• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.217-222
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• 1995

Experiments were conducted to study the effect of IBA, mineral stone and stem hardness on rooting characteristics in mature Aloe vera plant. The rooting ability in matured Aloe vera was of highly significance when the amount of IBA treatment was increased to 5.000mg/l. The treatment of IBA 5.000mg/l, together with mineral stone(v/w 1.5 times), gave more root number, the length and the dry weight of root were, also, higher in semihard wood cutting than soft wood cutting in matured Aloe vera.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.13 no.9
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• pp.1278-1284
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• 2000

An experiment was performed to evaluate different methods for preserving shrimp by-products and to determine their chemical composition. In the first experiment three ratios of shrimp by-product (SBP) to molasses (6:1, 4:1 and 3:1, wet weight), and to cassava root meal (3:1, 2:1 and 1:1, wet weight of shrimp by-product and air-dry weight of cassava root meal) were investigated. The pH of the SBP ensiled with molasses at a ratio of 3:1, and with cassava root meal at a ratio of 1:1, decreased during the first week to below 4.5 and remained low up to day 56 of ensiling, whereas the pH of the mixtures with higher ratios of SBP remained above 7.0, and the material deteriorated rapidly. The dry matter decreased initially in all treatments but then increased slightly from day 28 in the treatment where shrimp by-product was ensiled with cassava root meal at a ratio of 1:1. The crude protein (CP) and ammonia-N $(NH_3-N)$ contents of the preserved shrimp by-product material ensiled with molasses at a ratio of 3:1 increased significantly one week after ensiling. The CP content then remained constant, while the $NH_3-N$ concentration continued to increase up to 56 days after ensiling. When SBP was ensiled with cassava root meal at a ratio of 1:1 the CP content of the silage increased significantly up to 21 days after ensiling and then decreased back to the original level after 56 days, whereas $NH_3-N$ increased markedly up to 14 days and then remained fairly constant up to 56 days. However, the $NH_3-N$ content was significantly higher when SBP was ensiled with cassava root meal than with molasses. A balance experiment was carried out, arranged as a double Latin-square and including 6 F1 (Large White ${\times}$ Mong Cai) castrates fed randomly one of three diets based on cassava root meal, rice bran, and fish meal (FM) or shrimp by-product ensiled with molasses (SBEMO) or with cassava root meal (SBECA) as the main protein source. Apparent organic matter and CP digestibilities were significantly (p<0.001) higher for the fish meal diet than for the two shrimp by-product diets, although CP digestibility in SBEMO and SBECA was similar (p>0.05). N-retention was significantly higher for the fish meal diet than for the SBEMO diet, which in turn was significantly higher than for the SBECA diet (p<0.01). It can be concluded that shrimp by-product can be preserved by ensiling with molasses at a ratio of 3:1 or with cassava root meal at a ratio of 1:1. Nutrient digestibility and N-retention of diets based on these shrimp by-product silages were lower than for similar diets based on fish meal, probably due to their high chitin content and inferior amino acid balance.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.1-4
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• 1988

This study was invesigated to find out the optimum planting densities of Sculellaria baicalensis GEORGE about growth characters, yield components and yield at 6 planting densities by direct sowing culture. The results obtained are summarized as follows ; Studying the correlationship, the highly negative significances were found between planting densities and dry wights of root, leaves and stem ; on the other hand, the highly positive significances were found between planting densities and plant hight, stem diameter, respeitively. Plant height was long in dense planting, and short in spacious planting by direct sowing culture. Stem diameter was thick in spacious planting, and was thin in dense planting. Length and dry weight of root per plant were decreased in dense planting and were increased in spacious planting by direct sowing culture. Quality and yield of dry root weight were highest in optimum planting densities (30${\times}$10cm ; 33plants/m$^2$) by direct sowing culture.

• Korean Journal Plant Pathology
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.94-97
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• 1995

In 1994, an abnormal rice growth was observed in a 0.5-ha scale farmer's field located at Chogye-Myeon, Hapcheon-Gun, Gyeongnam Province where rice cv. Hwayeongbyeo was seeded directly in dry paddy field conditions. The major symptoms were less stands per acreage, short leaf length, and hypertrophy of root tip portion. The disorder was identified as rice seeding bight caused by Rhizopus sp. The average plant stand per m2 in the infested field was 108, while it was 375 in the normal field, and leaf growth was retarded to less than one-third of healthy plant. The average leaf lengths of infected and healthy seedlings were 12.8cm and 38.9cm, respectively. When the infected seedlings were transplanted to pots, flooded-soil conditions developed no new root growth but upland conditions allowed 11.2 new roots emerging. The length of newly emerged root in infested soil was 5.3cm in upland and 7.1cm in intermediate flooding conditions. However, it was 10.9cm in non-infested soil with intermediate flooding conditions. When the plants were matured, the stem length of infected plants was reduced slightly as compared to normal plants, whereas the length of panicle was not significantly different between infected and healthy plants. The number of panicle per plant, however, greatly different with variation of infection degree. Grain quality such as the number of complete and incomplete grains per panicle, the complete grain weight per panicle, and the weight of 1000 grains was not significantly different.

• Mycobiology
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• v.39 no.1
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• pp.7-11
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• 2011

Shimizuomyces paradoxus showed no inhibitory effect against plant pathogen fungi, such as Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici and Alternaria solani. The S. paradoxus culture filtrate showed higher seed germination and seedling growth rates in canola than distilled water and potato-dextrose broth. A conidial suspension of $1.0{\times}10^4/mL$ resulted in the highest growth stimulating effects on total plant length, and fresh and dry weight of shoots and roots in cucumber, when compared to the highest suspension concentration. Total plant length and shoot weight increased with the foliar spray treatment, and root length and root weight increased by simultaneous treatments of soil drenching and foliar spray in cucumber. Lower concentrations of the S. paradoxus conidial suspension increased the harvest of tomato fruit.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.343-349
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• 2012

The use of growth medium is often recommended milkweed seedlings to grow and develop after emergence, and it is affected by growth medium and local habitat conditions. The effects of growth medium and partial shade on early growth of milkweed under drought stress (Calotropis procera L.) were studied in a field experiment. A split-split plot experimental design with three replications was carried out in the nursery. The main treatment plot was divided into two levels of shade; (no shading and partial shading). Sub treatment plot1 included growth medium at four levels (G1 = clay [suitable for milkweed growth], G2 = clay + sand, G3 = clay + perlite, G4 = clay + perlite + sand) and sub treatment plot2 included drought (irrigation intervals) at six levels (D1 = 2 [control], D2 = 4, D3 = 6, D4 = 8, D5 = 10, and D6 = 12 days per for three month). The results showed that drought stress significantly decreased emergence percentage, shoot length, shoot dry weight (SDW1), root dry weight (RDW), seedling dry weight (SDW2) and vigor index (VI). The use of growth medium increased all seedling characteristics. The G3 (clay + perlite) growth medium showed the highest performance, especially in terms of emergence percentage and seedling dry weight. Partial shade improved shoot length, shoot dry weight, and vigor index. Our results showed that the best treatment for high-vigor milkweed seedlings under drought stress was G3 (clay + perlite) growth medium and partial shade.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.51-55
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• 2010

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of planting position on the growth characteristics, yield and ginsenoside content in Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer at different growth stages. Referring to shoot growth characteristics, stem length, stem diameter and leave area were higher at front than rear, increasing as the proceeding of growth stages. But a lower chlorophyll contents was caused at front compared to rear and decreased as the proceeding of growth stages contrarily. According to root characteristics, root length and main body length were higher at front, with a positive correlation to growth stages, which was also shown on fresh root weight and dry root weight with the maximum in August. Meanwhile, the effect of planting position on ginsenoside content could also be definite by the highest content at front showing high light intensity, increasing as the proceeding of growth stages as well.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.50 no.1
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• pp.45-54
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• 2005

This study was carried out to investigate the patterns of dry matter (DM) production and accumulation, and to screen the relationships between related major growth characters and DM accumulation in four cassava varieties in Bogor $(6^{\circ}19'-6^{\circ}47'S,\;106^{\circ}21'-107^{\circ}13'E)$, West Java, Indonesia. Gading and Adiral developed an enough source and canopy in short at the early growth phase and then translocated assimilates to storage roots with a higher partitioning rate, even these varieties were considered as early-bulking varieties, which have superior source and sink potentials in increasing yield and DM of tubers. The root/shoot ratio (R/SR), total dry weight (TDW), leaf area duration, leaf area index (LAI), and number of tubers showed higher positive correlations with the dry weight of roots (DWR), and the direct effects of TDW, R/SR, and LAI on the DWR were higher. These characters were considered to be useful target characters to screen cassava varieties with high yield potential and high DM in aspect of tuber production.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Crop Science Conference
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• 1994.06a
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• pp.82-83
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• 1994

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.31 no.5
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• pp.1-10
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• 2003

The purpose of this study was to verify the shore margin protection effect of a root system developed from direct sticking of Salix gracilistyla Miq., focusing on the reinforcement of soil shear strength. The materials were 20cm long sticks whose average diameter and weight were 7.52mm and 14.58g respectively, and sandy loam(Sand 60.36%, Silt 28%, Clay 11.64%), whose maximum dry weight(${\gamma}$$_{dmax}$) was 1.59gf/㎤ at the water ratio( $W_{opt}$) 13.8%. The direct shearing test(KS F 2343) was applied to cylindric columms(diameter 132mm) of pure soil and two years old root reinforced soil. At each condition of vertical stress, 10N/$ extrm{cm}^2$, 14.41N/$\textrm{cm}^2$ and 18.82 N/$\textrm{cm}^2$, five soil+root columns were sheared. After shear tests, the root area ratio and soil moisture on the shear plane were measured. The results of this research were as follows: 1. The average of root area ratio was 1.86% and the soil moisture 14.67%. 2. Two years old root system was found to increase the soil shear strength of pure soil in terms of Cohesion(C) and Inner friction Angle($\phi$) as follows. 3. The relationship between root area ratio and the increased shear strength can be presented with the following equation, $\Delta$S ≒ 0.33ㆍ TrㆍAs/A $\Delta$S : Increased Shear Strength Tr : Average Tension Strength of Root, Ar/A : Root Area Ratioioage Tension Strength of Root, Ar/A : Root Area Ratio