• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.23-32
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• 1995

This study was performed to investigate the influence of dietary fibers from the whole foods on the serum lipid level and bowel function in rats. The fiber sources of experimental diets were prepared by drying and milling of cereal(rice bran), vegetables(Korean cabbage, radish), fruit(apple), and sea weeds(laver, sea tangle). Each of fiber sources was mixed into the diet to make the 5% level of total dietary fiber. Male rats of Sprague-Dawley strain were blocked into 8 groups : FF, CC, CE, V1, V2, ER, S1, and S2. The animals were fed ad libitum each of experimental diets for 4 weeks. Serum triglyceride level was not significantly different among groups. The laver group showed the lowest level in the serum total cholesterol. The Korean cabbage group showed the highest level in the serum HDL cholesterol. The longest transit time was observed in the fiber free group and the shortest transit time was observed in the sea tangle group. Absorption rates of calcium were especially lower in the Korean cabbage and the sea tangle groups than the other groups. Magnesium and phosphorus absorption rates were influenced by SDF(Soluble Dietary Fiber) intake and TDF(Total Dietary Fiber) intake, respectively. Mucosa weight in the small intestine showed the tendency to increase by increasing of IDF (Insoluble Dietary Fiber) intake. especially the Korean cabbage group was the heaviest. The activity of maltase in the mucosa of small intestine was the lowest in the radish group.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.203-208
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• 2009

A factorial feeding trial of different levels of three carbohydrate sources (wheat flour, $\alpha$-potato starch, and sodium alginate) was conducted to determine proper sources and levels of dietary carbohydrate for juvenile sea cucumbers. Three replicate groups of juvenile sea cucumbers (770 mg average weight) were fed the experimental diets once a day for 10 weeks. After feeding trial, survival of sea cucumbers was not significantly different between diets. The body weight of sea cucumbers was significantly (P<0.01) affected by both source and level of dietary carbohydrate, tending to decrease as dietary carbohydrate level increased. Body weight of sea cucumbers fed a 25% wheat flour diet was the highest but was not significantly different from that of sea cucumbers fed diet containing 10% wheat flour with 15% sodium alginate (P>0.05). No significant differences were observed in contents of moisture, crude protein, crude lipid and ash of sea cucumbers among dietary treatments. These results suggest that sea cucumbers utilize wheat flour and sodium alginate more efficiently than they do $\alpha$-potato starch, and that a formulated diet containing 43-60% carbohydrate may be suitable for juvenile sea cucumber culture.

• 한국측량학회지
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.35-41
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• 1993

평균해면은 육지표고의 기준면으로, 지역적인 평균해면차는 측지수준망 설정에 중대한 영향을 미친다. 측지학자와 해양학자들은 동서방향의 평균해면차에 대해서는 견해를 같이 하면서도, 남북방향의 평균해면차에 대해서는 서로 상반되는 견해를 보여왔을 뿐만 아니라, 그 불일치의 원인이 서로 상대방의 수준측량방법에 내재된 정오차에 있다고 주장해 왔다. 해면경사는 각 지역 검조소의 평균해면으로부터 구한 TBM의 높이와 측지수준망에 의해 정해진 그 점의 높이의 차로부터 산정된다. 인천항의 평균해면을 기준으로 하여, 주요 항만에 위치한 검조소의 평균해면과 우리나라 1등 수준망으로부터 연장한 표고차로부터 우리나라 연안의 해면경사를 산정하였다. 본 연구의 결과, 우리나라 연안은 남북방향으로 위도당 5.5cm 북향상승하는 해면경사를 보였고, 동일 위도상에서 동해안이 황해안보다 약 5cm 정도 높은 해면고를 나타내었다. 이런 결과는 잠정적인 것으로, 앞으로 해양 및 기상의 영향이 소거된 엄밀한 의미의 평균해면이 산정된다면, 보다 확실한 해면경사를 추정할 수 있을 것이다.

• 한국정보통신학회논문지
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.276-283
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• 2018

기후변화 등으로 해안 침수 등의 피해가 증가하고 있으며, 이러한 피해를 줄이기 위해 해양을 지속적으로 모니터링하기 위한 연구들이 진행되고 있다. 본 논문에서는 해수면의 변화를 모니터링하고 위험한 상황을 경보하는 해양모니터링 시스템에 적용할 수 있는 조위 예측 모델을 제안한다. 기존의 조위 예측 모델은 장기적인 예보를 위한 것으로 많은 데이터와 복잡한 알고리즘이 필요하기 때문에 실시간 시스템에는 적절하지 않다. 반면, 제안하는 알고리즘은 조위 센서에 의해 측정된 데이터를 이용하여 실시간으로 조위를 예측하는 방법으로 간단하지만 정확하게 한 시간 또는 두 시간의 비교적 짧은 시간 후의 조위를 예측한다. 제안하는 방법은 조석의 조화분석을 위해 칼만필터 알고리즘을 사용하고 추가적인 오류 보정을 위해 이중 지수 평활법을 사용한다. 실험 결과는 제안하는 알고리즘이 간단하지만 정확하게 조위를 예측하는 것을 보여준다.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제42권4호
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• pp.344-348
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• 2009

This study was conducted to investigate effects of dietary lipid level on growth and body composition of juvenile red sea bream in low temperatures. Duplicate groups of fish (initial body weight of 79 g) were fed one of three isonitronic diets (47% crude protein) containing different lipid levels (10%, 17% and 22%) for 25 weeks during the winter season. Weight gain and survival of fish fed 17% lipid diet were significantly (P<0.05) higher than those fish fed the 10% or 22% lipid diet. Protein efficiency ratio, daily feed intake, condition factor, hepatosomatic index and viscerasomatic index were not affected by dietary lipid level, but feed efficiency of fish fed 10% lipid diet was significantly (P<0.05) lower than those fish fed the 17% or 22% lipid diet. Proximate composition of the whole body, liver, viscera and dorsal muscle were not significantly different among all groups except for crude protein content of dorsal muscle. The contents of 16:0, 18:0, 20:4n-3 and 20:5n-3 of the whole body were significantly (P<0.05) affected by dietary lipid level. The results of this study suggest that an increased dietary lipid level from 10% to 17% can improve growth of juvenile red sea bream in low temperature periods.

• 한국항해항만학회지
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• 제37권4호
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• pp.409-418
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• 2013

기후변화로 인한 해수면 상승이 우리나라 연안에 장기적으로 큰 영향을 줄 것으로 예측되어 다양한 방법을 사용하여 연안에 대한 해수면 상승의 취약성 평가가 이루어지고 있다. 본 연구에서는 사면이 바다와 접해 해수에 의한 침수가 빈번하여 향후 해수면 상승에 의한 피해가 클 것으로 예상되는 부산의 영도 해안을 대상으로 해수면 상승이 해안에 미치는 영향을 알아보고 그 대책을 마련하였다. 먼저 잠재적 해수면 상승률을 바탕으로 CAD를 이용한 해수면 상승 시뮬레이션을 실시하였으며 다음으로 시뮬레이션결과를 바탕으로 침수범위와 재해위험 지역을 종합적으로 고려하여 피해 예상지역을 추출하였고 최종적으로 침수특성에 따라 지구별로 세분하여 해당 지구에 적합한 대응전략을 수립하였다.

• 한국해안·해양공학회논문집
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.42-48
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• 2008

신뢰성 해석을 이용하여 해수면 상승에 따른 경사식 해안 구조물의 안정성 및 기능성을 정량적으로 평가할 수 있는 위험도 평가 시스템을 개발하였다. 안정성 평가를 위한 피복재의 해석에서는 피복재의 대표입경과 제체의 경사, 기능성 평가를 위한 처오름의 해석에서는 제체의 경사와 마루높이를 변화시키면서 해수면 상승 전 후의 파괴확률이 정량적으로 산정 되었다. 위험도 평가 시스템을 임의의 단면에 적용하여 해수면 상승에 따라 안정성과 기능성이 얼마나 감소하는지를 정확히 판정할 수 있었다. 따라서 본 연구의 결과는 해수면 상승 후에도 전과 동일한 안정성 및 기능성을 회복하기 위해서 어떤 변수들을 보수 보강해야 하는지, 또한 새로운 구조물 설계 시 설계변수들을 얼마나 강화해야 하는지의 기초 지표로 이용될 수 있다.

• 한국해양학회지:바다
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• 제1권2호
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• pp.59-72
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• 1996

한반도 서해안 곰소만 조간대의 제 4기 층서는 최소한 2개의 부정합면을 경계로 하여 하부로부터 기반암, 선현세 산화대층(혹은 풍화토), 현세 조간대층의 순서로 배열된다. 선현세의 산화대층은 황갈색의 반고화된 이질 퇴적층으로서 식물 뿌리와 식물 조각들이 산재하고, 수평 및 수직 방향의 미세한 틈(crack)들이 존재하며, 해양성 패각과 미고생물 화석은 전혀 존재하지 않는다. 이 산화대층은 12,000년 B.P.이전의 아빙기(stadial) 시기에 해안 육지의 지형적 저지(소분지)에서 퇴적된 것으로 추정된다. 현세의 조간대층은 하부의 이질 퇴적상(상부 조간대층) 과 상부의 사질 퇴적상(중부 및 하부 조간대층)으로 구성된 상향조립의 해침층 (transgressive succession)으로서 현세의 해수면 상승을 반영한다. 해수면 지시에 적합한 물질의 $^{14}$ C-연령과 심도(depth)의 상관관계에 기초하여 현세의 해수 면 변화를 추적한 결과, 한반도 서해의 해수면(relative sea-level 혹은 local sea- level)은 현재의 평균 해수면을 기준으로 7,000년 B.P.에 6.5 m 아래, 4,000년 B.P. 에 3 m 아래, 그리고 2,000년 B.P.에는 2.5 m 아래에 위치하였고, 현세 동안 큰 범위의 상승 및 하강 변화를 보인 증거는 찾을 수 없었다.

• Ocean and Polar Research
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.503-518
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• 2003

This study examines the relationship among temperature, wind, and sea level pressure to understand recent warming in the vicinity of the Antarctic Peninsula. To do this, the surface air temperature, NCEP/NCAR reanalysis wind data and sea level pressure data for the period of 40 years are analyzed. The 40-year surface air temperature data in the Antarctic Peninsula reveals relatively the larger warming trends for autumn and winter than other seasons. The variability of the surface air temperature in this region is compared with that of the regional atmospheric circulation. The surface air temperature is positively correlated with frequency of northwesterlies and negatively correlated with frequency of southeasterlies. This relation is more evident in the northern tip of the Antarctic Peninsula for autumn and winter. The trend analysis of wind frequency in the study area shows increasing and decreasing trends in the frequency of northwesterlies and southeasterlies, respectively, in the northwestern part of the Weddell Sea for autumn and winter. And also it is found that these winds are closely related with decreasing of sea level pressure in the southeastern region of the Antarctic Peninsula. Furthermore from the seasonal variation of sea level pressure in this area, it may be presumed that decreasing of sea level pressure in the southeastern region of the Antarctic Peninsula is related with warming in the vicinity of the Antarctic Peninsula for autumn and winter. Therefore it can be explained that recent warming in the vicinity of the Antarctic Peninsula is caused by positive feedback mechanism, that is, the process that warming in the vicinity of the Antarctic Peninsula can lead to the decrease of sea level pressure in the southeastern region of the Antarctic Peninsula and these pressure decrease in turn lead to the variation of wind direction in northwestern part of Weddell Sea, again the variation of wind direction enhances the warming in the Antarctic Peninsula.

• 수산해양기술연구
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• 제51권3호
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• pp.461-473
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• 2015

Jinhae Bay located in the southern of Korean Peninsular is an important spawning area in Korea. By some preliminary studies it was measured several times that adult Pacific codes (Gadus microcephalus) were passed (swimming layer: 15 to 18 m) over a submerged sea tunnel (sea bottom: about 30 m) rather than another immigration route when the Pacific codes were tagged surgically with an acoustic transmitters and released inside of the Bay. There is a possibility that the Pacific codes and the other fishes use the route on the sea tunnel as an immigration route are affected by a human-generated underwater noise around the sea tunnel due to the sea tunnel traffic. On this study the 25-hour measurements of the underwater noise level by water layer were conducted with a hydrophone attached on a portable CTD and an underwater noise level meter during four seasons, and the acoustical characteristics of the underwater noise was analyzed. The mean traffic volume for one hour at the sea tunnel on the spring was shown the largest value of 1,408 [standard deviation (SD): 855] vehicles among four seasons measurement. The next one was ordered on the autumn [1,145 (SD: 764)], winter [947 (SD: 598)] and summer [931 (SD: 558)] vehicles. Small size vehicle was formed 84.3% of the traffic volume, and ultra-small size, medium size, large size and extra-large size of the vehicle were taken possession of 8.7%, 3.2%, 2.0% and 1.8%, respectively. On the daily change of the noise level in vertical during four seasons the noise level of 5 m-layer was shown the highest value of 121.2 (SD: 3.6) dB (re $1{\mu}Pa$), the next one was 10 m-layer [120.7 (SD: 3.5)], 2 m- and 15 m-layer [120.3 (SD: 3.5 to 3.7)] and 1 m-layer [119.2 (SD: 3.6)] dB (re $1{\mu}Pa$). In relation with the seasonal change of the noise level the average noise level measured during autumn was shown the highest value of 123.9 (SD: 2.6) dB (re $1{\mu}Pa$), the next was during summer [121.4 (SD: 3.2)], spring [118.0 (SD: 3.4)] and winter [116.5 (SD: 5.1)] dB (re $1{\mu}Pa$). In results of eigenray computation when the real bathymetry data (complicate shape of sea bed) was applied the average number of eigenray was 2.68 times (eigenrays: 11.03 rays) higher than those of model bathymetry (flat and slightly sloped sea bottom). When the real bathymetric data toward inside (water depth becomes shallow according to a distance between the source of noise and hydrophone) of the Bay was applied on the eigenrays calculation the number of the eigenray was 1.31 times (eigenrays: 12.49 rays) larger than the real bathymetric data toward outside (water depth becomes deep with respect to the distance). But when the model bathymetric data toward inside of the Bay was applied the number of the eigenray was 1.05 times (eigenrays: 4.21 rays) larger than the model bathymetric data toward outside.