• Title/Summary/Keyword: scale issues

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Migration, Gender and Scale: New Trends and Issues in the Feminist Migration Studies (이주, 젠더, 스케일: 페미니스트 이주 연구의 새로운 지형과 쟁점)

  • Jung, Hyun-Joo
    • Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
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    • v.43 no.6
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    • pp.894-913
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    • 2008
  • This study examines scale issues in the contemporary feminist migration literature. Scale appears as important, yet poorly understood concept in this field of study. The increasing attention to the feminization of migration requires not only gendered, but also scalar-sensitive approaches. Feminists criticize the conventional approach to the migration as a gender-blind approach that privileges national scale around which migration processes are organized. Claiming multiscalar and interscalar analyses, they propose investigations ranging from macro to micro processes which include globalized gendered division of labor, transnational family networks, and reproduction which takes place in and through the bodies and homes of migrant women. The migrant women, the major actors in recent transnational migration, cross various borders: the national boundaries and the public and private divides, in particular. This crossover can unsettle patriarchal gender relations which have been established based on the physical and symbolic division of nation-states and public/private spheres. Blurring these divisions accompanies social construction of various scales. The transnational family networks of migrant women, for example, show the construction of a transnational scale by migrant women as well as globalization from below. This paper points out misunderstandings of scale in the feminist migration literature and attempts to fill the gaps by introducing the meanings and implications of scales developed mostly by feminist geographers. In so doing, it promotes the interdisciplinary communication.

A Study on the Design of Small-Scaled Derailment Simulator considering Similarity Rules (상사법칙을 고려한 소형탈선시뮬레이터 설계에 관한 연구)

  • Eom, Beom-Gyu;Lee, Se-Yong;Oh, Se-Been;Kang, Bu-Byoung;Lee, Hi-Sung
    • Proceedings of the KSR Conference
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    • 2011.05a
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    • pp.1085-1091
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    • 2011
  • The dynamic stability of railway vehicle has been one of the important issues in railway safety. The dynamic simulator has been used in the study about the dynamic stability of railway vehicle and wheel/rail interface. Especially, a small scale simulator has been widely used in the fundamental study in the laboratory instead of full scale roller rig which is not cost effective and inconvenient to achieve diverse design parameters. But the technique for the design of the small scale simulator for the fundamental study about the dynamic characteristics of the wheel-rail system and the bogie system has not been well developed in Korea. Therefore, the research about the development of the small scale simulator and the bogie has been conducted. This paper presents the design of the small-scaled derailment simulator and the example design case of a small scale bogie. The simulator could be used in the study about the effect of diverse parameters such as attack angle, wheelbase and cant on dynamic behavior of the bogie and the safety parameter such as derailment coefficient and critical speed.

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Practical statistics in pain research

  • Kim, Tae Kyun
    • The Korean Journal of Pain
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    • v.30 no.4
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    • pp.243-249
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    • 2017
  • Pain is subjective, while statistics related to pain research are objective. This review was written to help researchers involved in pain research make statistical decisions. The main issues are related with the level of scales that are often used in pain research, the choice of statistical methods between parametric or nonparametric statistics, and problems which arise from repeated measurements. In the field of pain research, parametric statistics used to be applied in an erroneous way. This is closely related with the scales of data and repeated measurements. The level of scales includes nominal, ordinal, interval, and ratio scales. The level of scales affects the choice of statistics between parametric or non-parametric methods. In the field of pain research, the most frequently used pain assessment scale is the ordinal scale, which would include the visual analogue scale (VAS). There used to be another view, however, which considered the VAS to be an interval or ratio scale, so that the usage of parametric statistics would be accepted practically in some cases. Repeated measurements of the same subjects always complicates statistics. It means that measurements inevitably have correlations between each other, and would preclude the application of one-way ANOVA in which independence between the measurements is necessary. Repeated measures of ANOVA (RMANOVA), however, would permit the comparison between the correlated measurements as long as the condition of sphericity assumption is satisfied. Conclusively, parametric statistical methods should be used only when the assumptions of parametric statistics, such as normality and sphericity, are established.

Research of the reduction measures for fall accident death in small scale construction sites. - On the Basis of work plate and scaffolding - (소규모 건설현장 떨어짐 사망재해 저감방안 연구 - 비계 및 작업발판 중심 -)

  • Yoo, Hyun-Dong;Kang, Kyung-Sik
    • Journal of the Korea Safety Management & Science
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    • v.16 no.3
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    • pp.55-62
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    • 2014
  • During five years (Year 2009~2013), Total victims of 72 %(81,560 people) and those 50.6 %(1,258 people) of death accident occurs in small scale construction site which operate 2 million USD less construction budget. Especially, falling death accident account for 785 people, in the share of 33.2 %(261 people) death disaster takes due to defect of original cause materials. The major safety issues in small scale work place take place while scaffold installation, disassembling, work-plate improper installation or non-professional skills of workers. Furthermore, labor subcontract systems make small construction site shortage of resources. Those workers regard work-plate as unnecessary and consumables supplies. Because of that most of workers use unsafe workplace in most construction site. Therefore, in order to prevent falling accident occurring in small scale work site, government should organize related regulations such as "Work site safety construction method" and then expands education support, financial aid, and sourcing safety supplies for work plate which offer broad variety experiences. Also, introduce certificate solutions for various work plates to improve safety function such as anchoring type method and anti sliding function.

A Study on the Application of a Meta-Evaluation Approach for the Development of an Evaluation Scale for Multicultural Family Support Services (다문화가족지원사업 평가지표 개발을 위한 메타평가의 적용)

  • Song, Hye-Rim;Park, Jeong-Yoon
    • Journal of Family Resource Management and Policy Review
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    • v.15 no.3
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    • pp.43-62
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    • 2011
  • The purpose of this study was to propose a framework and system for an advanced evaluation scale for the Multicultural Family Support Center and its services. For this study, we used the Meta-Evaluation method, which is also known as an 'evaluation of the evaluation.' The data were collected from 134 surveys of individuals working in the Multicultural Family Support Center. The questionnaire consisted of two parts: a) general opinions regarding the present evaluation scale; and b) concrete opinions about the details of the scale. The results indicated several problems and issues for improvement. In light of these results, we suggest that not only do the detailed scales have to be modified to incorporate workers' opinions, but also that the management of the evaluation system itself has to be improved in order to achieve more effective evaluation procedures.

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The study of pain and functional disability scales for low back pain (요통의 통증과 기능장애 평가에 관한 고찰)

  • Lee, Hyun-Jong;Nam, Sang-Soo;Lee, Yun-Ho
    • Journal of Acupuncture Research
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    • v.19 no.2
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    • pp.137-148
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    • 2002
  • Objective : The low back pain was the main reason of receiving acupuncture treatment. Despite its widespread prevalence, objective data assessing the pain and the results of various forms of treatment were difficult to find in korea. In order to compare the value of different types of treatment, it was necessary to use standard and meaningful forms of assessment. Methods : Pain and functional disability scales for low back pain were reviewed for contents, measurement properties and current methodological issues. Results and Conclusions : 1. The SF-36 Bodily Pain Scale and the Graded Chronic Pain Scale were commonly used for the standard pain scale. 2. The Oswestry Disability Questionnaire and the Roland-Morris Disability Questionnaire were commonly used for the standard function scale. 3. When evaluated, there was no definite answer to the results of the treatment. In the literature, the responsiveness of the Roland-Morris Disability Questionnaire ranged from 2 to 8 points but clinically, the ranges should be minimally changed from 2 to 3 points. 4. In the future, scale for low back pain should be standardized in multiple dimension so that the computerized adaptive testing by Item Response Theory could be widely used.

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Wind-tunnel simulations of the suburban ABL and comparison with international standards

  • Kozmar, Hrvoje
    • Wind and Structures
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    • v.14 no.1
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    • pp.15-34
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    • 2011
  • Three wind-tunnel simulations of the atmospheric boundary layer (ABL) flow in suburban country exposure were generated for length scale factors 1:400, 1:250 and 1:220 to investigate scale effects in wind-tunnel simulations of the suburban ABL, to address recommended wind characteristics for suburban exposures reported in international standards, and to test redesigned experimental hardware. Investigated parameters are mean velocity, turbulence intensity, turbulent Reynolds shear stress, integral length scale of turbulence and power spectral density of velocity fluctuations. Experimental results indicate it is possible to reproduce suburban natural winds in the wind tunnel at different length scales without significant influence of the simulation length scale on airflow characteristics. However, in the wind tunnel it was not possible to reproduce two characteristic phenomena observed in full-scale: dependence of integral length scales on reference wind velocity and a linear increase in integral length scales with height. Furthermore, in international standards there is a considerable scatter of recommended values for suburban wind characteristics. In particular, recommended integral length scales in ESDU 85020 (1985) are significantly larger than in other international standards. Truncated vortex generators applied in this study proved to be successful in part-depth suburban ABL wind-tunnel simulation that yield a novel methodology in studies on wind effects on structures and air pollution dispersion.

Development and Validation of a Scale to Measure Engineering Empathy (공학적 공감능력 검사도구 개발 및 타당화 연구)

  • Choi, Sung-Youn;Ma, Eunjeong
    • Journal of Engineering Education Research
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    • v.23 no.5
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    • pp.51-60
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    • 2020
  • The purpose of this study is to develop and validate an Engineering Empathy Instrument. Engineering empathy is defined as the ability that encompasses the following three qualities, a skill to interpret social issues and phenomenon that may occur in the process of interactions between human beings and engineering systems, a practical orientation that enables one to take stakeholders' perspectives to carry out an engineering project, and a professional way of being that acknowledges empathic skills and associated practice orientations. Based on this notion, we develop a scale to measure engineering empathy and have surveyed 429 engineering students. Evidence for the validity and reliability of the scale is presented. In conclusion, we find that engineering empathy can be measured and conceptualized as three domains: a Learnable Skill (ELS), a Practical Orientation (EPO), and a Professional Way (EPW). We also find that sophomores show the highest level of engineering empathy as compared with other graders. While students accumulate technical knowledge, their understanding about engineering in social and interpretational contexts gets weakened. This implies that engineering education necessarily emphasizes the impacts of engineering solutions in interpersonal, societal, technologies, and environmental contexts.

Design of Small-Scaled Derailment Simulator for Investigating Bogie Dynamics

  • Eom, Beom-Gyu;Kang, Bu-Byoung;Lee, Hi-Sung
    • International Journal of Railway
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    • v.4 no.2
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    • pp.50-55
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    • 2011
  • The dynamic stability of railway vehicle has long been one of the important issues in railway safety. The dynamic simulator has been used as a tool for investigating the dynamic stability of railway vehicles and wheel/rail interfaces. In particular, small scale simulators have been widely used in laboratory studies instead of full scale roller rigs which can be quite costly and rather inconvenient for testing out the effect of diverse design parameters. But techniques for design of a small scale simulator for the fundamental study about the dynamic characteristics of the wheel-rail systems and the bogie systems have not been well developed in Korea. Therefore, a research on the development of a small scale simulator for investigating bogie dynamics needs to be undertaken. The present paper investigates design of a small-scaled derailment simulator and the design of a small scale bogie. The simulator developed can be used to investigate the effect of diverse parameters such as attack angle, wheelbase and cant on dynamic behavior of the bogie and key dynamic performance parameters such as derailment coefficient and critical speed.

The Development and Validity of the Korean Wisdom Scale (한국판 지혜 척도의 개발 및 타당화 연구)

  • Sulim Lee ;Seong Ho Cho
    • Korean Journal of Culture and Social Issue
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    • v.18 no.1
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    • pp.1-26
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    • 2012
  • The purpose of this study was to develop the Korean Wisdom Scale and examine the validity of the scale. The Korean Wisdom Scale was developed and identified its validity by exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis, correlation analysis. The Korean Wisdom Scale consists of five factors, which are 'Outlook and Insight', 'Adjustment of Emotion', 'Perspective Taking', 'Integration of Experience', 'Concern and Comprehension'. Those five factors indicated the reasonable fit index by confirmatory factor analysis. In addition, this scale identified a significant positive relation with psychological well-being such as satisfaction and meaning of life, satisfaction of relationship. On the other hand, it indicated a negative relation with psychological symptoms such as neurosis and clinging. Also, the scale was differentiated from Adult Self-transcendence Inventory. Therefore, the results indicated that this scale has a reliable criterion-related validity. Finally, implication and limitation of this study were discussed in relation with future studies.

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