• Proceedings of the Korea Society of Information Technology Applications Conference
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• 2005.11a
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• pp.123-126
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• 2005

Wireless Sensor Networks will revolutionize applications such as environmental monitoring, home automation, and logistics. We developed forest fire surveillance system. In this paper, Considering the fact that in Korea, during November to May, forest fires occur very frequently causing catastrophic damages on the valuable environment, Although exists other forest fire surveillance system such as surveillance camera tower, infrared ray sensor system and satellite system. Preexistence surveillance system can't real-time surveillance, monitoring, database and automatic alarm. But, forest fire surveillance system(FFSS) support above. In this paper, we describes a system development approach for a wireless sensor network based FFSS that is to be used to measure temperature and humidity as well as being fitted with a smoke detector. Such a device can be used as an early warning fire detection system and real-time surveillance in the area of a bush fire or endangered public infrastructure. Once the system has being development, a mesh network topology will be implemented with the chosen sensor node with the aim of developing a sophisticated mesh network.

• Proceedings of the Korean Information Science Society Conference
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• 2011.06c
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• pp.351-353
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• 2011

본 논문에서는 CCD카메라로부터 입력된 동영상에서 Random Forest를 이용하여 산불 연기를 검출하는 알고리즘을 제안한다. 산불 연기의 느린 움직임을 보완하기 위해 모든 프레임 대신에 변화가 큰 프레임들을 키 프레임으로 지정하고 지정된 키 프레임의 이전 100프레임 동안의 가 특징 값을 누적시켜 특징 백터를 추출한다. 이후, 학습 데이터들로부터 추출된 특징백터의 훈련과정을 통해 50개의 결정 트리를 갖는 Random Forest를 생성한다. Random Forest는 산불 연기의 정도에 따라 4개의 상태를 나타내는 클래스들로 분류하도록 학습되었으며 Random Forest에 의한 분류결과에 따라 해당 영역이 연기인지 아닌지를 최종 판단한다.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.318-322
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• 2014

A kind of field bus called Actuator and Sensor interface bus(AS-i) was designed in this paper. The configuration of AS-i network system used Application Specific Integrated Circuit(ASIC) SAP5S chip and PLC S7-200 station, which included CPU 224 and AS-i master module CP 243-2. We also created an example program for PLC S7-200 to control AS-i network. The fire and smoke detection system was made with AS-i network system that was designed. This system had got more advantages than other system such as number of stations, easy installation, wide working area, etc. And designed system can be used as a partner network for higher level field bus networks.

• Fire Protection Technology
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• s.29
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• pp.39-45
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• 2000

All objects emit thermal radiation and this radiation is the basis of the techniques used to detect flames. The usual phenomena occurring in the initial stage of a fire are generally invisible products of a combustion and visible smoke. Liquid or gaseous materials do not undergo a smoldering stage such fires develop very rapidly. Also, the heat generated by the initial flames is usually not sufficient to active a heat detector. In this case the most effective criterion for automatic fire detection is the flame. In fire regulation of korea, the compulsory standard provided that a flame detector shall be installed a place of the attachment hight of detector is higher than 20 m, chemical plants, hangar, refinery, etc.. The result of the research and development are discriminated between a flame and other radiant emitters, developed PZT pyroelectric element is based on the use of photo-voltanic cell, developed IR band-pass filter that only allow a 4.3 radiation wavelength to reach the sensors and developed IR flame detector.

• 한국방재학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2008.02a
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• pp.157-160
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• 2008

This study analyzed on the area of Samcheok, Kangwondo about forest fire alarming area and enlargement of the area. Then, visible area by unattended watching camera and watchtower for forest fire which were run by Samcheok was cross-checked with geographic information system, and it could be whether effective on watching the area where the forest fire risk was high enough and also it could be expanded to larger forest fire. The result of study, the visible area by watching facilities only holds for 13.4% of the whole forest fire alarming area, but the forest fire can be observed even though it is occurred in small valley because of smoke and all the forest fire have been occurred in daytime. Therefore, it can be determined that watching area will be extended around 50.3% while the observation radii of watching facilities raise by 4km. However, Samcheok has much greater area of mountain area in compared to any other cities or counties, watching facilities should be installed and run additionally for extinguishing the forest fire from the beginning.

• Proceedings of the Korea Information Processing Society Conference
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• 2010.11a
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• pp.621-624
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• 2010

전통사회가 근대화 되면서 정치 경제 사회 문화 등의 전반적인 발전이 이루어졌다. 농촌지역들이 도시화 되면서 새로운 건물들이 지어지고 기존의 건물들이 증축되면서 건물은 점점 높아지고 대형화 되었다. 또한 건물들이 밀집되면서 한 곳에서 발생한 화재가 건물 내에서 번지거나 또는 주변 건물 등에 옮겨 붙어 대형화재로 이어질 수 있는 위험이 증가되고 있다. 대형 화재를 예방 하고 화재사고의 인명 및 재산 피해를 최소화하기 위해서 화재를 조기에 감지하는 화재감지 기술에 대한 필요성이 증가하고 있다. 화재가 발생 될 때 나타나는 화재의 특징들을 살펴보고 이를 통해 화재를 조기에 판단하기 위한 조건을 알아본다. 또한 이러한 조건들에 부합되는 최근의 연기 및 화염 감지 시스템의 연구 동향에 대해 알아본다.

• Analytical Science and Technology
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.1-7
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• 2015

4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK), a tobacco specific nitrosamine found only in tobacco products. The ability to monitor biomarker concentrations is very important in understanding environmental tobacco smoke (ETS). In this study, an efficient and sensitive method for the analysis of NNK in dust was developed and validated using liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. Dust was collected with filter paper soaked in methanol. The standard solution and dust sample were diluted with 100 mM ammonium acetate and extracted using dichloromethane. Our calibration curves ranged from 25 to $10^4pg/mL$. Excellent linearity was obtained with correlation coefficient values between 0.9996 and 1.0000. The limit of detection (LOD) was 5 pg/mL ($S/N{\geq}3$) and the retention time was 10 min. The limit of quantification (LOQ) was 25 pg/mL, and the acceptance criteria was the rate of 98-103% (80-120% at levels up to $3{\times}LOQ$). The coefficient of variations (CV) was 2.8%. Accuracies determined from dust samples spiked with four different levels of NNK racurves ranged that from 25 to 104 pg/mL. Excellent linearity was obtained between 92.1% and 114%. The precision of the method was acceptable (5% of CV). The recovery rates of the whole analytical procedure at low, medium, and high levels were 105.7-116.5% for NNK. The carry-over effects during LC-MS/MS analysis were not observed for NNK. This manuscript summarizes the scientific evidence on the use of markers to measure ETS.

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.30 no.5
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• pp.100-107
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• 2016

Today, high-rise buildings expected to meet various needs and improve the quality of frequency of fire and the potential risks are increasing. In particular, the fire spread risk in the vertical direction is increasing. As a result there is a problem with delays in the evacuation time of occupants. To overcome this problem, there is a need to consider the structure of the building and develop a system for the early detection of fire by applying a fire alarm system according to the risk ranking. Therefore, this paper describes the vertical fire spread characteristics of a multistory double-skin and stairs structure with risk. The data were compared with that from the national and international fire alarms as well as with. smoke density, smoke detectors, visibility, and CO concentration using FDS. A fire alarm system for each structure is proposed.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Industry Convergence
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• v.26 no.6_3
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• pp.1251-1258
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• 2023

Traditional markets are infrastructure with facilities and characteristics of very high population density. Recently, arcades have been installed through traditional market modernization policies, and aging infrastructure has been repaired. However, gas and electrical facilities of traditional markets cannot be easily replaced because of its high density. And because regular inspections are not conducted, management of facilities is on very poor condition. In addition, when a fire occurs in a traditional market, the fire easily spreads to nearby stores and is likely to spread to a large fire because of a lot of highly flammable substances. Smoke detectors and heat detectors are installed in most traditional markets to monitor fires, but malfunctions are frequent due to the nature of smoke detectors and heat detectors, and network facilities are not properly maintained. Therefore, in this study, gas detection sensors and flame detectors are additionally installed in Gwangmyeong Traditional Market, and a digital twin-based traditional market fire monitoring system is implemented in conjunction with existing sensors in the market's 3D model. With this digital twin based fire monitoring system, we can reduce the malfunctions of fire detect sensors, and can easily guide the evacuation route.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Intelligent Systems
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.173-178
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• 2007

Recently, fires happen to occur owing to various factors. However, the demage caused by the fire is eyer increasing because timely actions could not be taken. To reduce the demage, a development of fire detection system which makes it possible to take adequate actions is requited. In this work, a sensor network-based fire detection system which utilizes both sensor nodes equipped with smoke sensor and unmaned helicopter is proposed. The proposed system is composed of unmaned helicopter which can gather the measurement data from the deployed sensor nodes and the embedded system which can get visual information on the firing spot and transmit these images to a remote server computer. The proposed system is applied to actual test bed to verify its feasibility.