• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.20 no.10
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• pp.1243-1263
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• 2011

This study was carried out to determine marine environments and phytoplankton community in Deukryang Bay during the period of summer in 1987-2010. Water temperature, salinity, pH and dissolved oxygen were shown in much yearly fluctuations. In August, water temperatures in surface and on bottom were the highest, compared with average surface (24.54$^{\circ}C$) and bottom (22.90$^{\circ}C$) water temperature for 18 years in Deukryang Bay. The main reason is assumed to longer duration of sunshine during the period of August. Although the amount of the rainfall in August was the highest, significant impact of marine environment did not show. Most of dissolved inorganic nitrogen and phosphate in Deukryang were lower concentration during summer and N:P ratio also showed below 18 in Redfield. In particular, extreme increasing of N:P ratio in August was occurred by intensive precipitation. Distribution of phytoplankton community was a consistent occurrence for 18 years. The genus of Chaetoceros, Cosinodisucs and Skeletonema were regarded as the represent diatom, whereas the highest occurrence of genus among dinofagellates was Ceratium. It is thought that the relationship between phytoplankton and nutrient has a strong positive signal, although nutrients persist a little concentration and much fluctuations in marine environments were observed. High availability in phytoplankton is contributed to consistently provide the food organism of shellfish. Consequently, recent decreasing production of shellfish and seed are probably associated with higher temperature during the period of summer. However, higher temperature is also occurred ago and after 2000. On the basis of geography, Deukryang Bay had a small mouth and long channel, which is attributed to decreasing genetic diversity. It is assumed that higher temperature and lower genetic diversity have a extreme impact of larvae and shellfish for reproduction in Deukryang. It is necessary to persistently monitor based on water quality and phytoplankton community.

• Journal of KIISE:Software and Applications
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.160-168
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• 2007

For developing a text classifier using supervised learning, a manually labeled corpus of large size is required. However, it takes a lot of time and human effort. Recently a research paradigm was proposed to use a raw corpus and a small amount of seed information instead of manually labeled corpus. In this paper we introduce an unsupervised learning method that makes it possible to achieve better performance than other related works. The characteristics of our approach is that average mutual information is used to learn representative words and their weights and then update of the weights is done using a technique inspired by the works in information retrieval. By iterating this teaming process it was shown that a high performance system can be developed.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.11-18
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• 1976

Metabolizable energy (M.E.) values of 12 U.S. feedstuffs and 10 Korean feed ingredients for poultry were determined both by the total collection method and by the chromic oxide indicator method. It was found that M.E. values of most poultry feedstuffs can be measured accurately by either method. Limitation of feed intake to almost maintenance level(approximately 60% of ad libitum) did not increase or decrease the M.E. value of the feeds. An attempt was made to establish a prediction equation to estimate the M.E. values based on the apparent metabolizability of dry matter (D.M.) in the feedstuffs. The results indicated that linear relationships do exist between D. M. metabolizability and M.E. values of carbohydrate-rich feedstuffs (grains and their by-products) or protein-rich feed ingredients (oil seed meals and animal protein feeds) or lipid-rich feeds (fats and oils) as follows: The prediction equation for carbohydrate-rich feedstuffs was Y = 0.0947x - 3.498 ($r^2\;=\;0.99$, Sy.x = 0.015); for protein-rich feed ingredients. it was Y = 0.1234x - 4.898 ($r^2\;=\;0.99$, Sy.x = 0.027); and for lipid-rich feedstuffs it was Y = 0.0844x + 0.774 ($r^2\;=\;0.99$, Sy.x = 0.032). where x = metabolizability of dry matter of feeds in %, and Y=metabolizable energy values in kcal./g. The errors attached to these estimations were relatively small. Thus these prediction equations may be very useful for estimation of the M.E. values from D.M. apparent metaboiizability of feeds, especially in areas of the world where calorimetry is not possible.

• Journal of KIISE:Software and Applications
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.122-130
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• 2009

Conventional approaches for car number plate detection have dealt with those input images having similar sizes and simple background acquired under well organized environment. Thus their performance get reduced when input images include number plates with different sizes and when they are acquired under different lighting conditions. To solve these problem, this paper proposes a new scheme that uses the geometrical features of number plates and their topological information with reference to other features of the car. In the first step, those edges constructing a rectangle are detected and several pixels neighboring those edges are selected as the seed pixels for region growing. For region growing, color and intensity are used as the features, and the result regions are merged to construct the candidate for a number plate if their features are within a certain boundary. Once the candidates for the number plates are generated then their topological relations with other parts of the car such as lights are tested to finally determine the number plate region. The experimental results have shown that the proposed method can be used even for detecting small size number plates where characters are not visible.

• Plant Resources
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.76-80
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• 2003

This study was conducted to investigate the relationships between yearly variations of meteorological elements and yearly variations of productivity in hot pepper. In addition, correlation coefficients among the yields and yield components were used to find out the relationships between meteorological elements and productivity. Yearly variation of the mean air temperature in May and July showed large with coefficients of variation(C.V.) of 25.0,8.9%, respectively, but the variation of the duration of sunshine in May were relative small. Yield and plant height was greatly with C.V. of 7.14,11.6%, respectively, diameter of fruit showed more or less C.V. of 2.28% and length of fruit showed less variation. Correlation coefficients between maximum temperature in period of cultivation from May and yield are positively significant at the level of 1 %. Correlation Coefficients between precipitation in period of cultivation from May to August and yield are negative significant at the level of 5 and 1 %, respectively. Correlation coefficients amount the plant height, length of fruit, diameter of fruit per plant, and seed yield were positively significant at the level of 1 %, respectively.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.17-22
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• 1972

This results concerning the growth of transplanting of the oyster seed, Crassostrea angulata and Ostrea Iurida, which were transplanted from Japan by air, and cultivated by the raft suspended method at the coast of Yeongoo-Ri, Koje-Goon, located on the southern coast of Korea from January to December 1970, are as follows, 1. The mean shell height of O. lurida was 36.4mm, and the shape of the shell was round and small. On the other hand, the mean shell height of C. angulata was 87.4mm and the shell length was 52.3mm, and the shape of the shell was oval and large, 2. O. lurida and C. angulata oysters grew well when the water temperature was above $16^{\circ}C$ and the specific gravity ranged from 1.0171 to 1.0236 from June to July. 3. There was a little difference in relative valiance between shell length and height of O, lurida but significant difference was shown in C. angulata from July to November. 4. The mortality rate of O. lurida was $35.2\%$ and that of C. angulata was $21.7\%$ respectively.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.242-252
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• 1998

The inhabitation environments and growth conditions of Machilus thunbergii community in the Pyonsanbando located at southwestern area in Korea were examined and analyzed to provide some practical data to be used to establish measures for long term succession monitoring, protection and sustainable management. The Machilus thunbergii community are located at Kyokpo-ri, Pyonsan-myon, Puan-gun(35$^{\circ}$35′24"N~35$^{\circ}$ 42′30"N, 126$^{\circ}$28′18"E~126$^{\circ}$40′40"E). Within the Pyonsanbando area the mean temperature is 12.4$^{\circ}C$, the warmth index 101.5$^{\circ}C$.month, the coldness index -12.3$^{\circ}C$ month and the annual precipitation 1,016mm. The soil within the community is silt loam or clay loam and so fertile. 30 species and 1 varieties of 21 families inhabited at the community. There were 18 grown trees and 131 saplings of Machilus thunbergii within the community. The mean basal diameter, mean height, and crown width of grown trees was measured to be 57.4cm, 7.4m and 9.0~9.8m respectively. And 9 trees were full flowering, 2 trees small flowering here and there, and 7 trees non flowering in 1998. The mean branch growth length was 8.3cm, mean leaf area 18.3$\textrm{cm}^2$, mean inflorecence length 9.3cm, mean fertilization 14.5％ and mean seed diameter 7.6mm. Further rich management measure and investigation were recommended such as sapling protection, signboard construction, soil erosion controlling and regular monitoring within the community.

• Plant Resources
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.196-201
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• 2002

This study was conducted to investigate the relationships between yearly variations of climatic elements and yearly variations of productivity in sesame. In addition, correlation coefficients among yield and yield components were estimated. The data of yield and yield components were investigated for 10 years from 1992 to 2001. The meteorological data gathered at the Yeosu Weather Station for the same period were used to find out the relationships between climatic elements and productivity. Yearly variation of the amount of precipitation in July and September were large with coefficients of variation(c.v.) of 64.59, 92.47%, respectively, but the variation of the average temperature in June and August were relative small. Yield and plant height greatly with c. v. of 26.24, 23.41 %, respectively, 1, 000 grain weights show more or less c.v. of 3.83% and length capsule setting show still less variation. Correlation coefficients between maximun temperature in period of cultivation(from June to September) and yield are positively significant at the level of 5.1 %, respectively. Correlation coefficients amount the plant height, length capsule setting, number of capsules per plant, weight of 1, 000 grains and seed yield were positively significant at the level of 1 %, respectively. Simple linear regression equations by the least square method are estimated for number of capsules per plant(Y$_1$) and the maximun temperature in August(X) as $Y_1$=10.1255+0.1725X, and for yield(Y$_2$) and the maximun temperature in August(X) as $Y_2$=21.6151 + 1.3724X.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.49 no.5
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• pp.407-409
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• 2004

Thirty-nine out of eighty-five barley varieties/strains survived until heading stage in the saline experimental field $(0.03-0.05\%\;salt)$ and they were used for pollen study. Light and scanning electron microscopic observations revealed two distinctive types of barley pollens: one transparent and small in size and the other dark and larger. In addition, both types of pollens were stained with Alexander's stain and it was found that the smaller and transparent pollen was cytoplasm-devoid (CD) while the larger pollen was cytoplasm-rich (CR). Sixteen out of 39 barley varieties/lines grown in the saline soil had CR pollens, which were rarely observed in the barley plants grown in the non-saline soil. Moreover, it was observed that salt stress severely reduced seed setting in the varieties having degenerated pollens. These results suggest that salt stress affects the fertility of barley pollen. The sterile pollen was undersized and lack of cytoplasm probably due to abortion. Furthermore, a varietal difference existed in the response of pollen development to salt stress.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.47 no.3
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• pp.189-195
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• 2002

Soybean sprout trails were evaluated for soybeans for sprout (Glycine max) and wild soybeans (Glycine soja). Soybeans for sprout are characterized with small seed size of 10-14 grams per 100 seeds and are traditionally used only for producing sprouts. No difference was observed in hypocotyl length and sprout yield between two types of soybean. (However total length, hypocotyl hypocotyl, body weight, and the rate of good quality were greater in soybeans for sprout.) Number of lateral roots and root length were greater in wild soybeans. Contents of crude oil, oleic acid, and sucrose were higher in soybean for sprout, while that of protein and linoleic acid were higher in wild soybeans. There was no difference in sprout isoflavone content. Out of 17 amino acids analyzed, 10 amino acids such as aspartic acid, lysine, and arginine. etc. showed significantly Higher content in wild soybeans. Hypocotyl color of sprouts estimated by color meter based on the degree of L(brightness), a(red), and b(yellow) values were better in wild soybeans than soybean for sprout.