• Journal of Labour Economics
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.55-83
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• 2007

This paper examines the welfare aspects of loan-based self-insurance against unemployment, and discusses the scope of government intervention in its provision. This paper deals with these issues in a model where the individuals may experience unemployment shocks frequently to leave little savings for retirement, so that the government may have to provide them with unemployment and retirement insurance benefits during their unemployment and retirement, respectively. We identify the two interesting features in the model: the externality that the self-insurance exerts, upon other social insurances, and the incentive of private sector to provide loans that exerts the externality upon other social insurances. In particular, this paper shows that, although the inefficiency associated with private loan warrants the government provision of loans to unemployed workers, the over-incentive of the private sector to offer loans may reduce the scope of the government intervention. This paper also shows that, unless the inefficiency associated with private loans is high, the private incentive for loans would reduce welfare because of the externality generated by private loans.

• Health Policy and Management
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.279-308
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• 2011

Background : Demands have increased for a variety of welfare services and customized services for persons with disabilities(PWD). A management System focused on PWD was needed to provide for comprehensive services. The purpose of this study was to design a disability database and an application system in order to provide continuous and comprehensive rehabilitation service for PWD. Methods : We analyzed local and abroad disability-related policies and systems and derived the contents that should be included in the integrated database for PWD through a survey among rehabilitation specialists. Result : The integrated database for PWD was composed of 7 categories including General Characteristics, Health & Medicine, Assistance, Education, Employment, Economics and Daily & Social Life. The applicable system of integrated database for PWD was proposed to help conducting policies in such areas as follows ; 'welfare', 'education and culture', 'economic activity', 'social participation' and 'Health'. Conclusion : The main goal of disability policy and strategy should be established by systematically analyzing disability-related data integrating database of PWD. Accordingly, specific objectives and directions for disability policies should be set and efficiently managed and operated. The integrated database for PWD may be utilized for disability-related policies and service monitering, sustainable and integrated management and community participation and integration based on the rights of the disabled.

• Human Ecology Research
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• v.53 no.5
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• pp.475-488
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• 2015

Economic activity and social participation by women has recently increased; however, working mothers raising young children are under new stress due to the simultaneous combination of job and parenting responsibilities. This stress has resulted in social problems of career break and low fertility. This study investigates the effect of clinical art therapy on occupational stress and parenting stress of working mothers. We analyzed 34 working mothers in full-time employment (over 8 hours a day) who have preschool children (0-6 years old). They were divided into 17 subjects in the experimental group and 17 subjects in the control group. For the experimental group, 10 hours and a half sessions of group art therapy were participated in once a week from April to August in 2014. We perform Dan Occupational Stress Index by Ivancevich and Matteson, Parenting Stress Index/Short Form and salivary cortisol test before and after the group art therapy. For qualitative analysis, Kinetic House-Tree-Person (KHTP) drawing test was used. Using SPSS ver. 19.0, paired t -test or Wilcoxon signed rank test compared the pre and post analysis results. The results of this study are as follows. First, scores of 'occupational stress factor' subpart showed significant improvement in the Occupational Stress Index after the clinical art therapy. Second, scores of 'parental distress,' 'parent-child dysfunctional interaction,' and 'difficult child' subpart in Parenting Stress Index also showed a significant improvement. Third, a positive change was observed after the clinical art therapy in the KHTP drawing test. In conclusion, this study suggests that the clinical art therapy can be effective for occupational stress factors and the parenting stress of working mothers.

• International Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.133-146
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• 2011

This study evaluates common activity and quality of life in Swedish cohousing units to examine whether Swedish cohousing functions properly or not. A questionnaire survey was fulfilled during the autumn of 2010 in G$\ddot{o}$teborg Sweden. The subjects of study were 12 of 44 cohousing units in Sweden that included 4 of the +40 cohousing and 8 of the mixed-age cohousing. A total of 242 of 353 distributed questionnaires were collected (68.6%) and analyzed by SPSS statistical program. The findings are as follow: 1) General characteristics of the respondents are that they are mostly healthy, evenly aged from age 50s to 70s and highly educated with significant proportions of academics and civil workers. There are more females than males and more singles than cohabitants. 2) The most frequent and preferred common activity is a common meal followed by a coffee meeting. A common dinner, the 'hub of living together' is held almost every day or at least a few times a week. A common meal is considered one of the most important activities because of practical and social advantages in that residents can save time and cooking costs as well as engage in social contact. Referring to evaluation of frequency and content of common activity, more than a half of the respondents prefer the current situation. 3) All of the variables (except health conditions and education level) affect participation in common activity with statistical significance. 4) Most of the respondents indicate a high level of life satisfaction and are willing to recommend others move to cohousing. They agree that there is more mutual support among residents in cohousing units than in a conventional community. In conclusion, Swedish cohousing units function successfully as they have pursued intentional community ideology and most of the residents are proud of their current living situations.

• Human Ecology Research
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• v.51 no.4
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• pp.425-438
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• 2013

Postponing childbirth is becoming increasingly common and consequently serious social problem in Korea, among married-working women. It is relatively unknown which factors determine married-working women's childbirth intention. This study investigated the effects of demographical factors, labor market factors and social support factors on married-working women's childbirth intention. Data from a national survey of married-working women (Korean longitudinal survey of women and families) are used in this study. The findings are as follows. First, logistic regression analyses that married-working women's childbirth intention could be predicted by 1) personal characteristic factors such as age (p <.000), education level (p<.029), parenthood (p<.000) monthly pay (p<.01); 2) husband support factors, such as satisfaction with division of household labor (p<.009), time with family (p<.049) influence of family life on work (p<.083); and 3) institutional support factors such as regular position (p<.015), regression analysis showed similar results. Personal characteristic factors and husband support factors had statistically significant effects on the number of future children. Personal value factors such as traditional family support (p<.05) proved to be the best predictor of the number of future children. Institutional support factors, on the other hand, did not have statistically significant effect on the number of future children. In a nutshell, personal characteristics and husband support proved to be the most important determinant of married-working women's childbirth intention. The findings suggest that family friendly policy and flexible labor market policy will impact married-working women's childbirth intention.

• The Korean Journal of Air & Space Law and Policy
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.111-129
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• 2008

Denying the legitimacy of occupying any parts of the outer space satisfied the political interests of space fairing States. 'Res communis' idea was converted into the rationale which met such political needs in the best way available. This rationale, as its roman law concept implies, is based upon ownership to things. Ownership paradigm, as discussed in this paper, may be not sufficient for applying the OST. A new paradigm may be more valuable. Diversified type of the right to use would be best available one. Space commercialization should be understood in social and economical dimension, which is too diverse and important for space lawyers, especially adhering to ownership paradigm, to deal with. It is mature to admit that res communis rationale operated for 40 years is not sufficiently refined to foster the advent and benefit expected from space commercialization. Diversified type of right to use is to be taken into account seriously, as workable paradigm provided by other social science.

• The Journal of the Korean dental association
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• v.58 no.2
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• pp.68-82
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• 2020

Running title: Adequacy of dentist supply Objectives: The proper provision of dentists is very important for delivering the dental care that people need. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the adequacy of dentist supply and to predict the proper supply of dentists in Korea for the next 10 years. Methods and materials: Using the data from 2004 to 2017 in the Statictics Korea, the dental needs were measured as days of admission and the annual total dental care hours in 2020, 2023, 2026 and 2030 were predticted using regression analysis. The dental care productivity (average in-office hours) of dentists was analyzed using regression analysis including age, gender, education level and region as a confounder. The annual care hours were predicted according to seven scenarios based on the percentage of women among dentists, post-dentist education levels, the percentage of dentists in the metropolitan area, aging and retirement age. Results: The needed dentist based on the data in the Statictics Korea will be 27, 288 ~ 27, 311 in 2020, 28,104 ~ 28,1785 in 2023, 28,977 ~ 29,124 in 2026, and 30,174 ~ 30,413 in 2030. On the other hand, the number of dentists in Korea will be 26,945 in 2020, 28,813 in 2023, 30,682 in 2026 and 33,173 in 2030. The adequacy index of dentist supply will be -0.01 in 2020 to +0.10 in 2030. Conclusions: Our data showed that dentists will be adequately supplied in Korea for the next 10 years. Overall, the ratio between dentist versus 1,000 Koreans will be increased from 0.5 in 2019 to 0.7 in 2020, which will meet the mean of OECD countries.

• The Journal of Information Systems
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.91-107
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• 2014

In computer-mediated idea generation where contributions can be anonymous, the ability to accurately monitor performances is limited, inducing social loafing. Prior research has suggested that social loafing is likely an important factor in reducing task performance. Researchers have theorized that loafing could be minimized if clear performance feedback is provided. Our prior study evidences a substantial performance gain by the provision of real time performance information about who is contributing and who is not. However, our prior study incorporated the quantity feedback only to create a larger pool of ideas based on the long-standing assumption (i.e., quantity breeds quality), not considering the quality feedback. As a result, taking advantage of anonymity in the form of pseudonymity, individuals in almost all groups exhibited a tendency of self-presentation by capitalizing on ideas of which quality was low and even frivolous (i.e., junk comments) toward the later stages of the session. Thus, we have learned that the quantity performance feedback alone does not have enough restrictiveness to consistently control the performance behavior throughout the session. Since a process chart allows participants to monitor process variation by comparing new performance data to past performance data, we incorporated real-time visual process performance feedback to reveal performance histories by connecting the sequence of idea quality scores in a time-series format. Using this environment, a laboratory experiment was conducted with five-member groups that examined the influence of both identifiability (i.e., anonymity versus pseudonymity) and process performance feedback (i.e., yes or no) in a $2{\times}2$ factorial design. The result showed that groups in the process performance feedback treatment outperformed groups in the no feedback treatment. Additionally, process performance feedback and identifiability interacted such that groups in the process performance feedback/pseudonymity treatment had the highest performance. The implications of these findings for future research, as well as the implications for the design of group idea generation procedures are discussed.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare
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• v.61 no.1
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• pp.239-262
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• 2009

The purpose of this dissertation is to positively analyze the characteristics of job center consultants' interorganizational relations and factors that influence this linkage in order to better understand the employment service of South Korea. The material utilized for analysis was collected by surveying consultants and managers of 38 job centers and 364 middle managers while applying the method of hierarchical regression. The following is the summary of the research results. First, there is a difference in the influence factor between the number of consultant's organization linkage and frequency of contact. As seen from this result, if the number of organizations a consultant links is affected by the organization's objective working conditions such as the organization structure, position, and primary responsibilities, then the frequency of contact which indicates intimacy by frequent contact depends on the professional ability of the person in charge rather than objective conditions. Second, the analysis result of influence factors according to the type of organization also displayed different influence factors based on the type. Public organizations and economics related organizations are existent in all areas in the form of municipal offices, public corporation, the Chamber of Commerce and Industry, and labor organizations. Therefore, rather than the personal ability of the person in charge or the influence of other work environments, information of the organization and the actual activities of the head are more influential. On the other hand, private organizations embrace service organizations, employment target related organizations, corporations; they are differentially distributed, which is why they are more influential in organizational reform, decentralization, communication, and the professional ability of the person in charge is significantly influential.

• Hwankyungkyoyuk
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.97-109
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• 2009

The purpose of this study is to grasp the degree of recognition of the ESD(Education for Sustainable Development) form Technology Home Economic teachers in high schools, to analyze contents related to the ESD within the textbooks, and to propose the improvement method of the textbooks. As a result, first, the degree of recognition on the ESD was less than about 30.1% in Technology Home Economic teachers. Second, the content and factor criterions for the ESD were developed on the basis of the previous studies. They are suitable for applying to the Vehicle Chapter in the textbooks and are including 9 contents and 7 factors, respectively. Third, the contents related to the ESD within a Technology. Home Economic textbook showed 36.1% in Technology, 33.8% in Home Economics including social and cultural(44.7%), environmental(47.1%), and economic contents(8.2%). But they in the Vehicle Chapter within the textbooks presented 69.1%, 4.8%, 26.1% in social and cultural, environmental, and economic contents, respectively. Finally, the improvement method of the new textbook for the Vehicle Chapter is to adopt issued factors including the suitable adjustment on the vehicle structure and safety as well as the supplement of environmental contents related to the ESD. In addition, it is necessary to contain the contents such as the developing process of environment-friendly vehicles, the economically sustainable consumption strategy, and the cause-and-effect relationship with the global warming in the new textbook.