• Journal of the Korea Institute of Building Construction
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.315-326
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• 2023

The design principles and implementation of rebar lap splice in architectural structures are governed by building regulations. Nevertheless, the minimization of rebar-cutting waste (RCW) is often impeded by the mandatory requirements pertaining to the rebar lapping zone as prescribed in design codes. In real-world construction scenarios, compliance with these rules often falls short due to hurdles concerning productivity, quality, safety, time, and cost. This discrepancy between code stipulations and on-the-ground construction practices necessitates an academic exploration. The goal of this research was to delve into the effect of rebar lap splice placement on the robustness and constructability of building edifices. The study initially took on a review of the computation of rebar lapping length and the rules revolving around the lapping zone. Following this, a structural robustness and constructability examination was undertaken, focusing on adherence to the lap splice zone. The interpretations and deductions of the research led to the following insights: (1) the efficacy of rebar lap splice is not solely contingent on the moment, and (2) the implementation of rebar lap splice beyond the specified zone can match the structural integrity and robustness of those confined within the designated area. As a result, the constraints on the rebar lapping zone ought to be revisited and possibly relaxed. The conclusions drawn from this research are anticipated to reconcile the disconnect between building codes and practical construction conditions, furnishing invaluable academic substantiation to further the endeavor of achieving near-zero RCW.

• Journal of IKEEE
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.332-338
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• 2013

BPEL is a standard executable language for specifying actions within business processes with Web services. BPEL workflow requires rule engine to describe application process in BPEL, as the requirements increase. It is needed to develop new BPEL's engine or modify BPEL's engine in order to add the functionality of rules to BPEL engines, but this method is not easy to implement and it requires very high cost. In this paper, we present an R4BPEL document, which uses the original BPEL grammar and includes a rule document. With this method, it is possible to build rule-based BPEL environment easily by adding web services with rules and R4BPEL document analyzer to the general-purpose Web services. In this paper, we campared a BPEL's document in proposed system with a BPEL's document in the existing system. And we demonstrated the simplicity of the rule-based system.

• The Journal of Society for e-Business Studies
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.59-77
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• 2010

The purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between the smart-phone and the existing service convergence to find out the future direction in convergence pattern in e-business. To analyze the data and to derive the result, the association rules are applied. As a result, the findings are as followings. Firstly, it is observed that the usage patterns of smart-phone and the existing service convergence are very similar. This means that the convergence of smart-phone can be predicted through the usage pattern of the existing users. Secondly, through the analysis on the convergence patterns of smart-phone usages and the existing services, the smart-phone's link to home networking and office equipments can significantly conform to the user's requirements. It is meaningful that this research has newly approached to the future direction of e-business and the future convergence paradigm by analyzing the relationship between the usage patterns of smart-phone users and the existing service convergence.

• The KIPS Transactions:PartD
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• v.15D no.6
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• pp.803-814
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• 2008

Product line architectures include variable parts to be selected according to product specific requirements. In order to derive architectures that are valid for a particular product from product line architectures, variabilities of product line architectures must be systematically managed. In this paper, we adopt an approach to variability management of product line architectures through an explicit mapping between a feature model and product line architecture models. If this mapping is incorrect or there exists inconsistency among product line architectural elements, variabilities of product line architectures cannot be managed correctly. Therefore, this paper formally defines product line architectural models in terms of conceptual, process, deployment, and module views, and mapping relationships between the feature model and the architectural models. Consistency rules for correct variability management of product line architectures are defined in terms of consistency in each of product line architecture model, consistency between different architectural view models, and consistency between a feature model and product line architectural models. These consistency rules provide a theoretical foundation for deriving valid product architecture from product line architectures.

• Journal of Creative Information Culture
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.209-217
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• 2020

Recently, interest in data analysis has increased, and convergence research through data analysis has been actively conducted in various fields such as engineering, natural science, and social science. In the field of architecture, various studies using data analysis are being conducted, and in particular, efforts are being made to solve the problems in the field of architecture that have been quantitatively expanded through the urbanization process. In this study, data analysis on residential satisfaction of residents in residential environment improvement areas and similar neighborhoods through urban regeneration projects is performed. Through analysis using R for post-residential evaluation elements that are conducted after building construction and occupancy, important evaluation items that affect the satisfaction of the residential environment are identified by analyzing the association rules between each evaluation element and identifying the frequency of major requirements of residents. To grasp. Through this, we intend to conduct convergence research between IT and architecture fields, such as the development of a system that can recommend high-quality residential areas as well as providing data for securing high-quality residential spaces when constructing residential areas in the future.

• THE INTERNATIONAL COMMERCE & LAW REVIEW
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• v.69
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• pp.1-22
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• 2016

This study primarily concerns the cases recently held as to the formation of contract under the CISG. In order to put forward the most plausible direction to interpret the rules on the formation of contract under the CISG, it particularly deals with the followings. First, it scrutinizes the rules on the formation of contract, focusing on the requirements of offer and acceptance, the time when such offer and acceptance become effective, the issues on the battle of forms. Second, it introduces two recent interesting cases regarding the formation of contract and provides legal and practical advice to the contracting parties when they intend to conclude a contract under the CISG as a governing law. The followings are practical points that the parties should consider when they enter into contract. First, as any signature or intial made in the offer could be regarded as an acceptance, the parties are required to clarify the meaning of such signature or initials before the conclusion of contract. Second, it is not necessarily required one's signature for an offer to become effective but his name. Third, standard terms cannot be incorporated into the contract simply by reference to web-page or other documents. In order for such terms to be incorporated, it may be necessary to enclose them in the offer or to bring the other party's attention to them. Forth, one should remember that an acceptance by act become effective not when such act is complete, but when it is performed.

• The KIPS Transactions:PartB
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• v.18B no.5
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• pp.295-304
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• 2011

To effectively manage research information in the field of national defense, metadata about the information should be managed systematically, and an integrated system to help convergence and management of the information should be implemented based on the metadata. In addition, the system should provide the users with effective integrated search services in a mobile environment, because searching via the use of mobile devices is increasing. The objective of this paper is to suggest a MSISS (Mobile Semantic Integrated Search System), which satisfies the requirements for effective management of the national defense research information. Specifically, we defined national defense research ontologies and national defense research rules after analyzing the Dublin Core metadata and database information of the major military research institutions. We implemented a prototype system for MSISS to demonstrate the use of the ontologies and rules for semantic integrated searching of the military research information. We also presented a triple-based search service to support semantic integrated search in a mobile environment and suggested future mobile semantic integrated search services.

• THE INTERNATIONAL COMMERCE & LAW REVIEW
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• v.35
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• pp.71-98
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• 2007

UCP 600 approved at the Banking Commission Meeting of ICC at the end of October, 2006 comes into effect from July 1, 2007. The main revision of the UCP 600 concerning the sea transport document are as follows. First, if the bill of lading contains an on-board-notation, with the date of shipment, the date stated in the on-board-notation will be deemed the date of shipment. Secondly, phrases "on its face" and "otherwise authenticated" should be eliminated. Thirdly, when an agent signs for or signs on behalf of the master, there is no longer a need for the name of master to be quoted. Fourthly, the terminology "loading on-board or shipped on a named vessel" is changed to "shipped on-board a named vessel." Fifthly, phrases "the rejection of the documents transported only by sail" is removed. Finally, new rule in UCP is the signing of a charter party bill of lading by the charterer or a named agent on behalf of the charterer. My assessment of the revision in UCP 600 is as follows: Because a freight forwarder transport document is a weaker form than a liner bill of lading as collateral, banks may need a secure measure as to protect themselves from such a weak collateral effect. we recognize that Such a weak collateral effect stemmed from the elimination of rules in UCP 500 article 30, and the admission of transport documents issued by the freight forwarder as long as any one besides carrier, shipper, and charterer satisfies the requirements of transport document clauses in UCP 600. Finally, I hope the Commentary on UCP 600 will serve to explain the ambiguities remaining in the new rules.

• Journal of Korea Trade
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• v.24 no.8
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• pp.101-120
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• 2020

Purpose - The buyer's right to withhold performance is a useful and important self-help remedy to protect himself from the seller's breach of contract, and it is also the coercive means to induce the seller to perform his part of contract. However, the buyer's exercise of such a right often exposes himself to the risk of breaching the contract. This is generally due to his ignorance when he is entitled to the right and also uncertainties inherent in the law. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to examine what the requirements should be fulfilled before the buyer exercises the right for the seller's actual breach of contract. Design/methodology - In order to achieve the purposes of the study, it executes a comparative study of the rules as to the requirements for the buyer's right to withhold performance for the seller's actual non-performance under the CISG and the CESL. It mainly focuses on performance due, the seller's non-performance, the buyer's readiness to perform and the requirement of notice. Findings - The main findings of this comparative study can be summarized as follows: Although the CISG has no expressive provision for the buyer's general right to withhold performance for the seller's actual non-performance, it may be inferred from the general principles the CISG underlies, synallagmatic nature of the contract. In addition, it can be drawn by analogy from relevant provisions of the CISG. On the other hand, the CESL expressively provides that the buyer has a general right to withhold performance where the seller fails to tender performance or perform the contract. Therefore, it seems that the position of CESL is rather easier and more apparent to allow the buyer to withhold performance for the seller's non-performance. Originality/value - Most of the existing studies on the right to withhold performance under the CISG have centered on the right to withhold performance for an anticipatory breach of contract. On the other hand, there have been few prior studies on the right to withhold performance for the actual nonperformance during a contractual period of performance. Therefore, this paper examined the requirements for the buyer's right to withhold performance under the CISG and the CESL in a comparative way for the seller's actual breach of obligation. In this conclusion, it may provide practical and legal considerations and implications for business people who are not certain about the right to withhold performance.

• Korean Journal of Computational Design and Engineering
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• v.15 no.6
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• pp.425-439
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• 2010

The current challenge with which most shipyards are forced is to reduce the design time and the time-to-delivery because of explosive order of shipbuilding. Collaborative design and product data management have become important to reduce the lead time. Furthermore, enterprise information technologies such as ERP (Enterprise Resource Planning), SCM (Supply Chain management), and APS (Advanced Planning System) requires the collaborative environment. Also, manufacturing environment has been considered as a topic of strategic interest to get shorter product lifecycles in shipyards. Most shipyards have chosen an environment of ETO (Engineering To Order) strategy which designs and produces new products in response to various requirements of customer, rules and regulations. In the ATO (Assemble 10 Order) environment, most component parts have been designed to be procured or produced on the order requirement. The basic distinction between the ETO and ATO is the timing of the design. Thus in the ATO environment, it is more flexible in reducing the lead time to meet the specified requirements of customers. However, the ETO strategy requires new ship design process and ship product structures that are linked with the implementation of PLM. And, the function and architecture of current PLM solution has been designed based upon ATO environment properly. This paper presents the PLM architecture which effectively reflects the characteristics of shipbuilding. 4-layer architecture model is suggested to implement the PLM system. Also, implemented functions of ship PLM is explained in order to make a practical guidance for ship PLM implementation.