• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.468-478
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• 2003

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to identify the relationship among sexual contact, sex role identification, and self esteem in Korean girls' high school students. Methods: The data were collected from 522 girls, who were stratified samples from a target population of 63,375 11th grade students from 200 regular high schools and 70 vocational high schools in Seoul, Korea from June 22 to July 18, 2002. Data were processed with the SAS program. Results: It was found that 42.51% of girls haven't experienced any sexual contact at all. The highest frequency in the final level of sexual contact was 'kiss', which was 22.03%. The 'androgyny' type among sex role identities of girls was most common, 32.57%, being followed by the 'undifferentiated' type 31.61%, the 'masculinity' type 18.97%, and the 'femininity' type 16.86, in that order. The sexual contacts such as 'holding hands', 'arms around', 'embracing', and 'kiss' were significantly different depending on sex role identity types. The score for self-esteem was significantly different depending on sex role identity types. The score for self- esteem was not significantly different depending on the final level of sexual contact. Conclusion: Based on the findings of this study, sex education programs should be developed in order to delay the sexual contacts of girls.

• Korean Journal of Culture and Social Issue
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.241-272
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• 2022

This purpose of this study was to use the meta-summary method to systematically integrate the findings of the heterogeneous qualitative research on the factors influencing the sexual identity formation process of lesbian, gay, and bisexual groups in Korea. The integrative investigation of the universal or unique factors affecting the identity formation of sexual minority is important to understand their internal experiences and support their psychological adaptation. Using a qualitative meta-summary, this study systematically identified and abbriviated the psychological and social factors that promote or impede the sexual identity acceptance and integration of LGB individuals. First, a total of 9 studies which were published in Korea up to 2021 were identified through the research database. The included studies were critically evaluated by using the Critical Appraisal Screening Programme tool. A total of 179 statements were extracted from the findings of each study and 34 abstracted statements were generated. The 34 abstracted statements were categorized into four groups, psychological factors that promote or impede sexual identity formation and social factors that promote or impede it. These four main categories and corresponding factors in each category were explained. The implications and limitations were also discussed.

• Journal of Korean Library and Information Science Society
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• v.51 no.4
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• pp.101-119
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• 2020

The study aims to understand major topics and concerns of gender identity-related questions expressed by the users of the NAVER social Q&A site. To achieve this goal, we analyzed 2,120 questions created from 2010 to 2018 using natural language- and information retrieval-based methods. Results indicated that the major topics discussed by the users include interpersonal relationships, doubts about gender identity, sexual orientation, feelings and relationships, and concerns about gender identity. In addition, users mainly expressed concerns regarding general issues of gender identity; sexual orientation; negative cognition about gender identity; confession, coming-out, homosexuality; future, heterosexual relationships, military enlistment; and causes of gender identity confusion. The present study effectively derives information needs from real-world concerns about sexual identity by employing topic modeling techniques, and by comparing the advantages of exact match and tf-idf-based information retrieval methods extends methodology of Library and Information Science. Further, it has contributed to the academic maturity of the study of information behavior by observing the information needs or information-seeking behaviors of online community users with specific interests.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.349-356
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• 2015

This study tries to examine the effect of parents' neglect on adolescents' sexual-materials addiction, and prove the mediating effect of self-identity between the two variables in the times of convergence. For the study, the data(n=2,157) from the Korean Children and Youth Panel Survey were analyzed by utilizing the path analysis. The results are as follows: First, parents' neglect influenced negatively adolescents' self-identity. Second, parents' neglect had a positive effect on adolescents' sexual-materials addiction. Third, parents' neglect directly influenced adolescents' sexual-materials addiction and its' effect was indirectly mediated by the subject's self-identity.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.124-136
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• 2002

This objective study were to classify the contents of makeup behavior, to investigate the relationship between makeup behavior and sex role identity, and to examine how the makeup behavior, makeup satisfaction was influenced by sex role identity and demographics. To achieve this, the researchers surveyed 162 women for the ages of 18 through 25. The result of this study are followed. 1) Four factor of makeup behavior were sexual attractiveness, aesthetic, psychological dependence and makeup interest. 2) There were significant positive relationship between makeup behavior and sex role identity. 3) Sexual attractiveness were influenced by femininity, income. The explanatory power of the 2 variables were 8.5%. Aesthetic were influenced by masculinity. The explanatory power of the 1 variable was 9.2%. Psychological dependence were influenced by femininity. The explanatory power of the 1 variable was 8.2%. Makeup interest were influenced by masculinity, age. The explanatory power of the 2 variables were 9.0%. 4 Makeup satisfaction were influenced by sexual attractiveness, aesthetic. The explanatory power of the 2 variables were 22.1%.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.60-75
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• 2002

The purpose of this research is to understand the gender identity expressed in Madonna music video texts and performances. Madonna has reconstructed the fluid identities through the variations of body, images, costumes, and attitudes . The results are as fellows; ① Her punky sexuality is to be seen the flash trash look, kitsch fashion, which reconstructs a good/bad taste, modesty/immodesty, the relations of under/outer wear using bawdy sexuality through her early Virgin tour. ② Her Heterosexuality is to be seen the glamourous look, traditional images of women, which represents the passive feminity of patriarch. ③ Her sadomasochism sexuality is to be seen the bondage look of dominatrix image, which deconstructs sexual taboos; represents sexual power. ④ Her bisexuality is to be seen androgynous look, the 3rd species look using masculinity/feminity signifier, which deconstructs the stereotypes of gender roles. ⑤ Her homosexuality is to be seen the fetish fashion by drag and lesbian, which deconstructs the dichotomy of normality/perversion; opens a possibility of women subjectivity of sexual desires.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.62 no.6
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• pp.1-18
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• 2012

This study explores the clothing behavior of homosexual men for identity creation. Since homosexuality has been viewed in terms of immoral, medical or social problems, gay males have made efforts to construct presentational styles in order to hide or reveal their sexual identities. Kate Schofield and Ruth A. Schmidt found that there were three different layers of individual gay identity construction expressed in clothing: shared gay identity, tribal identity, and situational identity. Using their framework, 630 gay men's outfits found in the U.S drama 'Queer as folk' were analyzed, which dealt with the lives of a group of gay men living in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. Findings point that gay males use their clothing effectively to express their sexual identity. Firstly, they use certain fashion items as the signifier of homosexuality on a gay community level. They use their clothing to attract the sexual partners. On tribal identity level, diverse and fragmented styles could be shown besides the effeminate style. Homosexual men's clothing can be classified into the following four dominate styles: the drag look, the macho look, the androgynous look and conventional look. Findings also indicate that gay males make different clothing choices for different situations in order to blend into the heterosexual or homosexual society.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.231-238
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• 2005

Objectives : This study was done to figure out the incidence of Korean adolescents with gender identity problem and homosexual tendency. Self esteem and sexual liberality were also checked to evaluate the relation with these problems. Method : Subjects were 1,748 adolescents (359 middle school boys, 452 middle school girls, 483 high school boys, and 454 high school girls). DSM-IV-TR gender identity disorder criteria, Kinsey's sexual orientation scale, Hudson's short form sexual liberality scale, and Halter's Self-perception profile for children were applied to them. Result : 1) $15\%$ of the middle school boys, $16.7\%$ of the high school boys, $39.4\%$ of the middle school girls, and $40.5\%$ high school girls showed gender identity problem. Incidence of mild problem was more frequent in girls, however severe problem that suggested gender identity disorder was more frequent in boys, especially in high school boys. 2) Gender identity problem group showed lower self esteem than no problem group, especially in the middle school boys (p=0.033) and high school girls (p=0.020). 3) $17\%$ of the middle school boys, $5.4\%$ of the high school boys, $17.7\%$ of the middle school girls, and $12\%$ of the high school girls showed homosexual tendency. The order of more vivid homosexual orientation incidence was as follows ; $3.3\%$ in the middle school girls, $3.1\%$ in the middle school boys, $2.1\%$ in the high school girls, and $1.7\%$ in the high school boys. 4) There was no difference in the score of sexual liberality according to homosexual tendency. In high school girl, self esteem score was lower in homosexual tendency group than that of heterosexual group (p=0.039). 5) Gender identity problem group showed higher incidence of homosexual tendency than that of gender identity formation group (p=0.001). 6) The incidence of sexual identity problem was not changed by age, but homosexual tendency was decreased with age, especially in boys. Conclusion : Adolescents with gender identity problem or homosexual tendency showed low self esteem. Therefore, more attention on systemic evaluation for early detection in school based mental health and psychiatric management for them are needed.

• Korean Journal of Psychosomatic Medicine
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.97-103
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• 1998

A dolescence can be defined as the period between pubescence and physical maturity, and the passage through adolescence(age of 12-19) forms a critical period. Major developmental tasks of adolescence are construction of an emancipated identity, realistic ambitions, and reasonable ideals, and the further development of sexual and social identities. In early adolescence one struggles to adjust psychologically to the spurt in growth and tensions filled with sexual and aggressive impulses. There are reshuffling of peer groups due to differing rates of maturation, early adolescence crushes, sublimation of sexuality, and the resurgence of oedipal feelings. One reaches so-called period of formal operations in cognitive development. In mid-adolescence one struggles to overcome family attachments and controls, and it is a time marked by revolt and conformity. One has to overcome sexual repression while caught in reactivation of oedipal attachment. Peer groups gains in importance, and the peer group changes into a youth group that carries the youth culture. Late adolescence is a period of achieving an ego identity and capacities for intimacy. One has to prevent premature closure : Identity foreclosure limits both opportunity and the ability to guide one's own life. Gradually adolescent begins to have a loss self-centered and narcissistic orientation to one's sexual and affectional needs, and becomes involved in love relationship.

• Journal of English Language & Literature
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• v.56 no.6
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• pp.1281-1294
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• 2010

In Written on the Body, by creating the narrator's ungendered and unsexed identity, Winterson makes her text open to the reader's assumption of the narrator's sexual and gender identity. Thus, this novel has been read, on the one hand, as a lesbian text by those who assume that the narrator is a female and, on the other hand, as a suspicious text colluding with patriarchal and heterosexual values by those who define the narrator as a male. Those readings of the narrator as one of either sex/gender, however, demonstrate how (academic as well as general) readers have been accustomed to the gender-based reading habits in which textual meanings are dichotomously arranged along the lines of sex and gender of characters. Challenging those dualistic "gendered" readings, this paper reads Winterson's Written on the Body as a queer text which interrogates, troubles, and subverts the heterosexual concepts of narrative, desire, and body without reducing the narrator's identity to the essentialist sex and gender system. More specifically, this paper examines how the narrator's 'un-/over-' determined sexual and gender identity queers the narrative structure of author-character-reader; how the narrator's queer (fluid) desire is passing and traveling across categorical contours of (homo-/hetero-) sexual desires; how Winterson challenges the concept of a coherent body and queers the concept of body as a hermeneutic text with myriad textual grids which are not coherently mapped by power but randomly inscribed by nomadic desires.