• Journal of Society of Preventive Korean Medicine
• /
• v.19 no.1
• /
• pp.83-93
• /
• 2015

Objective : There are many documents that explain efficacy of herbal medicine products (HMP), however, explanations on efficacy are not consistent with the clinical use. The objective of this study is to identify the differences between herbal medicines used in clinics and Korean Medicine literatures. The disease was restricted in low back pain (LBP). Method : In order to investigate HMP for the treatment of LBP, we selected five Korean medical documents as reference and searched for key words related to LBP. Five databases were Information on Herbal prescription published by Ministry of Food and Drug Safety, 56 Herbal Medicines covered with Health Insurance, Guideline for prescribing herbal medicines announced by Ministry Health & Welfare, Explanation on Herbal Medicines published by Korean Pharmaceutical Association, website of Korea Pharmaceutical Information Center (http://www.health.kr/). The keywords were 'low back pain', 'lumbar', 'pain', 'myalgia', 'neuralgia', 'arthralgia', 'arthroneuralgia', and 'sciatica'. We also utilized the result of retrospective cross-sectional study in five university hospitals to investigate HMP used in practice for LBP. Results : From five databases, the number of searched HMP was 25, 12, 40, 12 and 38 respectively and 83 remained after removing duplications. There were 43 kinds of HMP used in clinical practice and only 20 (46.51 %) were included in one or more databases. Conclusion : This study suggests the necessity for reorganizing efficacy of herbal medicine. Standardizing explanation on herbal medicine should reflect the clinical conditions in further study.

• Korean Journal of Childcare and Education
• /
• v.8 no.1
• /
• pp.145-167
• /
• 2012

The objective of this study is to investigate the meaning of pre-service educare teachers' experience about child safety management classes based on Problem Based Learning (PBL). The participants in this study were thirty five sophomores majoring in Social Welfare, and fifteen weeks of data were collected. The participants were given five problems that were related with real situations. During the given period, they made documents from reflective journals, group or individual interviews, and online community resources. Analyzing the documents sheds light on the meaning of the pre-service educare teachers' experience. The results are as follows: First, pre-service educare teachers found themselves recovering confidence, earning recognitions from others, and pursuing their study. Second, they showed continuous conflicts not only with the PBL approach but also with themselves and group members. Finally, they experienced mutual help and interactions among the group members thorough their cooperative learning and they realized the meaning of cooperative learning by means of comparisons and references between the groups. In conclusion, this study confirms the applicability of PBL to the educare teacher training courses and points out specific ways to alleviate the conflicts in applying PBL to class needs in future studies.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
• /
• v.44 no.3
• /
• pp.217-226
• /
• 2018

Objectives: Despite the positive effects of Off-site risk assessment (ORA) system such as prevention of chemical accidents, some problems have been constantly raised. The purpose of this study is to analyze the problems that have occurred through the implementation of the ORA system for the past three years and to suggest reasonable directions for improvement in the future. Methods: In order to identify the problems with the methodology and procedure of ORA system, we analyzed statutes, administrative rules and documents related to the ORA system. A survey of ORA reviewers in National Institute of Chemical Safety was conducted to investigate the weight of determinants considered when judging the level of total risk in ORA. Results: In this study, we found out the uncertainty of the estimation of the number of people in the impact range in the procedure of the risk assessment of individual handling facilities, the lack of quantitative risk analysis methods for environmental receptors, and the ambiguity of the criteria for the total risk. In addition to suggesting solutions to the problems mentioned above, we also, suggested a decision tree for total risk in ORA. Conclusion: We anticipate that the solutions including the systematic decision tree for total risk suggested will contribute to the smooth operation of the ORA system.

• The Korean Journal of Community Living Science
• /
• v.18 no.1
• /
• pp.189-204
• /
• 2007

This review was to suey the status of agricultural diseases, injuries and accidents among England, the USA, France, Japan, and Korea. For this purpose, detailed research objectives were to analyze the current national status of agricultural diseases, injuries and accidents in Korea and four foreign countries. To do so, related literature such as books, theses, articles, and web documents were collected and analyzed. The implications for industry and agricultural safety and health, diseases, occupational injuries and accidents of farmers thereby derived were as follows: 1) efforts on unifying administrative systems, 2) special support and management systems focusing on neglected subjects, 3) committees for collecting opinions and suggesting alternative policies on the behalf of various financiers, 4) aligned strategies including vision, goals, and long-term plans about national safety and health projects, 5) development of supporting systems considering the features of agriculture, 6) systematized national surveys about occupational injuries and accidents for basic statistics and national studies, 7) active prevention efforts against occupational injuries and accidents, and 8) specialized funds for the safety and health of farmers.

• International Journal of Safety
• /
• v.11 no.1
• /
• pp.33-36
• /
• 2012

Examples and experiences of risk management on radiation under prolonged exposure situation are shown. The accident of the Fukushima dai-ichi nuclear power plant after the great east Japan earthquake (11 March, 2011) elevates background level of environmental radiation around the east Japan. For example, ambient dose equivalent rate around Tohkatsu area next to Tokyo located about 200 km-south from the plant, is about 0.1-0.6 micro-Sv $h^{-1}$ mainly due to $^{134}Cs$ and $^{137}Cs$ falling on the ground soil. This level is about double or up to ten times higher than the genuine natural level around the area. International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) recommends how to face the existing exposure situation; that is the prolonged exposure situation. Referring to ICRP's reports and/or related international/domestic documents, we have been discussing and acting to gain public's safety and relief, who have a possibility to be exposed to prolonged lower-dose radiation. Here, we introduce our several experiences on risk management, especially focusing on risk communication, radiation education to public, and stakeholder involvements into making decision in local governments on radiation protection, relating to the accident.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
• /
• v.26 no.4
• /
• pp.283-288
• /
• 2011

We surveyed the sanitary conditions for 17 cold and frozen food storage warehouses in Korea, using the following 5 inspections items: "putting into warehouse (A)", "prevention of cross-contamination (B)", "storage management (C)", "temperature control (D)", and "management of records and documents (E)", We included 20 detailed items. The results of distribution for frequency by five major inspection items showed that "(E)" was the highest, the next "(D)", "(C)"; and "(B)" was the lowest. In the correlation of inspection scores between total scores, "(B)" and "(C)" were highly related to the total score, therefore, the higher score of "(B)" or "(C)", the higher for the total score. In details of inspection items, "the management of cross-contamination upon taking product out of the warehouse" had the lowest score with a mean, of $2.67{\pm}1.80$, and also ranked as first of the 20 items.

• International Journal of Safety
• /
• v.10 no.2
• /
• pp.6-9
• /
• 2011

Examples and experiences of risk management on radiation under prolonged exposure situation are shown. The accident of the Fukushima dai-ichi nuclear power plant after the great east Japan earthquake (11 March, 2011) elevates background level of environmental radiation around the east Japan. For example, ambient dose equivalent rate around Tohkatsu area next to Tokyo located about 200 km-south from the plant, is about 0.1-0.6 micro-Sv $h^{-1}$ mainly due to $^{134}Cs$ and $^{137}Cs$ falling on the ground soil. This level is about double or up to ten times higher than the genuine natural level around the area. International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) recommends how to face the existing exposure situation; that is the prolonged exposure situation. Referring to ICRP's reports and/or related international/domestic documents, we have been discussing how to manage this situation and acting to gain safety and relief of public, who have a possibility to be exposed to prolonged lower-dose radiation. Here, we introduce our several experiences on risk management, especially focusing on risk communication, radiation education to public, and stakeholder involvements into decision making in local governments on radiation protection, relating to the accident.

• Journal of radiological science and technology
• /
• v.41 no.1
• /
• pp.67-73
• /
• 2018

In this paper, risk assessment was conducted to verify self - disposal requirements by landfill for exempted incineration ash by using Resrad Ver.6.5 computer code. The result of risk assessment by landfill for the incineration by-product is that individual dose is $6.91{\times}10^{-2}{\mu}Sv\;y-1$ and collective dose is $3.475{\times}10^{-7}man-Sv\;y-1$. It proved that the result meets reference dose of individual dose $10{\mu}Sv\;y-1$ and collective dose 1 man-Sv y-1 for general public. According to the current 'Nuclear Safety Commission Notice [No. 2014-3]', it states that the exempted wastes can be disposed of by incineration, landfill and recycling. However, most of recently documents and papers related to exempted wastes are disposed of by landfill and recyling and it could not confirm the case of exempt by incineration. If the national consensus is derived and treating the waste by using process of incineration is activated, it could be considered to treat low level of radiation wastewater and activated carbon excluded from exempted waste because of nuclide $^3H$ and $^{14}C$.

• Proceedings of the Korea Committee for Ocean Resources and Engineering Conference
• /
• 2001.10a
• /
• pp.15-19
• /
• 2001

Electronic navigation system onboard have have been developed with recent technology based on new concept such as electronic chart date. The most valuable system of revolution in electronic navigation equipment is ECDIS, which have been developed in order to reduce work load of mariner and give an integrated information by simple means, especially to improve the safety of ship's navigation. In order to be sure the function of ECDIS is satisfied, The international standard have regulated the performance in the standard, so ECDIS should be type approved by the marine equipment authority of each government. There are three basic documents, IEC61174, IEC61162, IEC60945 issued by IMO(International Maritime Organization) which should be used for type approval system of each authority. IEC 61174 include the method of test and required results for operational and functional performance of test equipment. IEC61162 is for sensor interface and IEC60945 is related to the test of environmental condition for general marine radiocommunication equipment. In this paper, we investigate international standard in detail and current approval system of general marine equipment. After that, we present the possible structure of type approval of ECDIS and important considerations of approval system such that ECDIS should be tested as one system not be separated between S/W and H/W.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Illuminating and Electrical Installation Engineers
• /
• v.27 no.4
• /
• pp.81-87
• /
• 2013

A grounding scheme is one of important parts in protection for safety of electrical installations. Terminologies are successively creating and gradually increasing due to diversity and external environments. The declaration and definition of terminologies concerning grounding are in disorder in several KS standards, electrotechnical provisions for electrical installations and electrotechnical guides related to electrical installations. There seem to be serious confusions in use among technicians and experts. In this paper, we proposed a new scheme and system to consistently use the technical terms concerning grounding described in KS standards and technical provisions. Different use examples and the present state of terminologies on grounding described in Korean documents such as KS IEC standards, technical provisions for electrical installations, consumer's electrical installation guide, and etc are investigated. Although the scope of this work is limited to examine the terminologies on grounding, it is expected that the proposed method could be contributed to the consistent use of terminologies in all areas in KS C IEC standards and technical provisions for electrical installations.