• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
• /
• 제21권3호
• /
• pp.171-185
• /
• 1989

유연탄 발전과 원자력 발전의 경제성 평가를 균등한 인체 위험도 하에서 서기 2000년의 시점에서 수행하였다. 유연탄 발전과 원자력 발전의 인체에 대한 영향 비교에서, 유연탄의 영향이 원자력에 비해서 10배가량 높은 것을 에너지 시스템의 위험도 평가에 관한 여러 연구결과들로부터 알 수 있었다. 그런데 위험도가 0인 상태는 존재하지 않으므로, 유연탄 발전과 원자력 발전간의 위험도 차이만을 본 논문의 위험도로 간주했다. 인체 위험도 비용은 사망과 질병의 두 경우로 나누어서, 사망의 경우에는 Human Life Value로 계산하고, 질병의 경우에는 완치될 때까지의 치료비등 제반 비용으로 계산했다. 이러한 방법에 의한 계산 결과 사망의 비용은 ＄250,000이 되었고, 질병의 경우는 ＄90,000이 되었다. (1986 US＄) 그리고 비용편익분석을 통해서 유연탄 화력 발전의 최적 규제 기준치를 구했는데, 이 규제치는 최소 사회비용이 발생되는 지점에서 구해졌다. 서기 2000년의 한국에서의 SOx에 대한 최적 규제치는 165ppm으로 나타났다. 이러한 전력 생산의 경제성 평가 방법으로부터, 원자력이 유연탄 화력에 비해서 더 경제적인 것으로 나타났다. 반면에 불확실도는 유연탄화력이 더 작은 것으로 나타났다.

• Journal of Information Technology Applications and Management
• /
• 제17권1호
• /
• pp.35-54
• /
• 2010

Why does e-Learning service for individuals remain in the early development stage? To find the answers of this question, we adopted usefulness and intention to continued use as dependent variables based on technology acceptance model and inferred convenience, cost-effectiveness, social presence, interactivity, concentration, and procrastination as independent variables based on literature review and interview with e-Learning users. Convenience and cost-effectiveness of e-Learning tend to enhance usefulness and/or intention to continued use, while lack of social presence, interactivity, and concentration of e-Learning and academic procrastination tend to hinder usefulness and/or intention to continued use. To prove this research model, we used a data set collected from the survey. The respondents of survey were the undergraduate students who used voluntarily e-Learning. Data analysis was conducted using 275 respondents by partial least square. The analysis result of causal relation indicated that convenience and cost-effectiveness influenced both usefulness and intention to continued use, and that cost-effectiveness and concentration influenced only intention to continued use. But, interactivity and procrastination did not influence usefulness and intention to continued use.

• 한국병원경영학회지
• /
• 제5권1호
• /
• pp.200-231
• /
• 2000

The price systems of the hospital drug services play key roles in the provision of quality services and the development of pharmacy service technologies. Under the premises, this study attempted to determine the costs of hospital drug service, to compare the costs calculated with the fees publicly fixed by the Government, and based on the results of the analysis, to propose directions for the improvement of the price systems. A Costing model for the study was developed based on the cost-fee relationship analysed of the Korean fee-for-service systems. Data on costs and workloads of the 25 hospitals were collected through survey forms designed for the costing' and analysis for the duration of 12 months of 1998. The results of the analysis show that a tremendous unbalance between cost and price levels of the drug services, and that overally the price level of the services is extremely low when compared to the costs of services. Based on these findings, this study suggests that unfairly high or low price level be corrected, and that service items newly developed and being practiced at tertiary hospitals, such as TDM and TPN consultation services, be compensated by fixing a proper level of price.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
• /
• 제47권4호
• /
• pp.461-471
• /
• 2015

Recently, the estimation of the social cost of energy sources has been emphasized as various novel energy options become feasible in addition to conventional ones. In particular, the social cost of introducing measures to protect power-distribution systems from power-source instability and the cost of accident-risk response for various power sources must be investigated. To account for these risk factors, an integrated societal risk assessment framework, based on power-uncertainty analysis and accident-consequence analysis, is proposed. In this study, we applied the proposed framework to nuclear power plants, solar photovoltaic systems, and wind-turbine generators. The required capacity of gas-turbine power plants to be used as backup power facilities to compensate for fluctuations in the power output from the main power source was estimated based on the performance indicators of each power source. The average individual health risk per terawatt-hours (TWh) of electricity produced by each power source was quantitatively estimated by assessing accident frequency and the consequences of specific accident scenarios based on the probabilistic risk assessment methodology. This study is expected to provide insight into integrated societal risk analysis, and can be used to estimate the social cost of various power sources.

• 한국경영과학회지
• /
• 제33권3호
• /
• pp.77-92
• /
• 2008

Commonality strategy is a popular design practice in designing a product line as it enables the firm cost saving and simplification in design, manufacturing, and distribution processes. However the issue of commonality has been mostly analyzed from a profit maximizing firm's perspective and, to our knowledge, there is no literature that deals with the issue from a different perspective. in this paper, we consider the issue of commonality strategy from a social welfare maximization perspective, and argue that commonality strategy used in designing of public goods can bring certain benefits not just for a firm but also for consumers, i.e., for society as a whole. While we assume certain cost saving in production process due to economies of scale under commonality strategy, we conceptualize two different effects of commonality strategy, utility effect due to cost saving and weighted-averaging effect, and show how these two effects interplay to determine the design of common attribute and desirability of commonality strategy. We also discuss how the implementation of commonality strategy differs under different objectives of a product line designer : social welfare and firm's profit maximization.

• 한국유기농업학회지
• /
• 제28권3호
• /
• pp.335-346
• /
• 2020

The objective of this study is to analyze the consumer perception of reusable wreath and present the considerations for introducing the labeling system, and to calculate the social benefits and costs of that. For this, We did an internet survey on the perceptions and willingness-to-pay for reuse wreath to 330 adults. As a result, only 56.1 percent of those who ordered wreath were found to check whether they actually arrived. 73.6% of the respondents had the willingness-to-purchase a reusable wreath if the price was reasonable, and 43.6% were in favor of labeling reused wreath as 'reused wreath'. The social benefits of introducing the reusable currency marking system are about 155,692 million won and the social cost about 43.52 million won. If reusable wreath are not recognized and purchased at the price of new one, economic and emotional losses of domestic horticulture farmers and consumers may occur. Therefore, related agencies will be able to expand sales of domestic flower producers and protect the economic and emotional benefits of consumers if they make efforts to establish and operate a reusable wreath labeling system.

• 한국항만경제학회지
• /
• 제28권4호
• /
• pp.1-37
• /
• 2012

본 연구는 우리나라의 대표적 운송수단인 도로, 철도, 해운에 대해 피해함수접근법을 이용하여 사회적 비용을 추정하였다. 이를 위해 본 연구에서는 각각의 운송수단이 야기하는 사회적 비용 유발 분야를 10개의 항목으로 구분하고 각각의 항목에 대해 운송수단별로 메타데이터를 이용하여 항목별 비용을 산정하였다. 분석 결과 교통시설의 건설비용을 포함할 경우 해상운송이 가장 효율적인 반면 도로운송과 철도운송은 효율성에서 큰 차이를 보이지 않았으나, 건설비용을 고려하지 않을 경우 해상운송에 이어 철도운송도 매우 효율적인 운송수단임이 나타났다. 본 연구에서는 또한 각각의 운송수단이 같은 사회적 비용을 유발하는 등비용 수송거리를 산정하였다. 이를 통해 도로운송, 철도운송, 해상운송의 효율적 수송거리를 제시하였으며 이를 통해 보다 효율적인 모달시프트(modal shift)의 계기가 제공될 수 있기를 기대한다.

• 자원ㆍ환경경제연구
• /
• 제33권3호
• /
• pp.263-289
• /
• 2024

이 논문은 폐휴대전화의 인쇄회로기판(Printed Circuit Board, PCB) 재활용 공정에 대한 전과정평가(Life Cycle Assessment, LCA)와 경제성 평가를 통해, 탄소의 사회적 편익 관점에서 재활용의 사회‧경제적 효과를 정량화한다. 특히, 폐휴대전화의 PCB 재활용을 통한 금속 회수 공정과 전통적인 금속 채굴 및 제련 공정을 비교하고, 2018년과 2030년의 두 가지 발전 믹스를 적용하여 온실가스 배출량 변화를 분석하였다. 분석 결과, 금과 구리의 경우 전통적 채굴 및 제련 과정보다 PCB 재활용 과정에서 각각 6.86배, 3.69배 더 많은 온실가스가 발생한 것으로 나타났다. 그러나 2030년 발전 믹스를 적용할 경우, 재활용 공정에서 발생하는 온실가스 배출량은 구리와 금 회수에서 각각 44.72%, 44.65% 감소하는 것으로 분석되었다. 이는 전기를 주 에너지원으로 사용하는 재활용 공정의 특성에 따른 결과이다. 이산화탄소의 사회적 비용을 고려한 비용편익분석 결과, B/C값이 1.95로 나타나 재활용의 경제적 타당성이 크다는 점이 확인되었다. 그러나 이 결과는 충분한 규모의 폐 PCB 확보 문제와 재활용 공정에서 배출되는 오염물질의 사회적 비용이 모두 고려되지 않았다는 한계가 있다. 본 연구의 결과를 바탕으로, 앞으로 폐 PCB 재활용뿐만 아니라 최근 주목받고 있는 순환경제 및 재활용 공정에 대한 전과정평가를 통한 온실가스 배출량 분석과 탄소의 사회적 비용을 반영한 비용편익분석이 활발히 이어지기를 기대한다.

• 농촌지도와개발
• /
• 제15권4호
• /
• pp.577-597
• /
• 2008

The purpose of this study is to examine the effects of residents' perceptions of tourism impact and conflicts on residents' participation in rural tourism village. Method of analysis involves factor analysis and regression analysis in this study. In order to measure the level of perception, three factors(economic benefits, social benefits, social and environmental cost) are derived from the factor analysis. And also in order to measure the level of conflict, two factor(openness of information, leading of operation) are derive from the factor analysis. The result of regression analysis indicate that perceived economic benefits and social benefits are rather greater impacts on residents' participation than social and environmental cost, and also openness of information is rather greater impacts on residents' participation than leading of operation.

• International Journal of Safety
• /
• 제6권2호
• /
• pp.13-16
• /
• 2007

This study focuses on the trends and issues of improving safety management of elevators in Korea. Frequency and severity of accidents in relation to conditional pass in periodic inspection, maintenance, market surveillance are analyzed based on the statistical data and social cost due to a variety of related fields in managing elevator safety was estimated first. The results of statistical analysis performed in this study will provide logical basis and future direction for improving the safety management system. The role of certification and supervision is particularly addressed to reduce the related accidents and the social cost. The effectiveness of such procedures can be found from the results of simple statistical analysis.