• 한국연소학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국연소학회 2012년도 제44회 KOSCO SYMPOSIUM 초록집
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• pp.43-46
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• 2012

The oxygen concentration of primary oxidizer is decided under 10% due to flammable risk. It can be a spontaneous combustion inside burner or tube if the excess oxygen is added to primary oxidizer in Oxy-PC burner. In this case, the rest oxygen which can not be injected to primary oxidizer should be injected to another port. If added it to a second oxidizer, the ignition is unstable at outlet of burner. Accordingly an extra lancing port is needed to insert into the burner unlike other common air mode. And the flame formation and combustion characteristic differ from lancing port position. Therefore we observed flame formation which has stable combustion characteristic according to the shape and position of lancing port.

• 대한소아치과학회지
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.7-11
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• 1976

The author measured the degree of development and the eruption pattern of first permanent molars with orthopantomography in 553 Korean children(male; 302, female; 251) from 4 to 9 years old. The orthopantomographs were obtained from dept. of pedodontics, college of dentistry, Seoul National University. The results of the studies were as follows: 1. Upper first permanent molars were erupted with distal inclination of about 30 degrees in the early stage and they gradually moved in the mesial direction by bodily movement of the tooth to be in contact with the disto-proximal surface of primary secondary molars in the late stage. 2. Lower first permanent molars were erupted with mesial inclination in the early stage and moved mesially by tipping movement of the tooth to be in contact with the disto proximal surface of the second primary molars in the late stage. 3. The eruptive forces were considered to be main etiologic factors of space closure after the premature loss of primary molars.

• 대한한의학회지
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.100-108
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• 1998

We treated 1 case of primary infertility woman. She had three clinical problems. The first was endometrosis stage II, the second was tubar obstruction and the third was chronic persistent hepatitis B. Eometrosis and tubar obstruction are similar to 'blood stagnation'. And another clinical symptoms could be considered with 'asthenia of spleen and stagnation of wetness-evil'. So our prescriptions for this case were Heylbudu.Jcgeu-Tang and Samchulgunbi-Tang. And the prescription of acupuncture therapy was consist with Sp. 6, Ren. 4, Jagung, P. 6, and St. 36. So we got a successful result from above therapies. But we have to take continued follow-up plans for endometriosis and chronic persistent hepatits B.

• 수산해양교육연구
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.75-91
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• 2011

The purposes of this study were to compare and analyze the local primary textbooks for the subject of 'We are the First Graders'. This study analyzed the common points and the differences among three textbooks developed by the three educational bureaus of Seoul, Daegu and Busan. The criterion of analysis were scope, sequence and integration of curriculum representing the principles for developing curriculum. The results were as follows: First, the scopes of topics included in 2007 National Curriculum of 'We are the First Graders' were faithfully reflected in the three local textbooks. Second, the sequences of textbooks were generally arranged according to the order of curriculum content except for some contents. As for 'Wise School Life', some contents were presented at the first unit of the three textbooks and the others were gradually expanded at the latter of the textbooks. Third, the integration of curriculum appeared meaningfully in the three textbooks. Based on these results, this study suggested some recommendations on the activites for the adaptation at the early stage in the primary school under 2009 National Curriculum.

• 대한소아치과학회지
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• 제43권3호
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• pp.284-291
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• 2016

본 연구는 이소맹출한 상악 제1대구치의 자율적 수정 가능성을 예측할 수 있는 진단적 기초를 제공하기 위하여 정상군과 가역성과 비가역성 이소맹출의 차이점을 비교 평가하고자 후향적으로 분석하였다. 상악 제1대구치와 인접치아 간의 장축과 교합평면간의 각도를 파노라마상에서 측정하였고, 제2유구치의 교합관계도 조사하였다. 이소맹출군과 정상군은 통계학적으로 유의한 차이를 보였지만(p < 0.05), 가역성과 비가역성 이소맹출군 간에는 통계학적으로 유의한 차이는 없었다(p > 0.05). 제2유구치와 제1대구치 그리고 제2대구치 치배 간의 각도는 정상군에 비해 이소맹출 군에서 작은 값을 보였으며, 근심 계단형이 이소맹출군에서 더 높은 빈도로 관찰되었다. 본 연구의 결과를 토대로 상악 제1대구치의 이소맹출은 상악 제1대구치와 제2대구치 치배의 각도와 관련이 있으며, 이소맹출한 상악 제1대구치는 상악 저성장의 3급 부정교합 환자에서 보다 빈번하게 나타나는 경향이 있는 것을 알 수 있었다.

• 대한소아치과학회지
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• 제35권1호
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• pp.92-101
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• 2008

본 연구는 전남 해안지역에 거주하는 유치열기 아동의 치아 우식 발생 양상과 빈도 및 유구치 교합관계를 조사하였다. 이를 위해 전라남도 해안지역에 소재하는 유치원 및 어린이집의 만 3-5세 순수 유치열기 아동 2272명을 대상으로 각 치아 및 치면별 우식 발생 양상과 교합 관계를 조사한 결과 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 1. 유치우식경험자율(dmf rate)은 3세에서 66.8%, 4세에서 77.7%였으며 5세에서 83.5%로 나타났으며 남녀간에 유의한 차이가 없었다(p>0.05). 2. 우식경험유치지수(dmft index)는 3세에서 3.62개, 4세에서 4.73개이었으며, 5세에서 5.96개로 나타났으며 남녀간에 유의한 차이가 없었다(p>0.05). 3. 우식의 발생 빈도가 가장 높은 유치는 하악 제2유구치로 3세 39.48%, 4세 49.73%, 5세 63.85%로 나타났다. 4. 전체 연령을 대상으로 보았을 때 우식 경험률은 하악 제2유구치 52.34%, 하악 제1유구치 45.61%, 상악 제2유구치 38.81%, 상악 유중절치 38.36%, 상악 제1유구치 30.04%순으로 높은 빈도를 보여주고 있다. 5. 유구치 교합관계에 있어 좌우 양측이 Class 1 pattern인 경우가 53.26%를 차지하였으며, Class 2 pattern인 경우가 1.41%, Class 3 pattern인 경우 30.02%로 나타났으며 우측이 Class 2 pattern이고 좌측이 Class 3 pattern은 없었다.

• 대한지구과학교육학회지
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.133-143
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• 2014

The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of scientific discussion classes focusing problem finding on the primary school students' scientific creative problem solving ability, science process skills and attitude toward science class. To verify this research problem, the subject of this study was fifth-grade students selected from four classes of M elementary school located in Busan city. For four months, the experimental group of 51 students was taught using the "scientific discussion classes focusing problem finding". The control group also of 53 students was taught in normal classes which used a text-book. All students were given pre and post test to verify the effects of scientific discussion classes focusing problem finding on the primary school students' scientific creative problem solving ability, science process skills and attitude toward science class. The results from this study are as the following. First, the scientific discussion classes focusing problem finding were effective in scientific creative problem solving ability among the primary school students. It is possibly because in the process where one student compare his/her own thoughts with the others' ones and discuss them. Second, the scientific discussion classes focusing problem finding were effective in science process skills among the primary school students. Third, the scientific discussion classes focusing problem finding were effective in attitude toward science class. In conclusion, the scientific discussion classes focusing problem finding had positive effects on improvement of primary school students' scientific creative problem solving ability, science process skills and also could lead to a change in students' cognition about science class to a positive way. Therefore, the scientific discussion class focusing problem finding is hopefully to be provided as an effective instructive strategy of science class in school in the future.

• 대한한방체열의학회지
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.29-38
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• 2005

Purpose: We intended to observe the relations between Chiljehyangbuhwan and abdominal temperature according to primary dysmenorrhea severity. Methods: We selected the 100 primary dysmenorrhea patients by the screening tests (first screening test-inquiry, second screening test-clinical test, additionally WHR (Waist-to-Hip ratio) by Inbody 2.0). By the fixed blocked randomization and double blind method, Chiljehyangbuhwan or placebo was administered for 1 menstration period. Finally, 69 patients remainded. Before and after administration, we measured 4 points abdominal temperature (Chon-jung(CV17), Chung-wan(CV12), Kwan-won(CV4), Chung-guk(CV3)) by DITI (DOREX Inc., USA). And then we checked the difference of temperature $({\Delta}T)$ between CV17 and CV12 / CV17 and CV4 / CV17 and CV3 / CV12 and CV4 / CV12 and CV3. After that, we compared ${\Delta}T$ with primary dysmenorrhea severity evaluated by VRS (verbal rating scale) and MVRS (multidimensional verbal rating scale). In dysmenorrhea severity, we standardized scale score and 3-group-severity by score (mild, moderate, severe). For statistics, we used Pearson correlations and Spearman's rho correlations, SPSS 11.0 for windows. Results: In case of MVRS, Chiljehyangbuhwan was correlated to ${\Delta}T$ (CV12 and CV3 / CV12 and CV4). In case of VRS, Chiljehyangbuhwan was not correlated to ${\Delta}T$. Statistically they showed significant result (p<0.05). Conclusion: The primary dysmenorrhea patients showed that severity by MVRS was connected with ${\Delta}T$ (CV12 and CV3 / CV12 and CV4) after Chiljehyangbuhwan administration. So we can consider Chiljehyangbuhwan effects the abdominal temperature according primary dysmenorrhea severity.

• 한국임상약학회지
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.166-170
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• 2015

Background: Primary warm autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA) is a relatively rare hematologic disorder resulting from autoantibody production against red blood cells. There has been very few studies about primary warm AIHA in South Korea because of its low incidence. We retrospectively analyzed the treatment outcome of primary warm AIHA. Method: We reviewed retrospectively the medical records of 9 primary warm AIHA patients from December 2002 to January 2015. We analyzed the causes and clinical characteristics of primary warm AIHA patients. We retrospectively analyzed the clinical data in electronic medical records for 9 Korean patients with AIHA patients who were diagnosed during the period from December 2002 to January 2015 at the Regional University Hospital in Korea. The study protocol was approved by the Institutional Review Board (IRB #2015-08-007, Chosun University Hospital IRB). Results: The mean age was 52 years (range 27~78), the mean hemoglobin level was 5.0 g/dL (range 2.5~6.4 g/dL). All patients received steroids at therapeutic dosages (corticosteroid 1 mg/Kg) as first line treatment. Eight of them showed complete response (5/8, 62.5%) and partial response (3/8, 37.5%), one patient required second-line treatment with rituximab. Two patients who responded first line treatment were relapsed at 86 weeks and 24 weeks after response, respectively. Only one patient of them was retreated with corticosteroid because of anemic symptoms. Conclusion: This study indicates that oral corticosteroid is an effective therapy for primary warm AIHA.

• Journal of Gastric Cancer
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.154-161
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• 2017

Purpose: This study aimed to investigate the correlation between multiple early gastric cancer (MEGC) and multiple primary malignancies during the follow-up of patients with gastrectomy. Materials and Methods: The number of primary tumors detected in other organs after gastrectomy for early gastric cancer (EGC) has been increasing because of improved survival and surveillance programs. A total of 3,129 patients underwent radical gastrectomy for treatment of EGC at Samsung Medical Center from January 2000 to December 2005. Of these, 3,057 patients were selected and their medical records were retrospectively analyzed. Results: Among the 3,057 patients, 148 (4.8%) had MEGC, 84.5% were male, 57.4% were over 60 years old, 42.6% had a macroscopic type EGC IIb main lesion, and 68.9% had well-differentiated tumors with a significantly high incidence of MEGC. There were no differences between patients with solitary early gastric cancer (SEGC) and those with MEGC with regard to overall survival or recurrence-free survival, but MEGC was an independent risk factor for metachronous primary malignancies in other organs (P=0.004, hazard ratio [HR]=2.444). Conclusions: MEGC is not a risk factor for poor prognosis after curative gastrectomy, but it is a risk factor for metachronous primary malignancies in other organs during postoperative follow-up; therefore, careful surveillance is needed.