• Progress in Medical Physics
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.81-91
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• 2018

Particulate matter (PM) in dust causes serious pathological conditions, and it has been considered a critical health issue for many years. Respiratory disorders such as bronchitis, asthma, and chronic inflammation, are the most common illnesses due to PM that appears as dust. There is evidence that cardiovascular and neurological abnormalities are caused by PM. Although an extensive amount of work has been conducted on this topic, including studies on the nature of the particles, particle size measurements, particle distribution upon inhalation, the health effects of fine particles, disease prevention, diagnosis, and treatment, to this date, there is still a considerable lack of knowledge in these areas. Therefore, the identification of the key components that cause diseases owing to PM, and the specific diagnoses of the diseases, is important. This review will explore the current literature on the origin and nature of PM and their effects on human health. In addition, it will also highlight the approaches that have been adopted in order to diagnose the effects of PM using positron emission tomography (PET) or single-photon emission computerized tomography (SPECT).

• Journal of Korean Society of Rural Planning
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.57-64
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• 2010

This study aims to understand the degree of inequality of surveyed amenity resources and identify which resource and region have the highest concentration by estimating Lorenz Curve and the Gini's Coefficient. The Lorenz Curve and Gini's Coefficient derived from economics are introduced as tools for investigating and quantifying regional variability of amenity resources concentration. This study describes the concepts underlying the application of the Gini's coefficient to measure the concentration of amenity resources in 11 regions, Chungbuk Province, Korea. The Lorenz Curve presents a graphical view of the cumulative distribution of amenity resources and the Gini's Coefficient provides a single-parameter measure of the distributional concentration of amenity resources. Also the Gini's Coefficient is compared to the number of amenity resource for understanding distributional difference between concentration and quantitative distribution of amenity resources. The results demonstrate significantly different regional variation according to the amenity variables: almost intact nature, interaction between nature and man, man-made.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.25 no.5
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• pp.629-647
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• 2017

As fashion has concentrated increasingly on inner values, it has become more directly connected with human life and society. This study analyzed anti-fashion, a movement that resists mainstream society and culture, which it views as causing inner conflicts such as competition, mammonism, consumerism, and egoism by fixating solely on the pursuit of growth and improvement. The study examined Kinfolk, an independent lifestyle magazine, to determine the essential values and principles that comprise this movement's refusal of mainstream modern society. The analysis of Kinfolk identified the following characteristics of, the Kinfolk lifestyle: essentialism, nature-friendliness, retro sensibilities, socio-ethical awareness, and diversity. Essentialism refers to the pursuit of essence, brevity, innovation based on tradition and slow life. Nature-friendliness involves communion with nature and humanity, animal-friendliness, de-industrialization, de-urbanization, and nomadic behavior. The components of the retro sensibility include nostalgia, and interests in vintage culture, and handcrafts. Diversity encompasses commonplaceness, various subcultures, agelessness, genderlessness, acceptance of other cultures, and new understanding. The analysis identified the tendencies of anti-fashion in Kinfolk magazine as simplicity, naturalism, resistance to novelty, ethics, and inclusiveness. Anti-fashion pursues the essential values of human life that have been lost or forgotten in modern society. It is important to pay constant attention to the values of minority, non-mainstream and indie cultures that represent anti-fashion. It exerts considerable influence and has great potential as an area for the development of various style-based paradigms rather than as a single fashion direction.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.47 no.4
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• pp.328-334
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• 2011

Leucine zipper motif consists of multiple periodic leucine residues, which forms amphipathic alpha helix. The hydrophobic nature of leucine zipper motif can dimerize proteins which contain this motif. Leucine zipper motif addition at C-terminus of single-chain Fv (ScFv) antibody induces its dimerization. Since the dimeric ScFv antibody contains two antigen binding sites (bivalency) like Y-shaped complete antibody, it could increase avidity. As a result, it could show higher antigen binding activity than monomeric ScFv antibodies. Based on this concept, monomeric chicken 8C3 ScFv antibody previously developed from chicken hybridoma was dimerized by the addition of leucine zipper motif at C-terminus of ScFv antibody. The dimeric 8C3 ScFv antibody specifically reacted with Eimerian sporozoite which causes Avian Coccidiosis. As expected, dimeric 8C3 ScFv antibody showed 3-folds higher antigen binding activity than monomer due to increased avidity. In addition, protien yields of dimer expression were 2-folds higher than monomer.

• Ocean and Polar Research
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.247-254
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• 2010

Single cell PCR analysis and light and scanning electron microscopic techniques were utilized to identify free living bivalve larvae in the coastal waters of Tae-an, on the west coast of Korea. Through DNA sequencing, venerid clam larvae were isolated and identified as Ruditapes philippinarum (99% similarity) and Meretrix lusoria (99%). Under microscopic observation, the D-veliger stage of R. philippinarum exhibited symmetrical shoulder angles and an elliptical ventral form. In contrast, M. lusoria displayed asymmetrical shoulder angles and a round ventral form in the umbonal stage. Size of the R. philippinarum larvae was $156{\pm}22{\mu}m$ in length, $126{\pm}12{\mu}m$ in height, $92{\pm}14{\mu}m$ in width with a length: height ratio of 1.23. Meretrix lusoria was $202{\pm}44{\mu}m$ in length, $161{\pm}35{\mu}m$ in height, $96{\pm}38{\mu}m$ in width with a length: height ratio of 1.25. Experimental results indicate that morphological and molecular characteristics provide evidence for the larval identification of these two venerid clam larvae species in nature.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.66-72
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• 1998

Studies were performed to determine the effect of Korean red ginseng (extract powder, spray-dried), it is made of choice 6-year-old raw ginseng roots, and processed by steaming and drying, on jejunal crypt survival, endogenous spleen colony formation, and apoptosis in jejunal crypt cells of irradiated mice. Jejunal crypts were protected by pretreatment of red ginseng (1 mg/head, single I.P. at 24hours before irradiation, p<0.05). Red ginseng administration before irradiation (1 mg/head, single I.P at 24hours before irradiation) resulted in an increase of the formation of endogenous spleen colony (p<0.05). The frequency of radiation-Induced apoptosis in intestinal crypt cells was also reduced by treatment of red ginseng both pretreatment (P.O.: 2 mg/ml of drinking water for 7 days, p<0.005, I.P.: 1 mg/head, single I.P. at 24 hours before irradiation, p<0.005) and post-treatment (1 mg/head, single I.P at 30 minutes after irradiation, p<0.05). These results indicated that Korean red ginseng might be a useful radio-protector, especially since it is a relatively nontoxic natural product. Further studies are needed to characterize better the promotion nature of red ginseng and its fractions.

• The Transactions of the Korea Information Processing Society
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.26-33
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• 2024

There has been a recent surge of interest in the Digital Twin technology. The Digital Twin is technique for optimizing objects by simulating physical phenomena or objects through computer-based simulations. Currently, single Digital Twin is being developed to optimize processes limited to specific fields, but there is a limitation in that the independent Digital Twins cannot analyze the vast and complex processes of the real world. To overcome this, the concept of federated Digital Twin has been introduced. To date, the federated Digital Twin research has primarily focused on how to optimize macroscopic objects such as cities. However, by leveraging the interconnected nature of twins, existing implementations of the single Digital Twins can be modularized. In this study, we define the concepts and interrelationships of the single Digital Twin and the federated Digital Twin from a functional perspective related to process optimization and design a modularization technique for the single Digital Twin using the federated Digital Twin. Furthermore, this study aims to discuss the proposed methodology's efficacy by designing a model applying modularization to a real-world fabric manufacturing case.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.18 no.11
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• pp.1557-1563
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• 2005

Ovarian follicular fluid contains both stimulatory and inhibitory agents that influence the growth and maturation of oocyte. In the present study, an attempt was made to isolate and study the biological properties of ovarian follicular fluid peptide(s) in buffaloes. Bubaline ovarian follicular was made steroid- and cell-free. A protein fraction was obtained by saturation (30-35% level) of the follicular fluid with ammonium sulfate. The protein fraction was purified with Sephadex-G 50 gel filtration chromatography and a single peak was obtained in the eluant volume, which was lyophilized. SDS-PAGE of the lyophilized fraction revealed a single band and the molecular weight of the peptide was 26.6 kDa. The peptide stimulated the cumulus cell expansion and in vitro maturation rate of oocytes in buffaloes in a dose dependent manner when it was incorporated at different dose levels (0, 10, 25, 50, 100 and 1,000 ng $ml^{-1}$ of maturation medium). The basic culture medium consisted of TCM 199 with Bovine serum albumin (0.3%). The in vitro maturation rates were comparable to those obtained with a positive control medium (TCM 199+20 ng EGF $ml^{-1}$+steer serum (20%)). Further purification and biological assays may throw more light on the nature and functions of this peptide.

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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• 2012.08a
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• pp.219-219
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• 2012

The formation and thermal desorption behaviors of octanethiol (OT) SAMs on single crystalline Au (111) and polycrystalline Au, Ag, and Cu substrates were examined by X-ray photoelectron microscopy (XPS), thermal desorption spectroscopy (TDS), and contact angle (CA) measurements. XPS and CA measurements revealed that the adsorption of octanethiol (OT) molecules on these metals led to the formation of chemisorbed self-assembled monolayers (SAMs). Three main desorption fragments for dioctyl disulfide (C8SSC8+, dimer), octanethiolate (C8S+), and octanethiol (C8SH+) were monitored using TDS to understand the effects of surface morphology and the nature of metal substrates on the thermal desorption behavior of alkanethiols. TDS measurements showed that a sharp dimer peak with a very strong intensity on single crystalline Au (111) surface was dominantly observed at 370 K, whereas a broad peak on the polycrystalline Au surface was observed at 405 K. On the other hand, desorption behaviors of octanethiolates and octanethiols were quite similar. We concluded that substrate morphology strongly affects the dimerization process of alkanethiolates on Au surfaces. We also found that desorption intensity of the dimer is in the order of Au＞＞Ag＞Cu, suggesting that the dimerization process occurs efficiently when the sulfur-metal bond has a more covalent character (Au) rather than an ionic character (Ag and Cu).

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.58 no.3
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• pp.258-266
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• 2014

Single crystals of cobalt(II) and nickel(II) complexes of 4-nitrobenzoic acid have been successfully grown by gel diffusion technique. The grown crystals were characterized by elemental analysis, FT-IR and UV-Visible spectroscopy. The structure of the grown crystals was elucidated using single crystal X-ray diffraction studies. The title compounds $[Co(Pnba)_2(H_2O)_4]{\cdot}2H_2O$ 1 and $[Ni(Pnba)_2(H_2O)_4]{\cdot}2H_2O$ 2 where PnbaH=4-nitrobenzoic acid, crystallize in centrosymmetric triclinic space group P-1. Magnetic susceptibility measurements reveal that the compounds are paramagnetic in nature. The mechanical strength of the grown crystals was determined by Vicker's microhardness studies. The ligand (4-nitrobenzoic acid) and the complexes have been screened for their biological activity against various bacteria and fungi. The activity data show that the biological activity of the complexes is higher than that of the ligand.