• 대한전기학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전기학회 1999년도 하계학술대회 논문집 G
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• pp.3039-3041
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• 1999

본 연구에서는 과수원에서 사용되는 농약살포용 스피드 스프레이어기(SS기)의 자율주행을 위한 시스템을 개발하였다. 과거의 SS기의 자율주행을 실현한 시스템은 대부분 고가의 장비를 사용하거나 실용성이 결여된 점에 비추어 본 연구에서는 실용가능성에 역점을 두어서 저가의 실용 가능한 시스템을 구성하고자 하였다. 개발된 자율주행 시스템의 특징으로는 1) 하드웨어 시스템을 고성능 프로세서를 이용하여 중앙집중식으로 개발 하였으며 2) 초음파센서의 보정 및 보강을 통해서 오차를 최소화하는 알고리즘을 개발하였으며 3) 현장에서 사용시 진동등의 noise에 강한 robust 시스템을 구성하였으며 4) 자율주행을 제어하기 위해서 퍼지알고리즘을 도입한 지능제어를 실현하였다.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• 제33권2호
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• pp.94-100
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• 2008

Present chemical application method using a power sprayer has been labor intensive, costly and ineffective. Therefore, a small agricultural unmanned helicopter was suggested to replace the conventional spray system. In this study, conceptual design for developing the helicopter and a consequential prototype were reported. The overall conceptual design was initiated by deciding the type of agricultural helicopter, as the single rotor helicopter with a tail system. As the first step of the designing, an air-cooled, 2-stroke engine was selected and a prototype transmission was designed by determining the rotating speed of main rotor shaft. A 'pusher' type tail rotor system was adapted to balance the reaction torque and reduce the power use. The tail boom length was designed to avoid the rotating trajectory of the main rotor. The RF console consisted of the engine control, attitude control, and emergency control modules. Assembling the prototype concluded the mechanical development of the agricultural helicopter.

• 한국농공학회지
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.3053-3058
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• 1973

1. This study was conducted to examine the effects of change of the short range nozzle hole on the travelling distance. The results of this study are summarized as follows; a) Effect of change of the cap hole diameter on the travelling distance of sprayed particles was generally a linear, the increasing rate was about 0.27. b) When the difference between the sectional area of cap hole and that of grooves of swirl plate, was small the travelling distance was decreased by the decreasing of spraying speed at cap hole. 2. This study was conducted to examine the effects of change of the short range nozzle hole on the size of spraying particles. The results of this study are summarized as follows; a) The diameter of sprayed particles on travelling distances in the short range nozzle did not coincide with the kinetic energy principle derived from the momentum and the resistance. b) The average diameter of sprayed particle between 1m and 3m in which amount of sprayed particle was particularly a great deal, was big, because that some of sprayed particles were absorbed each other on the way to fall c) Effect of increase of cap hole diameter was generally enlarged the average diameter of sprayed particle with small rate.

• 농약과학회지
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.116-122
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• 2010

본 연구는 고독성 농약의 농약살포작업자에 대한 위해성을 알아보기 위하여 수행되었다. 국내에서 등록되어 사용되고 있는 고독성 농약 중 분무의 형태로 과수에 살포되는 11품목의 농약에 대한 일반적인 사용정보와 우리나라의 농약사용실태 조사를 통하여 습득한 데이터를 노출량산정 프로그램인 UK-POEM에 적용하여 농약살포자의 농약노출량을 산정하고, 산정된 노출량을 국제기구에서 발표한 농약에 대한 독성기준치와 비교하여 위해성 지표를 산출하였다. 개인보호장비를 착용한 경우 오메토에이트 유제의 위해성 지수는 SS기를 이용하여 농약을 살포할 때와 MS기를 이용하여 농약을 살포할 때 각각 338과 75로 가장 높았으며, 모든 고독성 농약에 대한 위해성 지수가 1이상으로 평가되었다. 이는 고독성 농약의 농약살포자에 대한 위해가능성이 매우 높다는 것을 의미한다.

• 한국작물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국작물학회 2017년도 9th Asian Crop Science Association conference
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• pp.268-268
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• 2017

Common sowing method of italian ryegrass (IRG) has been using the backpack seed sprayer (BSS) in Korea. It has weak point including a hard work and a little sowing area. This study was conducted to find out the effects of sowing IRG using unmanned helicopter (UH) under the established rice field. We checked the labour saving of sowing IRG and the growth and yield of rice after using IRG as forage crop. Two sowing implements(using by UH and backpack seed sprayer (BSS)) were tested for the ability of sowing IRG. For proper pretreatment of IRG seeds for aerial sowing using with UH, we tested one-day soaking seeds, iron-coated seeds, coated seeds sold in stores and untreated seeds. Aerial sowing of IRG seeds using UH was tested under the speed 10 km/h and flying altitude 3~4m. We tried to confirm the effects on rice growth in a paddy field after IRG had been used as forage in mid May. In 6 hours of seeding per day, UH had a seeding area of 21.8 hectares, three times wider than BSS. UH had a decrease of about 63 percent of sowing-seed cost in comparison with BSS. In the IRG aerial sowing using UH, coating seeds had the wider sowing width of 5~6 meter than 3~4 meter untreated seeds. Residual dry matter of IRG after using forage had 4.5 ton per hectare and 20 percent of top dry matter. The amount of nitrogen remaining in residual IRG in the soil was 12 kg per hectare, and the other nutrients such as calcium and potassium was incorporated into the soil with less than 10 kg/ha. The rice yield after the harvesting IRG was 5 percent higher than that of rice single cropping. Consequently, IRG sowing using UH was effective in reducing sowing time and sowing cost compared with conventional methods and, it is considered that there is a positive effect on the rice cultivation compared to rice single cropping.

• 원예과학기술지
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• 제31권2호
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• pp.239-245
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• 2013

Occupational exposure and risk assessment were conducted to evaluate the safety of operators when insecticide acetamiprid was applied to apple orchard using a speed sprayer. Dermal patches, cotton gloves, socks, and masks were used to monitor the dermal exposure, and personal air pump with solid sorbent was used to measure the potential inhalation exposure. In validation to analytical methods, the limit of detection and limit of quantitation were 0.25 ng and 1 ng, respectively. Good reproducibility (coefficient variation < 4%), linearity (coefficient determination > 0.999), and recovery (85.3-118.2%) were obtained. Trapping efficiency of solid sorbent was 96.4% while breakthrough did not occur. Only hand exposure was measured on the gloves during mixing/loading to give $33-1,132{\mu}g$. Exposure amount of operator 3 among 4 workers was noticeably high. The total volumes of spray liquid for operators were $535-1,235mL{\cdot}h^{-1}$, corresponding to 0.03-0.08% of the applied spray solution. Highest contaminated parts of body were thighs, chest, and lower legs. The inhalation exposure ratio to the total application amount was significantly low. However, wind seemed to affect the inhalation exposure of operator. For risk assessment, margin of safety was calculated by the application of cloth and dermal penetration rate to obtain values of much larger than 1 in all cases. Therefore, health risk of operators during treatment of acetamiprid in apple orchard could be of least possibility.

• 드라이브 ㆍ 컨트롤
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.23-30
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• 2020

Driving on irregular and inclined roads using agricultural machinery such as spraying machines or trucks in orchards causes farmer casualties associated with the overturning of agricultural machinery. In addition, the harm to agricultural workers caused by the excessive inhalation of the scattered pesticide frequently occurs during pest control processes. To address these problems, we introduced precision agricultural technology that could selectively spray pesticides only where the fruit is present by recognizing the presence or shape of the fruit in the orchard. In this paper, a 16-channel LIDAR (VLP-16) made of Velodyne was used to identify the shape of fruit trees. Solenoid valves were attached to the end parts of 12 nozzles of the orchard spraying machine for on/off control. The smart spraying machine implemented in this way was mounted on a vehicle capable of autonomous travel and performed selective control depending upon the shape of the fruit trees while traveling in the orchards. This is expected to significantly reduce the amounts of pesticides used in orchards and production costs.

• 한국자동차공학회논문집
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.285-293
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• 2016

The high velocity oxygen fuel(HVOF) thermal spray is a kind of surface modification techniques to produce the sprayed coating layer. This process is to form the coating layer after spraying the powder to molten or semi-molten state by the ultra-high speed at the high-temperature heat source and conflicting with a substrate. The efficiency of thermal spraying is dropped, however, because the semi-molten powder in a spray process become a factor that degrades the mechanical property by the formed pore within the coating layer. Therefore, it is necessary to melt completely the thermal spray powder in order to produce the coating layer with an optimal adhesive force. In this study, to improve the wear resistance, corrosion resistance and heat resistance, the plungers of high-speed and ultra-high pressure reciprocating hydraulic pumps used in ironworks are manufactured with STS $420J_2$ and are coated by the powders of WC-Co-Cr and WC-Cr-Ni including the WC of high hardness using a HVOF thermal sprayer developed in this laboratory. These are called by the surface-modified plungers. The surface roughness, hardness, and surface and cross-sectional microstructure of these two surface-modified and conventional ceramic plungers are measured and compared before operation with after operation for 100 days. It is found that the values of centerline average surface roughness and maximum height for conventional ceramic plunger are 9.5 to 10.8 and 5.2 to 5.7 times higher than those of surface-modified ones coated by WC-Co-Cr and WC-Cr-Ni because the fine tops and bottoms on surface roughness curve of conventional ceramic plunger are approximately 100 times higher than those of surface-modified ones. In addition, the pores and scratches in the surface microstructure are considerably formed in the order of conventional ceramic, WC-Cr-Ni and WC-Co-Cr surface-modified plungers. The greater the WC content of high hardness powder is less the change in the plunger surface.

• 농약과학회지
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.507-528
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• 2011

포장에서 농약 살포액의 조제, 살포 등의 작업을 수행하는 농작업자는 피부노출, 호흡노출경로를 통해 농약에 노출되며, 이러한 상황에서의 농약 노출에 대한 합리적인 위해성 평가를 위해서는 해당 영농상황에서 노출량을 정량적으로 측정해야 한다. 농약 노출 측정방법으로 patch, 장갑, 양말, 마스크를 이용하는 방법과 호흡 노출은 주로 고체흡착제와 공기흡입펌프가 연결된 personal air monitor를 사용하는 것이 좋을 것으로 판단된다. 이 농작업자의 정량적 피부 노출 측정법으로 유효할 것으로 판단된다. 노출 재료에 침착/부착된 농약량이나 고체흡착제에 포집된 농약량을 신체 전체에 대한 농약 노출량으로 외삽하기 위한 EPA 자료를 대체할 수 있도록 한국 사람의 표준 신체표면적 및 호흡률을 제안하였다. 중요한 노출 인자인 피부노출의 의복 침투율과 피부 침투율, 그리고 호흡노출의 침투율을 UK-POEM과 관련된 연구결과를 참고하여 다양하게 제안하였다. 노출 평가를 위한 살포 시간은 노출 측정 재료에 침착된 농약이 분석이 될 만큼 충분한 농약이 포집될 수 있도록 살포시간이 충분해야 하는데, 국내의 SS기나 동력분무기의 경우는 1반복 당 모두 약 20~40분에 살포(약 0.1~0.2 ha)로 해서 3반복 측정 결과를 4시간으로 환산할 것을 제안하였다.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제41권2호
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• pp.243-249
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• 1996

104ha의 대규모 기계화 벼농장을 대상으로 그 농장이 당면하고 있는 재배기술상의 문제점이 무엇인가를 파악하여 앞으로 우리나라 벼농사가 국제경쟁력을 갖추기 위해 지향해야 할 대규모 기계화 벼 재배기술 확립에 기여코자 하였는 바 얻어진 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 104ha 규모의 경영을 위한 주요 농기계로 트랙터(80마력) 3대, 콤바인(6조식) 3대, 건조기(40석) 4대, 방제기 1대(4톤)가 필요하였다. 그러나 대면적재배에서 가장 중요한 문제는 적기수확이 가능토록 합리적으로 품종을 조합하고 알맞는 성능과 대수의 콤바인을 투입하며 고장없이 효율적으로 가동하고, 건조능력에 맞추어 수확물량을 조절하는 것이었다. 2. 104ha 논면적에 1회의 파종, 시비 및 제초제 시용을 위하여는 각각 연인원 100명씩이, 콤바인 수확에는 연인원 150명, 농약 1회 살포에는 연인원 60명 의 인력 이 소요되 었다. 3. 대면적 논의 필지구획시에는 시판중이거나 보유중인 농기계의 성능을 고려하여 필지 크기를 정할 필요가 있다. 4. 벼의 대면적 재배일수록 수확작업이 늦어져 미질이 극히 나빠질 가능성이 매우 높았다. 104ha 규모에서 벼의 수확이 출수후 100일이 넘는 예가 있었다. 5. 대면적 경영일수록 단 1회의 농작업은 많은 인력, 자재 및 비용의 투입을 뜻하므로 소면적 재배와는 달리 생력을 위한 각별한 노력이 필요하다.