• Journal of The Geomorphological Association of Korea
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.89-112
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• 2020

The purpose of this study is as follows: First, we restore the optimal topographical environment of the Bronze Age settlements in the Yongdu Stream and its surrounding area in Asan City. Second, we reveal the relative importance of the topographical factors that the Bronze Age people considered when selecting their dwelling locations. We compared and analyzed topographical factors (ridge scale, ridge direction, slope direction of the ridge, micro-landform of the ridge, position of the ridge) from the ridge's environmental perspective of 123 Bronze Age dwellings (hereinafter referred to as dwellings) found in the survey area for that purpose. The results are as follows: First, from a macro perspective, the optimal topographical environment for the location of the Bronze Age settlement is the second ridge that have the E-W direction. And from a micro perspective, it is the southeast direction slope of the Crest slope at the summit. Second, it appears that the Bronze Age people have taken important consideration in determining the location of their dwelling in the following order: ① position (eg. summit), ② micro-landform (eg. Crest slope, Upper slope), ③ slope direction (eg. southward, South, Southeast), ④ scale (eg. sub-ridge, secondary, tertiary), ⑤ direction (eg. E-W, NNE-SSE).

• Proceedings of the KSR Conference
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• 2000.05a
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• pp.385-391
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• 2000

Velocity method was supposed by Parkin et al.(1985) in order to supplement previous log t and (equation omitted) method. This study was to present the method for estimating the horizontal coefficient of consolidation by using velocity method which was based on the Barren's equation. Velocity method throughly eliminated not only settlement curve which had shape with difficulty in evaluating coefficient of consolidation but also the effect of unknown intial compression, the secondary consolidation and occurrence of unknown point by using velocity instead of settlement. The purpose of this study is to investigate its application in field. Velocity method was used in obtaining horizontal coefficient of consolidation in Kyung-gi area. Horizontal coefficient of consolidation using velocity method was calculated and compared with log t method, √t method Magnan & Deroy's method, Bergado's method.

• Proceedings of the Korean Geotechical Society Conference
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• 2001.11a
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• pp.96-109
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• 2001

Land was reclaimed at the waterfront in the Pluit area of Jakarta for a 90ha residential-cum-recreational development. The reclamation works involve construction of permanent and temporary dykes, fill placement, soil improvement, dredging of internal canals and marina, and construction of canal revetment. The site lies on 16m to 18m thick soft seabed deposits. Settlement of the reclaimed areas will result as a consequence of consolidation of the soft underlying sediments. In order to reduce post-construction settlement to within acceptable levels, a system of vertical drains and preloading was adopted. This paper describes the use of Fibredrain, a prefabricated vertical drain made of jute and coir fibres developed at the National University of Singapore, in the soil improvement works and a secondary use in the construction of perimeter dykes for the reclamation works. The construction of the perimeter dyke must be carried out in such a way that slope stability is on ensured. Bamboo rafts and bamboo clusters with Fibredrain inserted, and stage construction were employed to improve stability during the dyke formation for the Pantai Mutiara project.

• Journal of the Korean GEO-environmental Society
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• v.14 no.9
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• pp.57-65
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• 2013

Carbonate sands can be crushed under low confining pressure to achieve high compressibility. So particle crushing has significant influence on characteristics of strength and deformation. Trial embankment and hydrotest are conducted on Sabkha layer, consisting of carbonate sand to build tank structure. In this paper the settlement behavior was analyzed from each test. Particle crushing happened from 80 to 170kPa stress under compression test, and calcium was detected from chemical test. The test result came out Sabkha soil was very weak and easy to be crushing. About trial embankment test, particle crushing was not happen, and then extinction of pore water pressure and settlements were finished just during 2 days. On the other hand, the long-term settlement was happened in hydrotest. So the two test results did not correspond to each other. If loading stress is higher than yielding stress, instant settlement and secondary compression settlement are happened as a result of the particle crushing.

• Geotechnical Engineering
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.167-180
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• 1994

A series of long term consolidation tests were conducted under loading -unloading and loading(pc) -unloading(p.) -reloading(p,) conditions using reconstituted clay in order to investigate the effect of stress history on secondary consolidation characteristics and the applicability of the secondary consolidation model suggested by Bjerrum to overconsolidated clays. According to the test results, the secondary compression settlement affected by the stress history in the first half of experimental period and the coefficient of secondary compression, C‥‥ is dependent on overconsolidation ratio, OCR(p,1 p.), maBium OCR (p./p.), and unloading duration time. Moreover the coefficient of secondary consolidation in the latter half of experimental period Cn is mainly affected by OCR and it gradually reduces with OCR increment. Finally the comparison of the experimental results with the Bjerrum model indicates that the Bjerrum model can be applied beyond certain range of stress history in the overconsolidated clay.

• Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
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• v.26 no.9
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• pp.25-35
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• 2010

Settlement at reclamation area caused by secondary compression should be considered using spatial evaluating method because the thickness of consolidation layer varies at every location. Probabilistic method can be implemented to evaluate uncertainty of spatial distribution of secondary compression. This study spatially evaluated mean and standard deviation of secondary compression in the overall analyzing region using spatial distribution of consolidation thickness estimated by ordinary kriging method and statistical values of soil properties. And then, the area where secondary compression exceeds a design criterion at the specific time was evaluated using probabilistic method. It was observed that the area exceeding the design criterion increased as the variability of $C_{\alpha}/(1+e_o)$ increased or the probabilistic design criterion 0: decreased. It is considered that the probabilistic method can be used for the geotechnical design of soft ground when a probabilistic design criterion is established in the specification.

• Proceedings of the Korean Geotechical Society Conference
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• 2010.09a
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• pp.1008-1014
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• 2010

When the industrial complex creation and the structures are constructed on the soft clayey ground, the long-term consolidation settlement greatly becomes a problem. In the present study, long-term consolidation tests to examine the change in the coefficient of secondary consolidation by the influence of the initial consolidation load and the influence of the consolidation load increment ratio($\Delta_p/_{p_0}$) in the normally consolidated state with an improved standard oedometer tester were examined. In addition, the finite difference method was executed by using one dimensional Elasto-Viscous model proposed by Yoshikuni et. al. From the result of the numerical analysis of the comparison laboratory tests, the applicability of the Elasto-Viscous model was verified from the agreement of the secondary consolidation process.

• Journal of Ocean Engineering and Technology
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• v.25 no.6
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• pp.110-115
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• 2011

Numerouslong-term consolidation and secondary compression settlements may occur in Busan clay, which is astructured soft clay and consists of a thick clay deposit. As a surcharge load is applied to soils, soils experience different stress paths with depth. Therefore, it is necessary to study the long-term consolidation behavior of Busan clay considering stress conditions such as OC or NC states. In this study, a series of long-term consolidation tests were performed to investigate the consolidation characteristics of Busan clay for 20 days. The undisturbed clay samples were taken from 3 sites located in the Nakdong River estuary. The results showed that the creep rate of the Busan clay gradually decreased with time, which indicated that the secondary compression settlement decreased with time. In addition, the experimental results for 3 samples showed that the ratios were about 0.0363 and 0.051, respectively.

• Computational Structural Engineering
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.199-207
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• 1996

In the past decade soft clay shield tunneling technology have been improved to permit continuous support to the face of a tunnel. These advanced shield can be operated such that an initial heaving is created, this helps to decrease the inward soil movement into the tail void. In this paper, the measurement of slurry shield and EPB shield were used and two dimensional elasto-plastic programs EPSHILD developed for shield tunnel analysis were approved. The excavation steps corresponding with construction stages were settled and heaving load, load factors were considered. This study is based on the instantaneous settlement which is occured in the process of shield construction but not the secondary settlement by consolidation.

• Journal of the Korean Geosynthetics Society
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.35-40
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• 2009

In this paper, a series of laboratory chamber tests was carried out to evaluate promoting consolidation of a porous concrete pile fabricated with recycled aggregates (RAPP) method for soft ground improvement. Performing the laboratory chamber tests for the RAPP, characteristics of the surface settlement with time and the consolidation time were compared with those of SCP and GCP provided by You (2009) under the same experimental condition. In addition, the experimental results were compared with the numerical analysis in this study. As a test result, the effects for settlement reduction in both the primary and the secondary consolidation and promoting consolidation by RAPP were prominent comparatively.