• Journal of Korean Society for Geospatial Information Science
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.145-154
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• 2014

The road network becomes more complex and extensive. Therefore, the inconveniences are caused in accordance with the time delay of the restoration of damaged roads, demands for excessive costs on information collection, and limitations on acquisition of damage information of the roads. Recently, road centric spatial information is gathered using mobile multi sensor system for road inventory. But expensive MMS(Mobile Mapping System) equipments require high maintenance costs from beginning and takes a lot of time in the data processing. So research is needed for continuous maintenance by collecting and displaying the damaged information on a digital map using low cost mobile camera system. In this research we aim to develop the techniques for mosaic with a regular ground sample distance using successive image from oblique camera on a vehicle. For doing this, mosaic image is generated by estimating the homography of high resolution oblique image, and the ground sample distance and appropriate overlap are analyzed using high resolution aerial oblique images which contain resolution target. Based on this we have proposed the appropriate overlap and exposure interval for mobile road inventory system.

• Journal of Pharmacopuncture
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.31-35
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• 2012

Background and Objectives: Non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) represents approximately 80% of all lung cancers. Unfortunately, at their time of diagnosis, most patients have advanced to unresectable disease with a very poor prognosis. The oriental herbal medicine HangAm-Plus (HAP) has been developed for antitumor purposes, and several previous studies have reported its therapeutic effects. In this study, the efficacy of HAP was evaluated as a third-line treatment for advanced-stage IIIb/IV NSCLC. Methods: The study involved six patients treated at the East- West Cancer Center (EWCC) from April 2010 to October 2011. Inoperable advanced-stage IIIb/IV NSCLC patients received 3,000 or 6,000 mg of HAP on a daily basis over a 12-week period. Computed tomography (CT) scans were obtained from the patients at the time of the initial administration and after 12 weeks of treatment. We observed and analyzed the patients overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS). Results: Of the six patients, three expired during the study, and the three remaining patients were alive as of October 31, 2011. The OS ranged from 234 to 512 days, with a median survival of 397 days and a one-year survival rate of 66.7%. In the 12-week-interval chest CT assessment, three patients showed stable disease (SD), and the other three showed progressive disease (PD). The PFS of patients ranged from 88 to 512 days, the median PFS being 96 days. Longer OS and PFS were correlated with SD. Although not directly comparable, the OS and the PFS of this study were greater than those of the docetaxel or the best supportive care group in other studies. Conclusion: HAP may prolong the OS and the PFS of inoperable stage IIIb/IV NSCLC patients without significant adverse effects. In the future, more controlled clinical trials with larger samples from multi-centers should be conducted to evaluate the efficacy and the safety of HAP.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.355-358
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• 2015

BACKGROUND: Changes in Korea's agricultural soil properties were analyzed at a four-year interval from 1999 to 2002 on a national scale and used as basis for the determination of the appropriate agricultural policy on maintaining food safety and soil quality. The scope of this study ideally requires sampling thousands of paddy, greenhouse, upland and orchard land across the country, however, due to limitations in economic and manpower resources, it was deemed necessary to reduce sampling site to greenhouse soil. In this study, we try to investigate the applicability of cultivated crops as criteria for selecting representing fields in greenhouse soils.METHODS AND RESULTS: Soil samples were collected from red pepper, oriental melon, watermelon and strawberry cultivated soil. Principal components analysis (PCA) was performed on soil chemical properties of the selected fields: pH, electron conductivity (EC), available phosphate (Av-P₂O₅), organic matter (OM), and exchangeable cation (Ex.-K, Ca, and Mg). Soil chemical properties of oriental melon cultivated soil was separated from red pepper, watermelon, and strawberry cultivated soil on PC1 and red pepper cultivated soil was separated from watermelon cultivated soil on PC2. Position on PC1 was strongly correlated with pH, Ex.-Ca and Ex.-Mg and position on PC2 was strongly correlated with OM and Av-P₂O₅.CONCLUSION: The soil chemical properties of greenhouse soil was assorted amongst the different crops. Therefore, the cultivated crops as a criteria for the selection of representative field in greenhouse soil would be used in the future.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.28 no.5
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• pp.802-809
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• 2010

Phytophthora blight of pepper is the most economically important disease in the world cultivation regions. We investigated the phytophthora blight resistance of 300 accessions of Korean landrace of hot pepper germplasms collected from 83 local regions. The disease incidence rate was checked from 7 days to 28 days at an interval of 7 days after inoculation under greenhouse conditions. Among 300 accessions, the disease incidence rate of phytophthora blight of 67 accessions of pepper germplasm was more than 60.1%, while no disease was observed in 37 accessions at 7 days after inoculation. At 28 days after inoculation, five and eleven accessions of pepper germplasm were resistance and moderate resistance to $P.$ $capsici$, respectively. Two hundred forty four susceptible accessions (81.3%) of pepper were scored as having more than 60.1% of disease incidence of phytophthora blight. This result suggests that five candidate pepper germplasm might be used as breeding resources for the phytophthora blight resistance breeding program. Also, further genetic studies should be carried out to verify this result, with the overall focus of providing information on important characteristics of pepper germplasm.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.363-370
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• 2016

Noise is unwanted sound that is the reason of the stress and hearing loss. The current study attempted to estimate whether the noise of dental laboratory affected stress and pure tone audiometry (PTA) of dental laboratory technicians (DLTs) using heart rate variability, air and bone conduction audiometry. The age, heights, and weights of DLTs were resembled control. Standard deviation of normal to normal interval such as stress resistance and normalized HF of DLTs were significantly decreased, but heart rates, normalized LF, and LF/HF ratio of DLTs were significantly increased compared with control. In air conduction audiometry of DLTs, significant increments of thresholds encountered in 125, 250, 500, 1000, 2000, 3000, 4000, and 6000 Hz in the right ears and 125, 250, 500, 1000, and 2000 Hz in the left ears. Thresholds of bone conduction audiometry in both ears were significantly increased in 250, 500, 1000, 2000, and 4000 Hz. The findings in this study provide that stress and hearing loss observed in noise-exposed DLTs at dental laboratory. Therefore, proper safety precautions should be carried out at dental laboratory.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.212-219
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• 2009

Anticholinergics, which are commonly given as a pre-anesthetic medication to prevent adverse effects in canine anesthesia, can cause cardiac adverse effects. To determine the effects of atropine and glycopyrrolate on the balance of sympathetic nervous tone and parasympathetic nervous tone of the heart during ketamine anesthesia in beagle dogs, heart rate variability(HRV), duration of anesthesia and behavioral changes were evaluated. There were no significant temporal domain differences between atropine and glycopyrrolate. Concerning the frequency domain component, atropine and glycopyrrolate effects were significantly lower(P<0.05) than the control saline-treated group. However, the root mean square of the interval differences between consecutive R peaks(RMSSD) and the standard deviation of Poincare plot perpendicular to the line-of-identity(SD1) in atropine were significantly decreased(P<0.05) from the baseline value, and the low frequency/high frequency ratio(LF:HF ratio) in glycopyrrolate was significantly increased from baseline value(P<0.05). The change of SD1 agreed with that of the high frequency(HF) in the frequency domain component and also with those of respiratory rate and $SpO_2-R$. Our results prove that glycopyrrolate is more suitable as a pre-anesthetic anticholinergic in ketamine anesthesia of dogs with respect to safety and duration of action.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Pharmacy
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.364-375
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• 2011

Given that single blockade with angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs) or angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) can achieve only partial and undurable suppression of the Renin Angiotensin System (RAS), it has been hypothesized that dual blockage would be more beneficial in the management of blood pressure (BP) reduction and prevention of progressive chronic kidney disease (CKD) than either agent alone. Thus, it has been suggested that the combination of an ACEI and an ARB might provide renal benefits to hypertensive patients over and above BP reduction. However, this might also expose patients to additive or synergistic side effects. We attempted to conduct a systematic review to evaluate the benefits and harms of combination therapy in hypertensive patients with or without kidney diseases. MEDLINE and KoreaMed were searched for relevant randomized clinical trials in adult hypertensive patients with or without diabetes (restricted to 1997, limited to trials published in English). Results were summarized using the random-effects model, and between-studies heterogeneity was estimated with $I^2$. A final analysis of ten trials (23,928 patients) revealed that the combination of an ACEI and an ARB reduced blood pressure (SBP/DBP) by 3.95/2.02 mmHg (95% confidence interval [CI], -4.38 to -3.53/-2.33 to -1.71) compared with ACEI monotherapy, and 2.83/2.64 mmHg (95% CI, -3.25 to -2.41/-4.95 to -0.33) compared with ARB monotherapy. Eight trials (391 patients) demonstrated a significant reduction in 24h-proteinuria (weighted mean difference, 0.16 g/day, 95% CI, -0.26-0.05), but they did not translate into an improvement in GFR. Tests for heterogeneity showed no difference in effect among the studies. The combination therapy reduced proteinuria by 30% (95% CI, 23% to 37%) and 39% (95% CI, 31% to 48%) compared with ACEI monotherapy and ARB monotherapy, respectively. However, in patients who had proteinuria more than 0.5 g/day, the combination therapy failed to show significant reduction in urinary protein excretion. The current cumulative evidence suggests that diabetic patients with proteinuria on dual RAS blockade have an increase risk of adverse events such as hyperkalemia, hypotension, and so on, compared with ACEI or ARB alone. It is, therefore, proposed that the combination therapy should not be routinely used for the treatment of hypertension with or without compelling indications.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.46 no.2
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• pp.251-259
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• 2007

For the development of integrated pest management system by harmonizing biological and chemical control, some experiments wee carried out to select low toxic pesticides against natural enemies. and their residual toxicity were evaluated. Leaf dipping method, body dipping method, and diet treatment method were set up for the toxicity evaluation against Cotesia glomerata adults. We had tested 46 different pesticides (31 insecticides, 11 fungicides, 4 herbicides) at recommending concentration commonly used to control diamond back moth, disease and up-land weeds in chinese cabbage field. Twenty three insecticides, eleven fungicides, and four herbicides were shown to be low toxic to C. glomerata adults in the treatment of body dipping. After insecticide spraying at recommending dose on the chinese cabbage, we examined residual effect of insecticides by introducing natural enemies on different days. Safety interval for the introduction of C. glomerata adults was established according to the residual toxicity of pesticides. Safe insecticides for the introduction of C. glomerata adults at one day after treatment (DAT) were thiacloprid, acephate, chlorfenapyr, clothianidin and at 3 DAT were imidacloprid, deltamethrin, thiamethoxam, dimethylvinphos, emamectin benzoate.

• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
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• v.42 no.6
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• pp.879-897
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• 2007

The Royal District in Gyeungju-city was placed in lower surface of alluvial fan that was formed during the Last Glacial Age. During the Holocene, Bukcheon-river was reached in the dynamic equilibrium status and the form of river channel was similar or same to the present. The cases of dying people and carrying houses away by flood for ancient history in Gyeongju were six times, in 131, 160, 350, 496, 657 and 703. Like this big flood was happened at interval of $150{\sim}200$years. A period of big flood appearance in Bukcheon-river was extremely long. Therefore the people who had lived in Gyeongju for ancient history perceived that most part of riverbed of Bukcheon-river was a safety place from flood damages. Not only private houses. In east part of Bunhwangsa temple, that is, west side of Bukcheon-river where the river energy is maximum, a pillow block was built to prevent a lateral erosion but any artificial riverbank was not. In spite of high flood possibility in Bukcheon-river, there was no facility to prevent floods in this section. Also, deposits of flood are not identified. This point is very suggestive that Bukcheon-river did not flood for ancient history.

• Journal of the Korean GEO-environmental Society
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.39-48
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• 2016

In this study, it can be shortened tunnel construction work period by introducing a single-shell tunnel does not placing the secondary concrete lining, a global research trend, reduction of the cost of the lining placement and number of benefits that can ensure the safety of long-term tunnel with a single shell it was to study the tunnel method. First, we analyze the design and construction practices relating to delete lining of the domestic design and construction practices and a comprehensive analysis of the stability study found a rock in good condition interval (1~3 grades), we propose that the lining uninstalled. In the case of domestic changes on the ground floor is very heavy underfoot conditions many so tunneling method by single shell as ground conditions are good and one preferred the water points that apply in less soil, the soil health and poor sections (4~5 grades) reflecting with respect to the concrete lining that is expected reasonable.