• BMB Reports
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• v.35 no.5
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• pp.513-517
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• 2002

We describe a new method for identifying the sequences that signal the start of translation, and the boundaries between exons and introns (donor and acceptor sites) in human mRNA. According to the mandatory keyword, ORGANISM, and feature key, CDS, a large set of standard data for each signal site was extracted from the ASCII flat file, gbpri.seq, in the GenBank release 108.0. This was used to generate the scoring matrices, which summarize the sequence information for each signal site. The scoring matrices take into account the independent nucleotide frequencies between adjacent bases in each position within the signal site regions, and the relative weight on each nucleotide in proportion to their probabilities in the known signal sites. Using a scoring scheme that is based on the nucleotide scoring matrices, the method has great sensitivity and specificity when used to locate signals in uncharacterized human genomic DNA. These matrices are especially effective at distinguishing true and false sites.

• Knowledge Management Research
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.105-118
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• 2005

The future will see all industries become technology-driven in the competitive global market place. Firms with deep technological roots and innovation strategies have some advantages. Business valuation of technology is critical to the future of firm's business. In this situation widely used scoring valuation is not enough to evaluate relative business competitiveness associated with technology and to assign its relative ranking category. Therefore, a more useful and comprehensive new valuation approach, which is called business composite index, is needed to complement and to enhance the existing scoring valuation approach. In this research, statistical factor analysis is applied to determine the common factors and to estimate associated weights. And business composite index, which is a kind of weighted scoring method, is derived based on the results of factor analysis. This research shows that business composite index is considered very useful to measure the business relative strength of individual technology and also to assign its relative ranking category instead of absolute ranking based on scoring valuation approach.

• Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.95-105
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• 2009

Chemical Ranking and Scoring (CRS) system is a useful tool to screen priority chemicals of large body of substances. The relative ranking of chemicals based on CRS system has served as a decision-making support tools. Exposure potential and toxicity are significant parameters in CRS system, and there are differences in evaluating those parameters in each CRS system. In this study, the parameters of exposure potential, human toxicity, and ecotoxicity were extensively compared. In addition the scoring methods in each parameter were analyzed. The CRS systems considered in this study include the CHEMS-1 (Chemical Hazard Evaluation for Management Strategies), SCRAM (Scoring and Ranking Assessment Model), EURAM (European Union Risk Ranking Method), ARET (Accelerated Reduction/Elimination of Toxics), and CRS-Korea. An comparative analysis of the several CRS systems is presented based on their assessment parameters and scoring methods.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.150-165
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• 2008

Objective : An adequate measurement for Atopic Dermatitis(AD) is essential for studies about the treatment of AD. To establish a new and adequate scoring system for AD in Korean medicine, we reviewed existing studies on AD outcome measurement in Korean medicine. Method : We searched for reviews on measurements of AD or studies which used an AD outcome measurement at the Korean Traditional Knowledge Portal from 1995 to June, 2008. And then we reviewed the pattern identification in AD patients and the outcome measurements for AD in each study. Results : 1. Among 25 studies, the most common measurement for AD was SCORAD(the severity SCORing of Atopic Dermatitis index), there were 16 studies. There was one study which used the Jakob T scoring system, one study which used ADSI(the Atopic Dermatitis Severity Index), and there were 7 studies which established or used a new severity scoring system for AD. 2. In Korean medicine, AD caused by Damp-Heat is accompanied by erythema, papulation, oozing and crust, Damp-Heat accompanied by Spleen-Gi deficiency is frequently found in pediatric patients, and in adults who have indigestion. Symptoms of AD caused by blood deficiency and Wind-Dryness include lichenification, dryness, scale and pigmentation. AD caused by toxic Heat in the blood system has symptoms similar to some Damp-Heat pattern along with symptoms of blood deficiency and Wind-Dryness. Conclusion : We need to establish a new severity scoring system which reflects pattern identifications and treatments with Korean medicine, and we should assess the validity, reliability, and sensitivity of the new scoring system.

• The Journal of Korean Association of Computer Education
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.39-51
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• 2014

In high-stakes tests for large groups, the efficiency with which students' responses are distributed to raters and how systematic scoring procedures are managed is important to the overall success of the testing program. In the scoring of constructed response items, it is important to understand whether the raters themselves are making consistent judgments on the responses, and whether these judgments are similar across all raters in order to establish measures of rater reliability. The purpose of this study was to design, develop and carry out a pilot test of an online scoring system for constructed response items administered in a paper-and-pencil test to large groups, and to verify the system's reliability. In this study, we show that this online system provided information on the scoring process of individual raters, including intra-rater and inter-rater consistency, compared to conventional scoring methods. We found this system to be especially effective for obtaining reliable and valid scores for constructed response items.

• Clinics in Shoulder and Elbow
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.206-210
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• 2015

Background: Assessment of the clinical outcomes after rotator cuff repair is essential for their effectiveness on treatment. The Korean Shoulder and Elbow Society devised the Korean Shoulder Scoring System (KSS) for patients with rotator cuff disorder. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the availability of the KSS for assessment of clinical outcomes in patients after arthroscopic rotator cuff repair, and for comparison with other appraisal scoring systems. Methods: A total of 130 patients with partial-thickness or full-thickness rotator cuff tear who underwent arthroscopic repair using a single row or double row suture bridge technique were enrolled. The average follow-up period was 25.9 months. All patients were classified according to various factors. Comparison within corresponding categories was performed, and the correlation between the KSS and other shoulder assessment methods including University of California Los Angeles (UCLA), Constant and American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons (ASES) score was analyzed. Results: Total score of the KSS response had increased from 59.6 preoperatively to 88.96 at last follow-up. All KSS domains, including function, pain, satisfaction, range of motion, and muscle power had improved up to 24 months postoperatively. Statistical significance was observed mainly in preoperative measurements with number and size of torn tendons, and greater than or equal to grade 3 of fatty infiltration. The KSS was best correlated with the UCLA scoring system in both preoperative (r=0.785) and postoperative (r=0.951) measurements. Conclusions: The KSS was highly reliable and valid as a discriminative instrument, and it showed strong correlation with ASES and UCLA scoring systems.

• Korean Journal of Cognitive Science
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.223-255
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• 2008

In this paper, we introduce an automatic system of scoring English essays. The system is comprised of three main components: a spelling checker, a grammar checker and a lexical cohesion checker. We have used such resources as WordNet, Link Grammar/parser and Roget's thesaurus for these components. The usefulness of an automatic scoring system depends on its reliability. To measure reliability, we compared the results of automatic scoring with those of manual scoring, on the basis of the Kappa statistics and the Multi-facet Rasch Model. The statistical data obtained from the comparison showed that the scoring system is as reliable as professional human graders. This system deals with textual units rather than sentential units and checks not only formal properties of a text but also its contents.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.15 no.16
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• pp.6819-6822
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• 2014

Background: The aim of this study was to evaluate the accuracy of a new scoring system in Korean patients with hematuria at high risk of bladder cancer. Materials and Methods: A total of 319 consecutive patients presenting with painless hematuria without a history of bladder cancer were analyzed, from the period of August 2012 to February 2014. All patients underwent clinical examination, and 22 patients with incomplete data were excluded from the final validation data set. The scoring system included four clinical parameters: age (${\geq}50$ = 2 vs. <50 =1), gender (male = 2 vs. female = 1), history of smoking (smoker/ex-smoker = 4 vs. non-smoker = 2) and nature of the hematuria (gross = 6 vs. microscopic = 2). Results: The area under the receiver-operating characteristic curve (95% confidence interval) of the scoring system was 0.718 (0.655-0.777). The calibration plot demonstrated a slight underestimation of bladder cancer probability, but the model had reasonable calibration. Decision curve analysis revealed that the use of model was associated with net benefit gains over the treat-all strategy. The scoring system performed well across a wide range of threshold probabilities (15%-45%). Conclusions: The scoring system developed is a highly accurate predictive tool for patients with hematuria. Although further improvements are needed, utilization of this system may assist primary care physicians and other healthcare practitioners in determining a patient's risk of bladder cancer.

• The Journal of the Acoustical Society of Korea
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• v.13 no.2E
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• pp.58-67
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• 1994

Hidden Markov Model (HMM)-based algorithms have been used successfully in many speech recognition systems, especially large vocabulary systems. Although general purpose processors can be employed for the system, they inevitably suffer from the computational complexity and enormous data. Therefore, it is essential for real-time speech recognition to develop specialized hardware to accelerate the recognition steps. This paper concerns with a real-time implementation of an isolated word recognition system based on HMM. The speech recognition system consists of a host computer (PC), a DSP board, and a prototype Viterbi scoring board. The DSP board extracts feature vectors of speech signal. The Viterbi scoring board has been implemented using three field-programmable gate array chips. It employs a hardware-efficient Viterbi scoring architecture and performs the Viterbi algorithm for HMM-based speech recognition. At the clock rate of 10 MHz, the system can update about 100,000 states within a single frame of 10ms.

• Journal of Industrial Convergence
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.33-46
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• 2018

Personal credit scoring is an effective tool for banks to properly guide decision profitably on granting loans. Recently, many classification algorithms and models are used in personal credit scoring. Personal credit scoring technology is usually divided into statistical method and non-statistical method. Statistical method includes linear regression, discriminate analysis, logistic regression, and decision tree, etc. Non-statistical method includes linear programming, neural network, genetic algorithm and support vector machine, etc. But for the development of the credit scoring model, there is no consistent conclusion to be drawn regarding which method is the best. In this paper, we will compare the performance of the most common scoring techniques such as logistic regression, neural network, and support vector machines using personal credit data of the financial institution in China. Specifically, we build three models respectively, classify the customers and compare analysis results. According to the results, support vector machine has better performance than logistic regression and neural networks.