the library is to meet the existing community needs it should turn its attention to the student group, and develop the means to serve it better, not the "theoretical group of specialists who do not come to "the public library. E. In revision of the purpose of the public library, priority of each objective should be given. The priorities in the last analysis are research and information. culture, recreation in that order.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.13 no.5
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• pp.713-722
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• 2008

The purpose of this study was to investigate the association among nutrient intakes and health-related lifestyles with cardiovascular disease risk assessed by blood lipid profile according to Apolipoprotein E genotypes. Middle-aged industrial male workers who had completed their annual medical examination were recruited and data of 675 subjects who finished the nutrient survey were used in the analysis. Anthropometric parameters, dietary assessment (FFQ), health-related lifestyles and blood profiles were used for statistical analyses. Apo E genotype groups were classified into the following three genotypes: Apo E2 group (including E2/E2, E2/E3, E2/E4), Apo E3 group (including E3/E3), Apo E4 group (including E3/E4, E4/E4). The frequency of Apo E2, E3, and E4 allele were 13.3%, 75.0% and 11.7% respectively. There were no significant differences in the anthropometric parameters depending on different Apo E genotypes. Also, no significant differences in the nutrient intakes were found according to the genotype groups. The nutrient intakes of all subjects were similar to or higher than the level of KDRIs (Dietary Reference Intakes For Koreans) except for intakes of calcium (67.44% of KDRIs), vitamin A (73.83% of KDRIs) and vitamin $B_2$ (78.02% of KDRIs). Also, there were no significant differences of health-related lifestyles according to Apo E genotype groups. As for the lipid profiles, Apo E4 group had significantly higher total and LDL-cholesterol concentrations than the Apo E2 group (p < 0.05). We confirmed that plasma total and LDL-cholesterol concentrations were greatly influenced by Apo E genotypes. However, nutrient intakes and health-related lifestyles were not associated with Apo E genotypes.

• Explosives and Blasting
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.27-39
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• 2010

Blast design equations based on the concept of scaled distances can be obtained from the statistical analysis on measured peak particle velocity data of ground vibrations. These equations represents the minimum scale distance of various recommendations for safe blasting. Two types of scaled distance widely used in Korea are the square root scaled distance (SRSD) and cube root scaled distance (CRSD). Thus, the design equations have the forms of $D/\sqrt{W}{\geq}30m/kg^{1/2}$ and $D/\sqrt[3]{W}{\geq}60m/kg^{1/3}$ in the cases of SRSD and CRSD, respectively. With these equations and known distance, we can calculate the maximum charge weight per delay that can assure the safety of nearby structures against ground vibrations. The maximum charge weights per delay, however, are in the orders of $W=O(D^2)$ and $W=O(D^3)$ for SRSD and CRSD, respectively. So, compared with SRSD, the maximum charge for CRSD increases without bound especially after the intersection point of these two charge functions despite of the similar goodness of fits. To prevent structural damage that may be caused by the excessive charge in the case of CRSD, we suggest that CRSD be used within a specified distance slightly beyond the intersection point. The exact limit is up to the point, beyond which the charge difference of SRSD and CRSD begins to exceed the maximum difference between the two within the intersection point.

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.9 no.spc3
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• pp.167-177
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• 2006

In this study, we developed a tool for measuring user's emotions expressed while using a product in the natural and accessible environment for the design field. Also, using emotional word logging software VideoTAME, we measured a user's emotions expressed while using a product. In the testing module of VideoTAME, participants evaluate their emotional changes through playing and watching the video clips of their performing tasks in the experiment room. In the analyzing module, the researchers replay the results created by participants during the experiment and analyze the results using Microsoft Excel. In this research, we have asked users to examine their emotional changes while watching the recorded video clip of them in the experiment room performing a series of tasks using a cellular phone. In this experiment, there were no big differences in the representative emotions expressed for each characteristics of task. The reason for this can be assumed it is because of the emotional changes occurred while facing specific situations when performing a task rather than the task itself. If more data is collected and concrete statistical analysis is done, it is expected that we can clarify what effect a product's usability has on user's emotions.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Library and Information Science
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• v.51 no.4
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• pp.183-201
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• 2017

The purpose of this study was to examine the current staffing practices in public libraries and to analyze the relevance of legal standards of public library staffing. It analyzed the national library statistical data to obtain the national average staffing rate, reviewed related literature to understand the rationales that established the key attributes that construct the current legal standards, and compared the placement rates of the three standards, namely the current legal standards, Korean Library Association's standards, and IFLA staffing standards, to determine the optimacy of the legal standards. It found the current placement rate in the legal standard was only 18.2%, marking the lowest rates among the three compared standards, indicating the current legal standards being unnecessarily high. The study attributes the problem to the structure of the current legal standards that calculate the staffing size based on the building and collection size rather than service populations. The findings of this study suggest a revision of the current standard based on service population while retaining the minimum staffing of three librarians even the smallest public library unit.