• 한국터널지하공간학회 논문집
• /
• 제12권2호
• /
• pp.129-144
• /
• 2010

원형수직터널에 작용하는 토압은 아칭효과로 인해 2차원 일반 흙막이벽에 작용하는 토압보다 작으므로 원형수직터널 설계 시 벽체에 작용하는 실질적인 토압의 예측이 필요하다. 본 논문은 두 개의 연속된 논문(Companion papers)의 두번째로서 원형수직터널 설계 시 건조한 사질토뿐만 아니라 c-$\phi$ 지반과 다층지반에서 적용 가능하도록 새롭게 제안된 토압식(김도훈 등, 2009)을 증명하기 위해 대형 모형실험을 수행하였다. 고안된 모형실험 장비는 단계별 굴착이 가능하도록 제작 벽체의 반경을 변화시켜가며 실험을 수행하였다. 또한 강사 방법으로 지반을 조성하기 전 건조한 시료에 물을 첨가하고 불포화사질토를 형성시켜 겉보기 점착력을 발현시킴으로써 c-$\phi$ 지반과 다층지반에서 실험을 진행하였다. 실험 결과로서, 단계별 굴착을 모사하였을 때, 아칭효과에 의해 굴착된 지반에서 굴착되지 않은 지반으로 하중이 전이가 일어나는 확인할 수 있었다. 또한, 동시에 굴착했을 때의 토압은 예측한 값에 비해 상당히 작게 나타났지만, 단계별로 굴착했을 때의 최종 토압은 동시 굴착 시의 토압에 비해 크게 나타나며 새롭게 제안된 토압식과 잘 일치하였고 c-$\phi$ 지반과 다층지반에서 수행한 실험의 결과도 겉보기 점착력의 효과로 인해 토압의 감소를 보이며 이론적인 값과 잘 일치하는 것으로 나타났다.

• 한국공작기계학회논문집
• /
• 제16권3호
• /
• pp.1-7
• /
• 2007

Torque fluctuation of an engine and angular velocity variation of a propeller shaft are the main excitation sources in a vehicle driveline. This paper presents the mechanism of these excitation sources. An equivalent model of the engine system and propeller shaft system is constructed to simulate the excitation phenomena. The analytical model contains the geometrical and dynamic mechanism. Combustion pressure of the cylinder is measured from dynamometer. The computer simulation is carried out by commercial program package. Results of the simulations show the characteristics of the torsional excitation source of the driveline.

• 한국소음진동공학회논문집
• /
• 제22권7호
• /
• pp.659-666
• /
• 2012

A nonlinear dynamic model for the shaft-disk-blade unit is developed in this study. In this regard, the rotating flexible blade, with a pre-twist angle, attached to a rigid disk driven by a shaft which is flexible in torsion is developed. The rotor-blade coupled model is derived using Lagrange equation in conjunction with the assumed mode method to discretize the blade deformation. The equations of motion are analyzed based on the small deformation theory for the blade and shaft torsional deformation to obtain the system natural frequencies for various system parameters.

• 설비공학논문집
• /
• 제16권2호
• /
• pp.135-141
• /
• 2004

The present paper concerns a smoke movement in a tunnel fire with a vertical shaft. The model tunnel measured 13.4m long, 0.4m wide and 0.4m high. The cross section is 1： 20 of a full scale tunnel. Ethanol was used as a fuel. The fire size in model tests varied from 1.35 kW to 13.37 kW, which corresponds to full scale fires of 2.41 to 23.91 MW. Smoke front velocity and temperatrue were decreased due to the vertical shaft install. Temperature was reduced maximum about 2$0^{\circ}C$ at ceiling and about 23$^{\circ}C$ at vertical position. CO concentration was reduced as the vent width widened. When vent width was more than 15 cm, CO concentration was not reached 100 ppm. Descent degree of the smoke layer was confirmed through the visualization.

• 대한기계학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 대한기계학회 2001년도 춘계학술대회논문집B
• /
• pp.361-365
• /
• 2001

Laboratory tests are conducted to validate the mechanical model of a filament-wound composite shaft. Also, design charts are produced by validated analytical calculations based on the Timoshenko beam model of a layered steel/composite structure. The major results found are that steel/composite hybrid shafts can lead to better dynamic and static performances over steel or pure composite shafts of the same volume, and the most effective composite structures contain some steel in the form of a tubular core. These results can be used in the design process of composite boring bars and automotive drive shafts.

• 한국터널지하공간학회 논문집
• /
• 제7권1호
• /
• pp.27-36
• /
• 2005

본 연구에서는 장대 터널 화재시 연기의 거동 특성 파악과 수직갱에 의한 배연 능력을 검토하기 위하여 축소 모형실험을 실시하였다. Froude 상사를 기본으로 수직갱을 포함하는 터널을 1/50로 축소하여 20m의 모형 터널을 제작하였다. 화재시 발생되는 연기의 배연실험을 수갱의 높이를 변화시키며 한 결과, 수직갱에 의한 배연은 화재 후방으로의 역기류 전달 시간을 지체시키는 효과를 보였으며, 수직갱의 높이가 증가할수록 온도도 감소하였고, 중앙 높이에서의 온도차이는 수직갱이 없을 경우보다 다소 감소하기는 하나 그 영향은 미비하였다. 수직갱을 지난 지점에서 화재가 발생하였을 경우 수직갱의 높이가 증가하면 수직갱으로의 배연에 의한 역기류 활성화로 CO농도의 전파속도가 증가되며, 단면의 온도도 증가한다. 즉, 수직갱을 지난 지점에서 화재가 발생할 경우 수직갱은 화재 발생으로 인한 연기의 배연에는 유리하나, 오히려 역기류를 증가시켜 화재 초기 승객들의 안전한 대피에는 불리한 상황을 초래한다.

• Design & Manufacturing
• /
• 제6권1호
• /
• pp.45-51
• /
• 2012

The main goal of this paper is to establish an interference tolerance for determining optimal amount of clearance in the shaft-bearing system supported by radial ball bearings. The 2-D frictional contact model was employed for the FE analysis between the shaft and the inner raceway. Several examples were simulated using different material properties for the solid shaft. Efforts were focused on the deformation applied in the radial direction to select suitable bearings. The analysis results showed that the initial axial preload applied on the bearings plays a significant role to reduce bearing fatigue life. The proposed design parameters obtained by numerical simulations can approximately predict a rate of bearing life reduction as a function of shaft diameter ratio. This analysis can also be used to calculate the optimal initial radial clearance in order to obtain a shaft-bearing system design for high accuracy and long life.

• 대한기계학회논문집A
• /
• 제21권5호
• /
• pp.800-808
• /
• 1997

Decision process for length dimension in the mechanical system design process has been studied with a washing machine transmission as a model. The results are, (i) the length dimensions of the non-shaft elements are independent of other elements, (ii) the length dimensions of the shaft elements are dependent on the dimensions of the non-shaft elements located inside and outside of that elements, (iii) the length dimensions of the inner shaft elements are dependent on those of the outer shaft elements located parallel, (iv) the length dimensions of the shaft elements located serial are independent of each other.

• KSTLE International Journal
• /
• 제1권1호
• /
• pp.43-47
• /
• 2000

Oil seals will experience a small amplitude dynamic excitation due to the shaft eccentricity as well as out-of-roundness of the shaft. The direct integration method is selected to analyze the time domain response of the seal lip-shaft contact. The physical properties of rubber seal materials are experimentally analyzed. Effects of both frequency and temperature on the material stiffness behavior are investigated for the linear viscoelastic materials of the seal. Using the nonlinear transient model, a finite element analysis of the lip-shaft contact behaviors under dynamic conditions is presented as a function of the shaft eccentricity, the shaft interference and the garter spring stiffness. The FEM results based on the experimental data indicate that the increased rotating speed may produce the separation conditions. These results will be very useful in predicting the leakage of oil seals under dynamic conditions.

• 한국소음진동공학회논문집
• /
• 제12권2호
• /
• pp.161-169
• /
• 2002

Based on the analytic expression for the elasto-dynamic behavior of rotating shaft, the transfer matrix is formulated for the shaft element with uniform cross-section. Timoshenko beam theory is Introduced for modeling the behavior of shaft. Complex variables representing the displacement, slope, moment and shear force are used for deriving the transfer matrix between both ends of the shaft element. Simulation result obtained by applying the transfer matrix to a general rotor model is compared with the reference result and proved to be exact. Natural frequencies and the corresponding modes are analyzed with varying the bearing: stiffness. The generally used bearings are considered for discussions. and the bearing stiffness is shown to affect the vibration characteristics of rotor.