• 유통과학연구
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• 제20권11호
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• pp.1-9
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• 2022

Purpose: This study determines the effect of spending distribution, namely experiential, impulsive, self-expressive, prosocial, and conspicuous spending, on the financial well-being of young working women in Malaysia. Research design, data and methodology: This study employed a quantitative and deductive approach. A sample of 400 young working women was selected using a systematic sampling technique. Data were collected using a self-administered questionnaire and analysed using Structural Equation Modelling (CB-SEM). Results: The findings revealed prosocial and impulsive spending as the significant spending distribution to affect financial well-being. The effect of prosocial spending is positive on financial well-being, while the effect of impulsive spending is a negative predictor of financial well-being. All other spending distribution - experiential, self-expressive, and conspicuous spending - do not have a significant effect on financial well-being. Conclusion: To achieve financial well-being, young working women need to distribute the spending budget for the happiness of others and reduce impulse buying. The findings provide useful insights on the significant role of spending distribution in influencing, how to fuel young working women to develop good spending habits that consequently improve their financial well-being, for themselves and Malaysian economics, as well as the plausible solution to overcome financial problems and high indebtedness.

• Asia pacific journal of information systems
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.59-75
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• 1999

Identifying benefit from IT spending is of great concern to most firms in today's competing world. Cost-benefit analysis of IT spending can be conducted when firms have systematic management process of IT spending and the supporting data. This paper examined Korean firm's management process of IT spending, and proposes the best practice. Management process of IT spending and the definition of IT expense and investment were proposed based on the best practice. A proposition that "IT expenses and investments need to be distinguished to manage IT spending effectively' was proposed. Hypotheses were generated and tested with empirical data. Statistical analyses show that ratios of IT investment to IT expense were significantly different during the study period. The results of the study imply that firms can acquire useful information by distinguishing IT expense and investment in the management process of IT spending.

• 가정과삶의질연구
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.73-92
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• 2006

This paper investigates the causal relationships between financial attitudes, spending behaviors and the financial satisfaction of adolescent consumers. The study used Cronbach' $\alpha$, t-test, one-way ANOVA, Duncan's multiple range test, multiple regression and path analysis for statistical analysis and applied it to 1,252 questionnaires. The results are summarized as follows: Path analysis revealed that the financial satisfaction of adolescents had a direct linear relationship with variables such as grade, sex, financial attitudes. (financial situation compared to past and financial situation compared to others) and types of spending behaviors (planned, conspicuous and excessive). Planned spending behavior was the most influential variable on financial satisfaction. Planned spending behavior had positive linear relationship with the attitude toward the past financial situation. Conspicuous spending behavior had positive linear relationships with the attitudes toward the past financial situation and the financial situation compared to others. However, it showed negative relationship with the attitude toward a future financial situation. Impulsive spending behavior had a positive relationship with the attitude toward others' financial situation. Excessive spending had a positive relationship with the attitude toward a past financial situation but showed a negative relationship to the attitude toward others' financial situation.

• 가정과삶의질연구
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• 제23권5호
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• pp.103-122
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• 2005

The purpose of this study was to examine the influences of their money attitudes to spending behaviors of middle, high, and college students. The total number of students selected for this study were 1,252. Factor analysis, Cronbach' ${\alpha}$, two-way ANOVA, Duncan' multiple range test, Pearson correlation analysis, and multiple regression were used for statistical analysis. The results were summarized as followings: 1) The tendency of attitude that money is good was highest. Also, the tendency of attitude that money represents freedom and power was slightly high. On the other hand the attitudes that money represents achievement, and that money is evil were low. Especially the attitude that money represents respect was lowest. 2) Resulting from two-way ANOVA, the attitudes that money is good and represents achievement showed significant interaction effects between sex and age. The altitude that money is good showed significant differences by sex especially among middle and high school students. The altitude that money represents achievement showed significant differences by age among the male students. Three types of attitudes that money is evil, money represents respect, and money represents both freedom and power showed significant main effects in different age groups. Also the attitude that money represents freedom and power showed significant main effect by different sexes. 3) Four different types of measuring spending behaviors scored slightly low mark. 4) Resulting from two-way ANOVA, four different spending behaviors showed significant difference only by sexes and ages. Planned spalding behavior and conscious spending behavior showed significant differences in ages and sexes separately. While impulsive spending behavior by different age groups resulted in significant differences. Excessive spending behavior by sexes resulted in significant differences. 5) Regression analysis showed that planned spending behavior had the linear relationships in no, sex, self-esteem, and attitude that money is good. Conscious spending behavior had the linear relationships in ses, and attitudes that money represent achievement. respect, and freedom. Impulsive spending behavior had the linear relationships in age, self-esteem, and attitudes that money is good and that money is evil, and attitude that money represent freedom, Excessive spending behavior had the linear relationships in sex, self-esteem, and attitudes that money represent achievement, respect and freedom.

• 유통과학연구
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• 제19권7호
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• pp.51-59
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• 2021

Purpose: Anger has become one of the dominantly experienced emotions in recent years, particularly under the COVID-19 pandemic. Considering the critical role that anger plays in consumers' lives, the present research examines how feeling angry about money influences consumers' spending and money distribution decisions. Research design and methodology. Three experiments were conducted using different emotion induction methods (i.e., dictator game, autobiographical recall, and scenario). Results. Feeling angry about money decreased pro-social spending (i.e., less money distribution to the others), but it did not affect virtuous or utilitarian spending for the self-unlike past finding on negative feelings that increased utilitarian spending. Furthermore, whereas anger-tainted money decreased pro-social spending of that money, guilt-tainted money increased pro-social spending. However, the effects of guilt versus anger were not completely symmetrical. The antagonistic effect of anger was diffusive across spending on distant and close others, whereas the pro-social effect of guilt was limited to distant others. Conclusions: These findings help policy makers and financial institutions forecast how money will be distributed or circulated when it is likely to be dampened by anger under the pandemic. They also highlight the importance of examining the effects of discrete emotions (e.g., anger vs. guilt) beyond valence.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제15권13호
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• pp.5265-5270
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• 2014

Background: In Korea, the National Health Insurance program has initiated various copayment policies over a decade in order to alleviate patient financial burden. This study investigated healthcare spending and utilization in the last 12 months of life among patients who died with lung cancer by various copayment policy windows. Materials and Methods: We performed a retrospective cohort study using nationwide lung cancer health insurance claims data from 2002 to 2012. We used descriptive and multivariate methods to compare spending measured by total costs, payer costs, copayments, and utilization (measured by length of stay or outpatient days). Using 1,4417,380 individual health insurance claims (inpatients: 673,122, outpatients: 744,258), we obtained aggregated healthcare spending and utilization of 155,273 individual patient (131,494 inpatient and 103,855 outpatient) records. Results: National spending and utilization is growing, with a significant portion of inpatient healthcare spending and utilization occurring during the end-of-life period. Specifically, inpatients were more likely to have more spending and utilization as they got close to death. As coverage expanded, copayments decreased, but overall costs increased due to increased utilization. The trends were the same in both inpatient and outpatient services. Multivariate analysis confirmed the associations. Conclusions: We found evidence of the higher end of life healthcare spending and utilizations in lung cancer patients occurring as coverage expanded. The practice pattern within a hospital might be influenced by coverage policies. Health policy makers should consider initiating various health policies since these influence the long-term outcomes of service performance and overall healthcare spending and utilization.

• 한국사회복지학
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• 제59권1호
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• pp.329-351
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• 2007

이 연구는 Beck(1991)이 제안한 오차교정모형(error correction models)을 이용하여 우리나라 기초지방정부의 사회복지비 지출비중의 변화를 분석하였다. 분석결과는 크게 네 가지로 요약된다. 첫째, 지역인구의 증가는 사회복지비 지출비중을 단기적으로 증가시킨다. 둘째, 노인인구비중이 높고 경제개발비 및 기존 사회복지비 지출비중이 낮을 경우, 장기적으로 기초지방정부의 사회복지비 지출비중이 커진다. 셋째, 우리나라에서 기초지방정부 사회복지비 지출비중의 변화에 대한 지방자치(지방선거)의 영향력은 분명하지 않다. 넷째, 어떤 기초지방정부의 사회복지비 지출비중의 수준과 성장률이 클 경우, 그것과 인접한 다른 기초지방정부의 사회복지비 지출비중이 장 단기적으로 크게 상승한다. 전체적으로, 본 연구의 분석결과는 우리나라 기초지방정부들의 사회복지비 지출비중의 변화가 각 지역의 내부정책 환경의 변화보다는 중앙 광역 기초지방정부간의 정치적 제도적 상호작용의 결과임을 시사한다.

• 가정과삶의질연구
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.1-13
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• 2007

The determinansts of expenditure spent on medical care and the ratio of medical care spending to consumption expenditure were investigated using the 2002 House Income and Expenditure Survey by the Korea National Statistical Office, which consisted of a sample of 918 elderly households. There were significant differences in expenditure on medical care and the ratio of medical care spending to consumption expenditure between elderly and nonelderly households. Age, education, overspending were significant factors that determine the expenditure on medical care and the ratio of medical care spending to consumption expenditure. Overspending is the most important factor related to expenditure on medical care and the ratio of medical care spending to consumption expenditure.

• 노동경제논집
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• 제32권3호
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• pp.61-89
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• 2009

본 논문은 CECD의 PISA 2006 자료를 사용하여 전 세계의 상이한 국가들에서 사교육에 대한 지출(private education expenditures)이 학업성적 향상에 어떤 영향을 미치는지를 추정하였다. 사교육비 지출의 내생성을 통제하기 위하여 성향점수 매칭법을 사용하였다. 실증 결과에 의하면, PISA 2006 자료에 조사된 15개 국가들 각각에서 사교육비 지출의 효과는 그리 크지 않다. 사교육비 지출을 10% 증가시킬 때 성적은 평균 0.6% 정도 또는 그 이하로 증가한다.

• 한국심리학회지 : 문화 및 사회문제
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.79-99
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• 2018

최근 돈을 행복하게 소비하는 방법에 대한 논의가 활발하다. 그중 대표적인 것으로는 자신보다 타인을 위해 돈을 사용하는 친사회적 소비를 꼽을 수 있다. 본 연구는 이러한 친사회적 소비가 행복에 미치는 영향력이개인의 외로움 수준에 따라 어떻게 달라지는지 살펴보았다. 친사회적 소비가 제공하는 관계적 혜택을 고려했을 때 친사회적 소비는 외로운 사람의 행복에 특히 효과적일 가능성이 있다. 예상대로, 연구 1과 2에서 일관되게 외로운 사람일수록 친사회적 소비로부터 더 큰 행복을 느끼는 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 현상은 친사회적 소비의 측정 방법(연구 1: 평상시 소비 습관, 연구 2: 자원 분배 과제) 또는 행복의 측정 방법(연구 1: 기질적 행복감, 연구 2: 일시적 행복감)에 관계없이 동일했다. 이상의 결과는 타인을 위해 돈을 소비하는 것이 외로운 사람의 행복을 높이는 데 특히 효과적임을 보여준다. 본 연구는 친사회적 소비와 행복에 관한 새로운 개인차 요인을 밝혔다는 점에서 의의가 있다.