• Journal of the Korean Institute of Intelligent Systems
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• v.15 no.6
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• pp.709-713
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• 2005

A new algorithm is proposed for the extraction of line segments to construct 3D wire-frame models of building from the high-resolution aerial images. The purpose of this study Is the accurate and effective extraction of line segments, considering the problems such as discordance of lines and blurred edges existing in the conventional methods. Using the edge map extracted from aerial images, chain code tracking of edges was performed. Then, we extract the line segments considering the strength of edges and the direction of them. SUSAN (Smallest Uni-value Segment Assimilating Nucleus) algorithm proposed by Smith was used to extract an edge map. The proposed algorithm consists of 4 steps: removal of the horizontal, vertical and diagonal components of edges to reduce non-candidate point of line segments based on the chain code tracking of the edge map, removal of contiguous points, removal of the same angle points, and the extraction of the start and end points to be line segments. By comparing the proposed algorithm with Boldt algorithm, better results were obtained regarding the extraction of the representative line segments of buildings, having relatively less extraction of unnecessary line segments.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Prosthodontics
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• v.41 no.1
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• pp.61-70
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• 2003

The purpose of this study was to investigate the contact angles and wettability of conventional dental stones and improved dental stones and newly developed dental stones on several impression materials. Materials included in this study were several dental stones and newly developed dental stone ; 2 type III stones (Snow Rock, New Diastone), 6 type IV stones(Crystal Rock, Vel Mix, Fuji Rock, Tuff Rock, Resin Rock and newly developed dental stone) and 1 type V stone (Die Keen). Contact angles on the impression materials were measured with contact angle measuring device. Ten specimens for each material, total 180 specimens were made on void entrapment model. The two impression materials (Handae, GC) were used to produce 9 groups of die stone casts form void entrapment model. Voids in the stone casts were counted under a stereoscopic microscope. The grad for the reproduction ability of each materials on the void entrapment model was calculated from the casts by one examiner. From the experiment, the following results were obtained : 1. The newly developed stones showed smallest contact angle. Type III dental stone had larger contact angles than type IV and V stones. Contact angle was much affected by the impression materials. 2. Resin containing die materials such as Tuff Rock and Resin Rock had smallest void number than any other groups. 3. In comparing reproduction parameters, Tuff Rock and Resin Rock presented superior results, while Vel Mix showed lowest reproduction ability.

• Advances in pediatric surgery
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.1-10
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• 2006

Recent advances in neonatal management have resulted in a dramatic increase in survival of very low birth weight infants. These critically ill infants, however, continue to pose significant challenges in management and ethics. There is little information on the outcome of the micropremie (birth weight less than 800 g) that require surgery. The records of 171 micropremies treated over a 15 year period (beginning in 1989) at Asan Medical Center was reviewed retrospectively. Forty-one (24.0 %) infants required surgical interventions by pediatric surgeons. There were 90 boys and 81 girls. The smallest infant, weighed 396g at birth, had esophageal atresia and died before surgery. The smallest survivor, birth weight 645 g, received anenterostomy for necrotizing enterocolitis at the weight of 590 g. The gestational age of the group rangedfrom 21 to 36 weeks. The most common surgical problem was inguinal hernia. There were 20 inguinal hernias, and repairs were performed on17 infants. Excluding 2 cases, hernia repair was performed at the time of discharge. There was only one recurrence of adirect inguinal hernia. Necrotizing enterocolitis developed in 17 patients, 11 were operated upon, two had peritoneal drainages, and 9 had enterostomies. Five of 11 surgical infants died after operation and three of the nonsurgical infants died of various complications. Although micropremies have potentially high risks of serious complications and death, the outcome can improve with careful surgical observation and judgment.

• Journal of Technologic Dentistry
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• v.42 no.2
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• pp.113-120
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• 2020

Purpose: This study is to compare and analyze the shrinkage of the specimen after UV irradiation of UV cured resin at 5, 15, and 30 minutes. Methods: A cylindrical UV cured specimen was produced using a stainless steel mold. UV cured resin specimens were prepared in three groups: 5 minutes cured (5M), 15 minutes cured (15M), and 30 minutes cured (30M). The measurement was made in total 3rd. The measurement was made in total 3rd. The primary measurement was made after 24 hours using a digital measuring instrument. The 2nd and 3rd measurements were deposited in a constant temperature water bath and the shrinkage was measured. The measured data was calculated by referring to the ASTM C326 linear measurement calculation method. T-test and One-way ANOVA were performed to test the significance between groups. The post-test was conducted with Tukey (α=0.05). Results: When the inner diameter and the outer diameter of the three groups not placed in the water bath were compared and analyzed, the contraction was the smallest at 6.8% in the 5M group, and the contraction was the largest at 7.3% in the 30M group. In the outer diameter, the contraction of the 5M group was the smallest at 3.5%, and the contraction of the 30M group was the largest at 4.5%. Shrinkage decreased in all three groups immersed in a water bath for 3-7 days. Conclusion: In the UV cured resin specimen, the shrinkage increased as the amount of UV irradiation increased.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.23-34
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• 1991

With 10 subjects of 6-year-old children residing in Pusan, I analyzed the relation of walking types(step angle, step width, step and stride) and wear comfort according to the style and size fo shoes in order to reveal the fitness of children's shoes centered on the relationship of shoes size and walking. Three styles of children's shoes(laced and unlaced formal shoes, magic-taped sports shoes) ranging in five different size were used. The following are conclusions. 1. As to step angle, there was no conceivable change in the left side, while the right side had a significance in accordance with the shoes size at p<0.001. As the size grew, right step angle of all shoes increased, with unlaced shoes having more influence than others. Step angle were the smallest when all the sampled shoes made the difference of 5mm between foot size and shoes size. 2. As to step width, there was no conceivable change in the style of shoes, while shoes size had a significance at p<0.001. As the size grew, step width also increased. Step width were the smallest when all the sampled shoes made the difference of 5mm between foot size and shoes size. 3. Step and stride, however, took no significance at all, since they were not influenced by the size or style of the shoes. 4. Wear comfort had a significance at the level of p<0.001. Since it was influenced by the size or style of the shoes. The best wear comfort was felt when all the sampled shoes had laces and magic tapes as well as the size with the difference of 5-10mm between foot size and shoes size.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.71-78
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• 1996

This experiments were conducted using color films for investigation of suitable light environment on the growth of Allium senescens var. minor. The results obtained were as follows ; In characteristics of light transmittance of the color films tested, it shows that glass and transparent film passed nearly all visible rays, but the other films were reduced and filtered certain wavelength of light. On the tested films, the light transmittance amount of transparent film and green film were the greatest, 75.5% and smallest, 13.2% based on the glass 100%, respectively. The growth of Allium senescens var. minor increased at transparent, yellow and pink film, but decreased at blue and green film. It shows that the greatest chlorophyll content was founded in the blue film, 0.27mg/g, the smallest founded in the yellow film, 0.16mg/g. The content of mineral elements was founded that the green film was the highest at N, P, K, Ca, Mg, but the orange and pink film were the lowest at P, K and N, Ca, Mg, respectively.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• v.29 no.6
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• pp.654-661
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• 2005

Copper is a well known alloying element that is used to improve the resistance to general corrosion of stainless steel And also Cu cation have the anti-fouling effect to inhibit adhesion of the marine algae and shellfish to the surface of heat exchanger cooling pipe or outside wall of the ship, Therefore there are some anti-fouling methods such as anti-fouling Paint mixed with copper oxide or MGPS(Marine Growth Preventing System) by using Cu cation dissolved to the sea wather solution. Cu cation can be dissolved spontaneously by galvanic current due to Potential difference between Cu and cooling pipe of heat exchanger with Ti material, which may be one of the anti-fouling designs. In this study the effect of annealing heat treatment to galvanic current and Polarization behavior was investigated with a electrochemical points of view such as measurement of corrosion Potential, anodic polarization curve. cyclic voltammetric curve, galvanic current etc The grain size of the surface in annealed at $700^{\circ}C$ was the smallest than that of other annealing temperatures. and also the corrosion Potential showed more positive potential than other annealing temperatures. The galvanic current between Ti and Cu with annealed at $700^{\circ}C$ was the largest value in the case of static condition. However its value in the case of flow condition was the smallest than the other temperatures. Therefore in order to increase anti-fouling effect by Cu cation, the optimum annealing temperature in static condition of sea water is $700^{\circ}C$, however non- heat treated specimen in the case of flow condition may be desirable.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.54 no.6
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• pp.507-521
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• 2010

Training for asthma patients by professionals has been highly emphasized for patients' self-management. In the present study, three standardized training sessions targeting hospital pharmacists were performed. On the basis of the number of training sessions taken, a non-educated group (CG), an once-educated group (NG), and a twice more-educated group (IG) were allocated. The most frequent errors of using an inhalant were shaking before the use in MDI while taking breathe out before inhaling in the case of DPI, and the total average number of errors were the biggest for CG and the smallest in IG. On comparison in the number of the four symptoms of asthma according to the level of seriousness, it was revealed that the total average number was the biggest in CG and the smallest in IG. In the level of awareness regarding the contents of training for patients, patients over 50 tended to answer that they were aware of education contents, and particularly in mouth rinsing and the use before/after a meal, significant similarity was examined. Regular asthma patient training performed by hospital pharmacists appeared to reduce errors in the inhaler usage, increase the quality of life of an patient, and help a patient remember the contents of the training. Especially among patients over 50, it was found to be more effective and retraining of more than two sessions was requisite.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.37-48
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• 1986

The purpose of this study was to analyze 'the natural groupings' of subjects in order to classify highly similar somatotype for clothing construction. The sample for the study was drawn randomly out of senior high school boys in Seoul urban area. The sample size was 425 boys between age 16 and 18. Cluster analysis was more concerned with finding the hierarchical structure of subjects by three dimensional distance of stature. bust girth and sleeve length. The groups forming a partition can be subdivided into 5 and 6 sets by the hierarchical tree of the given subjects. Ward's Minimum Variance Method was applied after extraction of distance matrix by the Standardized Euclidean Distance. All of the above data was analyzed by the computer installed at Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology. The major findings, take for instance, of 16 age group can be summarized as follows. The results of cluster analysis of this study: 1. Cluster 1 (32 persons means $18.29\%$ of the total) is characterized with smaller bust girth than that of cluster 5, but stature and sleeve length of the cluster 1 are the largest group. 2. Cluster 2 (18 Persons means $10.29\%$ of the total) is characterized with the group of the smallest stature and sleeve length, but bust girth larger than that of cluster 3. 3. Cluster 3(35persons means $20\%$ of the total) is classified with the smallest group of all the stature, bust girth and sleeve length. 4. Cluster 4(60 persons means $34.29\%$ of the total) is grouped with the same value of sleeve length with the mean value of 16 age group, but the stature and bust girth is smaller than the mean value of this age group. 5. Cluster 5(30 persons means $17.14\%$ of the total) is characterized with smaller stature than that of cluster 1, and with larger bust girth than that of cluster 1, but with the same value of the sleeve length with the mean value of the 16 age group.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.170-182
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• 1996

The purpose of this study is to classify the upper body of women into several kind.; of somatotypes, using the method of Surgical Tape and making their shells. The subjects are 50 females 20 to 29 years-old. Fifty-one anthropometric data are measured per shell of body surface : eight somatotype factors are obtained through principal component analysis and orthogonal rotation by the method of Varimax, Somatotype of women's upper body is achieved by cluster analysis, using the standardized factor score a.: an independent variable and the FASTCLUS of SAS by Kmeans. The results are as follows : 1. The number of the factors which explain the somatotype is eight and these factors comprise 81.63 percent of total variance. Factor 1 related to the degree of fatness in the front of upper body Factor 2 related to the degree of fatness in the back of upper body Factor 3 . related to the length of the upper body Factor 4 : related to the type of the upper chest over the chest circmference line Factor 5 : related to the armhole and neck Factor 6 : related to the type of lower chest under the chest circumference line Factor 7: related to the part of the back shoulder Factor 8: related to the depth of front neck and side dart of front independently 2. Cluster analysis results in classification of upper body into five clusters. Cluster 1 : the of circumference i.: lager and that of length is longer than the average The louver part of chest is the lagest and widest among surface areas. Cluster 2 : the circumference is the smallest , the length and surface area are small. The upper and lower chest is small Cluster 3 : the length and surface area are the smallest , the circumference is average. The body line (silhouette) from chest to waist is curved slightly.