• 한국노년학
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• v.39 no.4
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• pp.921-939
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• 2019

According to the social selectivity theory (SST), despite the disadvantages of life conditions, older adults experience less negative emotions because they regulate their emotions by avoiding negative stimuli or situations. Based on the SST, this study attempted to find out whether older adults are better able to regulate negative emotions than young adults in the Ultimatum Game (UG). In an UG, if the proposer proposes to distribute a portion of the money to the responder, the responder must decide whether to accept or reject it. If the responder accepts the offer, the proposer and the responder can each have their own share as proposed, but if s/he reject the offer, both get nothing. Thus, if the responder considers own economic benefits, it is a more reasonable decision to accept the unfair offer no matter how low, than to reject it. To accept an unfair offer, the responder must regulate the anger felt at the proposer. If older adults could regulate anger better than young adults, they would be less likely to reject the unfair offer than young adults. Fifty-seven olders and 60 university students participated in this study. Both the older and young adults accepted most of the fair offers. In contrast, older adults accepted unfair offers at a significantly higher rate than young adults. In addition, compared to young adults, older adults reported anger less frequently at the unfair offers. Accepting unfair offers was negatively correlated with anger report, but positively correlated with the emotion regulation measured by ERQ. The ERQ score was negatively correlated with anger report. Emotion regulation partially mediated the relationship between the age groups and acceptance of unfair offers. The present results showed that older adults accepted the unfair offers at a higher rate than young adults because they could regulate the negative emotions felt at the unfair offer better than young adults. This study provided new evidence for the claim that improving emotional regulation is a major developmental change in adulthood.

• Korean journal of communication and information
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• v.67
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• pp.177-208
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• 2014

This study inquires how human interest news on society section of newspapers had been modulated as multi-layered political narratives that would consistently have Koreans consider, realize and question on colonial situation as well as ethnic identity. Under totalitarian censorship of the colonial government, newspapers could not publish reports on political issues and current affairs, so society page of human interest such as crime, accident, conflict, disaster, and many kinds of sufferings of peoples to death would take great public attention and consequently be considered as a substitute of political section. Society page had enjoyed its influence on formation of public opinion of the colonized ethnic society and had maintained cultural-nationalist position ever since the founding of newspaper in mother-tongue in 1920. In colonial context, there is nothing non-political to the lives of the colonized, social facts would be necessary and happen to be modulated into a narrative that could trigger nationalist sentiment. For this end, news reporting of society section usually concentrated on aspects of 'Les Mis${\acute{e}}$rqbles', dramatic quality, and psychological factors in detail. Narrative style of news reporting got used to modulate factual informations with a proper taste of exaggeration, emotional expression, and commercial touch of exciting words. Even in a case of death by drug abuse, news was written to indicate what made him/her drive to miserable death on street, that is, what is de facto reason of all of social problems like as migration, hunger, leaving home, crime, suicide, violence, gambling, love affairs to death, adultery, and even opium habit. Those social problems and personal sufferings appeared up on newspaper 3rd page at daily base. Readers could acknowledge and identify what the real matter that should be resolved and then blame colonialism, capitalism, and militarism for those social problems. Journalists put values on inciting the colonized to realize the national and ethnic situation and feel sympathy for their people tied up by a common destiny. In this terms, news on society section of newspaper under Colonial Occupation were encoded as narratives of politically layered text and then decoded as intriguing sentiments against colonial dominance. I argue that society page of newspaper of colonial period engaged in a sort of cultural politics of sentiment and emotion which is a private area outside of imperial sight.

• The Journal of Korean Philosophical History
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• no.31
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• pp.33-52
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• 2011

This study intends to understand Kobong's thought, especially the problem of Self-cultivation. Kobong, along with Toegye(退溪), is a major figure to understand Confucian ideas of Chosun in the 16th century. There has been a lot of research centered on Kobong's Four-beginnings(四端) and Seven-emotions(七情), but not much on the Self-cultivation of Kobong. Confucianism is basically to seek after actualization of Perfect Virtue(仁) and the way to be a sage, through the pursuit of self-discipline(修己 明明德) and social practice(安人 新民). The problems of Confucianism might be summarized as follows: interest and appreciation for the source of existence(知天/事天); harmony in relationships and practices(愛人/愛物); both of the above together. Therefore, Self-cultivation is to change the self, the subject of one's life, through the relationship between man and heaven. Kobong and Toegye had debated for about eight years(1559-1566) over the problem of human nature, especially emotion(情), and virtue and vice(善惡) fundamental position of Toegye is that the difference between Four-beginnings(四端) and Seven-emotions(七情) can be understood as emotion with qualitative distinction. By contrast, Kobong sees the relationship between Four-beginnings(四端) and Seven-emotions(七情) as that of total and partial. Discussion on the Four-beginnings(四端) and Seven-emotions(七情) is not restricted within the problem of logical analysis of concepts or theoretical validity, but come to a conclusion with the problem of Self-cultivation(修養). In this sense, Kobong tried to follow Neo-Confucian theory of human nature and self-cultivation, on the assumption of Confucian self-discipline and social practice.

• Journal of Christian Education in Korea
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• v.71
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• pp.61-96
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• 2022

This study tried to explore the ways to operate service learning more effectively by analyzing the educational effects of service learning and changes in learning sentiments that appeared in the service learning operation process established for the realization of the Christian educational philosophy at a small local Christian university. The analysis was conducted using NVivo11, focusing on the reflection journals of students who participated in service learning in the first semester of 2022 at J University. As a result of the study, through service learning, personal competence growth, self-reflection and will to change, self-esteem and self-efficacy, social and civic aspects, social responsibility enhancement, community (community) empathy and awareness of participation, and helping others There were educational effects such as an increase in the breadth of understanding. In addition, learning emotions that appeared in the service learning process included positive emotions such as gratitude, challenge recognition, pride, confidence, and responsibility, and negative emotions such as worry (difficulty), upset, regret, and awkwardness. It is a measure to increase the educational effect based on the learning emotion shown in the service learning process. When operating service learning, the service period at the visiting institution is increased to 6 weeks or more, and based on close interaction and detailed analysis of the educational environment in the planning stage, Suggest to develop and operate a plan. In addition, if you have the opportunity to receive feedback from your professors and colleagues through demonstrations and mock presentations in the classroom before visiting the institution, and finally have the opportunity to visit the institution again after the results of service learning are announced, more quality service learning education will be operated. Based on the results of this study, it is expected that more valuable and meaningful service learning education opportunities will be provided to learners by designing and operating a practical and sophisticated service learning curriculum.

• 한국노년학
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.1429-1444
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• 2010

The purpose of this study was to examine the impact of elderly people's difficulties in emotional regulation on their quality of life and to suggest possible ways of improving their emotional regulation. The subjects in this study were 345 senior citizens who participated in community education programs and used senior centers. A survey was conducted in person, and the instrument used to check their difficulties in emotional regulation was Gratz & Roemer(2004)'s inventory that was rearranged to serve the purpose of this study. When a factor analysis was carried out, their emotional regulation difficulties were categorized into five factors, which were respectively named troubles in emotional response handling, difficulties in accurate emotional awareness, difficulties in emotional coping, and difficulties in emotional reception. The findings of the study were as follows: First, the senior citizens were different from one another in emotional regulation difficulties according to their personal characteristics involving gender, income, financial state, hospitalization experience over the past three months, and presence or absence of disease. Second, their quality of life significantly varied with gender, age, presence or absence of spouse, form of residence, education, income, financial state, hospitalization experience and presence or absence of disease. Third, as a result of investigating the influence of their emotional regulation difficulties on the overall quality of life, a better quality of life was found among those who were male and who had an income and suffered from fewer diseases. And a lower quality of life was found among the senior citizens who faced difficulties in emotional response handling, who had difficulties in emotional control and who lagged behind in terms of emotional coping. Accordingly, the emotional regulation difficulties of the senior citizens could be said to be closely linked to their quality of life. Given the findings of the study, in which way elderly people could be helped to improve their emotional regulation in consideration of their own personal characteristics was discussed, and how to classify their emotional regulation difficulties from various angles to relieve them of the troubles was suggested.

• Korean Journal of Culture and Social Issue
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.131-157
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• 2017

Loving-kindness & compassion meditation (LCM) is one of the popular intervention on clinical setting to cultivate loving-kindness & compassion for self and other. Shame is known for unconscious and implicit emotion including negative self-concept. Some researchers suggest that people with high shame have difficulty in cultivating loving-kindness & compassion toward oneself because of shame including the negative self-critic. In this research, it is explored the influence of shame for the object of LCM. There are 2 experiments to find out the answer to this question. In experiment 1, participants (N = 108) are randomly assigned to two conditions. The one condition is loving-kindness meditation for self, and the other is loving-kindness meditation for positive others. Dislike and engagement from participants about loving-kindness meditation instruction are measured after meditation for 8 minutes. From the experiment 2, loving-kindness meditation is replaced with compassion meditation from the design of experiment 1. This experiment is conducted because of psychological differences between loving-kindness and compassion. Participants (N = 116) are randomly assigned to two conditions, compassion meditation for self and positive others, respectively. The results of experiment 1 show that dislike of loving-kindness meditation for self seems to high when people have high shame, but shame does not have an influence on engagement. For loving-kindness meditation for positive others, shame seems to not affect on dislike and engagement about loving-kindness meditation instruction. The results of experiment 2 show that dislike is higher for self than for positive others about compassion meditation for people with high shame, but shame does not affect on engagement. For discussion, it is suggested that shame has special features of emotion. For the future, we discuss the therapeutic strategy for people with negative self-concept.

• The Journal of Korean Society for Radiation Therapy
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.69-84
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• 2000

It has been reported that the cancer patient's quality of life is influenced by the perceived health state, self-esteem, health locus of control, social support, whether there is a pain or not, the stage of a disease, the period of a disease, etc, and however, there has been scarcely the research into the fact at home whose cultural and social backgrounds are entire1y different from those of American and European Countries. Accordingly, the author of this thesis performed this study. considering that it is necessary to know the relations between the health locus of control which make it possible to predict the object's behavior related to health and to make plans to induce the object or patient into sound behavior and the quality of life which is closely related to the cancer patient's health, emotion, society, economy, etc. on the whole. This study, a cross-sectional one, includes 135 subjects of $in{\cdot}out$ patients registered at Y University Hospital whose age are more than 20 years, From these patients, data were collected for two weeks through the questionnaire which content concerns about the quality of life and the health locus of control. All the collected data were processed and analyzed through Student's t-test, ANOVA, and the calculation of Pearson Correlation Coefficient, using the SAS program 1. It appeared that the disposition of health locus of control was mostly inclined to the disposition of powerful other health locus of control($28.37{\pm}4.24$), then inclined to internal health locus of control($27.03{\pm}4.17$), and next to chance health locus of control($19.71{\pm}4.97$) By the way. the disposition of powerful other health locus of control appeared a tittle bit higher than internal health locus of control 2. The degree of the quality of life appeared to be 137.54 points in the average of total points and 3.11 in the average evaluation mark. It appeared that the quality of life was most significantly influenced by a factor of 'relations with neighbors' and least significantly influenced by factors of physical conditions and functions. 3. It appeared that the relation between the disposition of health locus of control and the quality of life has nothing to do with the relation between internal health locus of control and the quality of life(r=.1446, P>.05) and also with the relation between the disposition of powerful other health locus of control(r=.0385, P>.05). In conclusion, in the study it has been found out that there is no correlation between the health locus of control and the quality of life, and however it is sound to induce the cancer patient to internal health locus of control. Therefore, it is necessary that under the special circumstances, the cancer patient's behavior should be predicted, thereby inducing the patient to the sound change of his or her behavior. Also in order that the patient enjoys his or her life satisfactorily while living, It is deemed that some kind of multilateral meditation in health and treatment is necessary so that the patient can feel the relief of pain, better health, etc.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.209-220
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• 2016

This study was carried out to analyze the effect of psychological burnout, work-family conflict, business-related anxiety on counseling requirement for small business owners. To achieve the research purpose, a survey was executed on small 100 business owners doing business in Chung-nam Province including whole and retail sellers, food and lodging establishments, service providers and manufacturers for five weeks from Jan. 1, 2016 through Jan. 312, 2016. All the questionnaires distributed were used for final analysis using SPSS V22. Study findings are as follows: first, most small business owners were found to have had counseling experience; second, no difference was shown in psychological burnout in terms of general characteristics of survey respondents; third, it is found that small business owners with shorter operation career want more counseling opportunity; fourth, it was analyzed that for any counseling service for small business owners, publicity efforts on the availability of counseling service must be precedented; fifth, it was also analyzed that to support small business owners counseling service should be provided in various areas including inter-psychological elements like emotion, conflict with spouse and children. Such findings may lead to a possible conclusion that counseling service can contribute to the success and survival of small business owners both at home and work place.

• Journal of Korea Society of Industrial Information Systems
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.109-122
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• 2018

Gamification is receiving much attention from a variety of fields of life as it has tremendous potential to help people get experienced with 'fun' by the elements of game mechanism and thus attract their voluntary participation eventually to reach the state of 'flow'. Some studies examined this process with a focus the relationship between game elements and flow while others regarded the game elements as fun elements and discussed the relationship between fun and flow. However, starting from the fact that the fundamental reason humans play a game is for fun and fun is in turn induced through game elements, our study defines fun as an emotion and uses it a factors are also introduced as control variables for the study on the belief that game elements affecting fun will apparently vary depending on the cultural dimensions. This study confirms that difference exists in correlations between game element, fun, and flow, depending on the different cultural settings. By comparing samples from Korea and Austria, each representing the east and the west respectively, it was found that 'social fun' affects flow and both 'relationship' and 'reward' are in turn affecting social fun in case of Korea. On the other hand, Austrian case reveals that cognitive fun affects flow and game elements affecting cognitive fun are 'story' and 'reward'.

• Korean Journal of Childcare and Education
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.23-46
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• 2013

The purpose of this study was to obtain basic information for novice teachers' adjustment. The data from five novice teachers were collected by in-depth interviews of each subject, as well as reviewing a memo diary, journal and class diary. The results indicated that the novice teachers' experiences were categorized into difficulties in social relationships, heavy workload, stress related to making mistakes, obtaining support and assistance, adequate understanding of their field of work and so on. The model theory for their process of adjustment was found by grounded theory approach. The causal conditions include mistakes in performance of work and immaturity of managing social relationships. The contexts include age of the children, work conditions(i.e. time and space), amount of workload, unfamiliarity of new work assignments, personalities of colleagues, and high frequency of meeting parents of children. The intervening conditions are composed of a guidance program for novice teachers, support from colleagues, work rewards, and the personalities of novice teachers. The novice teacher use three strategies: trying to ignore, sharing difficulties and accessing support from friends or family, as well as willful efforts to transfer negative emotions into positive ones. The consequences of the strategies include: successful career progression, survival, and desire for leaving the field of work.