• Phonetics and Speech Sciences
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• v.2 no.4
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• pp.223-228
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• 2010

This study investigated the closed quotient and other voice quality parameters using electroglottography (EGG) in sustaining the vowel /a/ and reading a sentence at the comfortable pitch and loudness in healthy Korean adults. Seventy two healthy adults (36 men, 36 women) aged 20~40 years were included in the study. The tasks were recorded and analyzed using Lx Speech Studio. In vowel sustaining task, closed quotient (Qx), fundamental frequency (Fx), sound pressure level (SPL), Jitter, and Shimmer were measured. In sentence reading task, closed quotient (DQx), fundamental frequency (DFx), and sound pressure level (DAx) were measured. The sex effects were observed on Qx, Fx, Shimmer, DQx, and DFx. Men had significantly higher Qx and DQx than women, but had significantly lower Shimmer than women. However, there was no sex effect on Jitter. The task effects on Qx and SPL as well as DQx and DAx were also assessed. Qx and SPL were significantly higher than DQx and DAx in both gender. This study showed that the closed quotients in both vowel sustaining and sentence reading tasks were significantly related to other voice quality parameters. Therefore, clinicians and researchers should describe the voice quality parameters like fundamental frequency, sound pressure level, Jitter, Shimmer, and so on when reporting closed quotients using EGG.

• Proceedings of the KSPS conference
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• 2006.05a
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• pp.105-108
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• 2006

The purpose of this study was to investigate the diadochokinetic characters in the patients with spastic cerebral palsy(CP) in severity. The diadochokinetic characters were measured through rate, regularity, accuracy and consistency. The subjects participated in this study included 27 persons with spastic CP(mild- 9, moderate- 9, severe- 9) and 9 normal persons who is around 11-20 years old. On the result of this study, rate in AMR was significant difference between all spastic groups and normal group, and rate in SMR was significant difference between normal and mild groups and moderate and severe groups. In regularity of diadochokinetic task, severe group had significant difference the other groups. Finally, accuracy and consistency of diadochokinetic task exhibited significant difference between all spastic groups and normal group.

• Speech Sciences
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.183-195
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• 2005

In the present study, we investigated development of verb inflections or endings in 3- to 5-year old Korean-speaking children using 28 action verbs for both comprehension and production tasks. For each verb, a l0-second long motion picture and a sheet of paper with three random-ordered color pictures representing 'before, in the middle of, at the end of' the action were generated. A past tense inflection' -et ta,' two present progressive verb endings '-enta' & '-ko itta.' a future tense ending '-elyeko hanta' were tested. In the comprehension task, children were asked to point to a picture correctly representing the tense of a presented verb. In the production task, children were asked to produce a verb with correctly marking the tense of a presented picture. The order of the two tasks were counterbalanced across the children, and the motion pictures were only presented in the first task. Across the ages, the performance accuracies on both comprehension and production tasks were the highest for the past tense marking followed by two present progressive and future tense markings. For each verb endings, the changes of accuracies across ages were analyzed in both tasks. The types of errors for production tasks were also reported.

• Phonetics and Speech Sciences
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.123-131
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• 2014

The purpose of this study is to investigate the comprehension and production of various tense markings in Korean-speaking children with and without language delay. Thirty children with language delay(LD) and 30 typically developing(TD) children participated in the study. In each group, half were at the age of 4-years and the other half at 7-years. In both the comprehension and production task, 28 verbs containing four types of tense markings were used: past tense '-et ta', two present progressives '-ko itta', '-enta', and future tense '-elyeko hanta'. In the comprehension task, the children were presented with three printed still-scenes of video recording of a verb action, each representing future, present progressive, and past tense of the verb, respectively. Then they listened to the action verb with one of the 4 tense markings and had to pick the scene that matched the verb tense. In the production task, the children were given one of the three scenes and asked to produce the verb with appropriate tense marking. In both tasks, the LD children performed significantly worse than the TD children, and the older children performed significantly better than the younger children. Interestingly, the pattern of performances across different types of tense markings at the two language-age levels were closely similar in LD children and TD children. This similarity of groups seemed stronger in the comprehension task than the production task.

• Speech Sciences
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.111-118
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• 2008

We identified the characteristic impairmants of linguistic semantic memory in patients with prodromal Alzheimer's disease(AD) and mild AD. To elucidate the earliest changes of semantic language function in subjects with AD, performances on confrontation naming test and verbal fluency task were compared among patients with AD patients (n=20), mild AD patients (n=27) and healthy elderly controls (n=20). Tasks in this study included the confrontation naming test of Test of Lexical Processing in Aphasia(TLPA/Japanese) and one-minute verbal fluency task (semantic/ phonetic categories). The results were as follows: 1) Performances of the prodromal AD group showed the comparable to those of the control group on the confrontation naming test, 2) In the semantic/phonetic verbal fluency tasks, the performances of the control group were better than those of the prodromal AD and mild AD groups, but no significant differences were shown between the prodromal AD and the mild AD group.

• MALSORI
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• no.61
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• pp.31-48
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• 2007

This study investigated the roles of name agreement and word frequency in the English-Korean word translation task. Using the low-frequency homonyms with low name agreement as stimuli, Experiment 1 revealed that the name agreement of materials is a determinant which could modulate times to translate English words into Korean equivalents. On the contrary, Experiment 2 showed that the name agreement of materials does not play a decisive role in the translation task, using the low-frequency homonyms having high name agreement as stimuli. In Experiment 3, we identified that the frequency effects observed from previous two experiments are indeed brought about during the lexical access. Our findings suggest that the word frequencies of materials have a strong influence on English-Korean word translation times, and homonyms are represented independently each other in the lexeme level.

• Phonetics and Speech Sciences
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.33-40
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• 2014

The purpose of the study was to examine alternating motion rate and its variability in children with childhood apraxia of speech (CAS) compared to typically developing children. Six children with CAS aged 9-12 years old and 10 children who were age-matched participated in the study. This study measured tokens per second and variabilities of the rates during the production of /$p^*$ a/, /$t^*$ a/, and /$k^*$ a/. For variability measures of the rates, each participant was asked to repeat speech tasks three times and the average value of the rates and its standard deviation were obtained. The results revealed that the CAS group showed slower rate only at /$k^*$ a/ than the control group. The CAS group exhibited greater variability of AMR at all the tasks than the control group. The results suggested that variability of AMR might be a more distinctive speech feature to children with CAS than the rate of the speech task.

• Journal of Multimedia Information System
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.33-40
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• 2020

Machine learning consists of supervised and unsupervised learning among which supervised learning is used for the speech recognition objectives. Supervised learning is the Data mining task of inferring a function from labeled training data. Speech recognition is the current trend that has gained focus over the decades. Most automation technologies use speech and speech recognition for various perspectives. This paper demonstrates an overview of major technological standpoint and gratitude of the elementary development of speech recognition and provides impression method has been developed in every stage of speech recognition using supervised learning. The project will use DNN to recognize speeches using magnitudes with large datasets.

• Phonetics and Speech Sciences
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.95-101
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• 2017

This paper proposes a new method to train Deep Neural Network (DNN)-based acoustic models for speech recognition of native and foreign speakers. The proposed method consists of determining multi-set state clusters with various acoustic properties, training a DNN-based acoustic model, and recognizing speech based on the model. In the proposed method, hidden nodes of DNN are shared, but output nodes are separated to accommodate different acoustic properties for native and foreign speech. In an English speech recognition task for speakers of Korean and English respectively, the proposed method is shown to slightly improve recognition accuracy compared to the conventional multi-condition training method.

• Phonetics and Speech Sciences
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.139-150
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• 2015

The data accumulated in this database will be used to develop a speaker identification system. This may also be applied towards, but not limited to, fields of phonetic studies, sociolinguistics, and language pathology. We plan to supplement the large-scale speech corpus next year, in terms of research methodology and content, to better answer the needs of diverse fields. The purpose of this study is to develop a speech corpus for standard Korean speech. For the samples to viably represent the state of spoken Korean, demographic factors were considered to modulate a balanced spread of age, gender, and dialects. Nine separate regional dialects were categorized, and five age groups were established from individuals in their 20s to 60s. A speech-sample collection protocol was developed for the purpose of this study where each speaker performs five tasks: two reading tasks, two semi-spontaneous speech tasks, and one spontaneous speech task. This particular configuration of sample data collection accommodates gathering of rich and well-balanced speech-samples across various speech types, and is expected to improve the utility of the speech corpus developed in this study. Samples from 639 individuals were collected using the protocol. Speech samples were collected also from other sources, for a combined total of samples from 1,012 individuals.