• 한국철도학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국철도학회 2005년도 추계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.424-442
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• 2005

In this paper a design of a large shield Tunnel through weathered soil and weathered rock in 703 section of seoul subway line No.7 extension project is presented. The geological investigation results show that the projecet region consists mostly of weathered soil with some local weathered rock in the tunnel excavation level. A EPB shield TBM is selected as a optimal excavation machine for the large shield Tunnel considering the geological and site conditions. Also, the shield machine head and cutter for the large shield tunnel type are designed considering site geological conditions and average advance rate in similar projects.

• 터널과지하공간
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.53-66
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• 1998

Considering the mechanical cracking in the concrete lining of tunnels occurring in relatively short period of time after the construction, there is a need for the study on the mechanical behavior and the cracking characteristics of double lining support system(shotcrete and concrete lining). For the proposed study, downscaled lining models of Kyung-Bu High Speed Railway tunnels were tested. Most longitudinal cracks at about 93 percentage developed within 30 arch degree from the vault. Cracking load was about 30 percentage of the failure load and the deflection under the cracking load was 10 percentage of the deflection under the failure load. The overbreak around the vault contributed to the reduction of the capacity for cracking and failure by the percentage greater than the reduced effective depth. Of several rock block types considered in this research, the triangular block was the most critical, and the right triangular block under eccentric load was secondly critical for the stability of the tunnel lining system. The dimensionless support reaction curves were derived from the experimental results for single and double lining. The general equation to compute the designed flexural moment was modified.

• 터널과지하공간
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.87-95
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• 1998

Field instrumentation and numerical analysis by the finite difference method were applied to estimate the relaxed zone in a subway tunnel of shallow depth in soft rock, excavated by NATM. The convergence and ground displacement can be used to estimate the deformation behavior and the relaxed zone. Parameters for the several models previously suggested were measured using regression analysis techniques adopting a function of time and the face advance. The estimated relaxed zone by the MPBX and FDM analysis were 1.5~3.0 m and 1.5~2.0 m, respectively. It was concluded that the visco-elastic model and the time-dependent elasto-plastic model correlate very well ($r^2$>0.9) with results of the numerical analyses.

• 한국지반공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지반공학회 2002년도 가을 학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.147-179
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• 2002

The important role of observational method in geotechnical engineering are emphasized together with the direction of future development, concerning successful application of the technique on the site investigation, design and feed back at various construction stages. Case histories on the application of feed back are introduced in order to achieve the most economical and reliable construction for tunnel, rock slope and deep excavations through feed back system at design and construction stages. Also the limitations and advantages of the observational method and the role of feed back system are discussed for construction of tunnel, rock slope and deep excavation in hard ground such as layered ground conditions including weathered, soft and hard rocks.

• 터널과지하공간
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• 제8권4호
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• pp.321-331
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• 1998

기술적으로 타당성이 있는 설계와 안전하고 경제적인 시공을 달성하기 위하여 필요한 터널해석의신빙성 확보는 굴착 및 보강작업으로 이루어진 일련의 시공과정을 역학적으로 파악해야 하고 암반과 지보재의 반응 거동에 대한 이해가 선행되어야 한다. 따라서 터널의 굴착으로 야기되는 암반거동과 지보재의 반응거동에 관한 연구를 위해 이론해와 유한요소 프로그램을 사용하였다. 암반-지보 반응거동의분석 결과 숏크리트의 물성에 대한 영향을 정량적으로 파악할 수 있었다. 단계별 굴착단계를 모사한 3차원 유한요소 해석을 통하여 지반 물성치와 무지보 굴착길이 그리고 측압계수가 하중분담율에 미치는 영향분석을 통하여 하중분담율을 결정할 수 있었다. 이러한 인자들의 경향을 파악함으로써 실제 터널 해석에 적용할 수 있을것이라 판단된다.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.245-259
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• 2020

Tunnels have become an indispensable part of metro cities. Blast resistance design of tunnel has attracted the attention of researchers due to numerous implosion event. Present paper deals with the non-linear finite element analysis of rock tunnel having shear zone subjected to internal blast loading. Abaqus Explicit schemes in finite element has been used for the simulation of internal blast event. Structural discontinuity i.e., shear zone has been assumed passing the tunnel cross-section in the vertical direction and consist of Highly Weathered Granite medium surrounding the tunnel. Mohr-Coulomb constitutive material model has been considered for modelling the Highly Weathered Granite and the shear zone material. Concrete Damage Plasticity (CDP), Johnson-Cook (J-C), Jones-Wilkins-Lee (JWL) equation of state models are used for concrete, steel reinforcement and Trinitrotoluene (TNT) simulation respectively. The Coupled-Eulerian-Lagrangian (CEL) method of modelling for TNT explosive and air inside the tunnel has been adopted in this study. The CEL method incorporates the large deformations for which the traditional finite element analysis cannot be used. Shear zone orientations of 0°, 15°, 30°, 45°, 60°, 75° and 90°, with respect to the tunnel axis are considered to see their effect. It has been concluded that 60° orientation of shear zone presents the most critical situation.

• 터널과지하공간
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.1-10
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• 1995

The behavior of a jointed rock mass depends mainly on the geometrical and mechanical properties of joints. The failure mode of a rock mass and kinematics of rock blocks are governed by the orientation, spacing, and persistence of joints. The mechanical properties such as dilation angle, shear strength, maximum closure, strength of asperities and friction coeffiient play important roles on the stability and deformation of the rock mass. The normal and shear behaviour of a joint are coupled due to dilation, and the joint deformation depends also on the boundary conditions such as stiffness conditons. In this paper, the joint constitutive law including the dilatant behaviour of a joint is numerically modelled using the edge-to-edge contact logic in distinct element method. Also, presented is the method to quantify the input parameters used in the joint law. The results from uniaxial compression and direct shear tests using the numeical model of the single joint were compared to the analytic results from them. The boundary effect on the behaviour of a joint is verified by comparing the results of direct shear test under constant stress boundary condition with those under constant stiffness boundary condition. The numerical model developed is applied to a complex jointed rock mass to examine its performance and to evaluate the effect of joint dilation on tunnel stability.

• 터널과지하공간
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• 제32권5호
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• pp.312-326
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• 2022

암반의 표준 파괴기준식의 하나로 인정받고 있는 일반화된 Hoek-Brown (GHB) 식은 암반공학적 활용에 특화되어 있으며 넓은 범위의 암반조건을 고려할 수 있다. 이에 따라 암반 구조물의 안정성 해석과정에서 GHB 식을 적극적으로 활용하기 위한 많은 연구 노력이 진행 중이다. 이 연구에서는 탄소성 해석법의 일종인 slip-line 해석법을 GHB 파괴기준식과 결합하여 원형터널 주변의 소성반경과 응력분포를 간편하게 계산할 수 있는 해석적 수식들을 유도하였다. 관련 수식 유도과정에서는 파괴 후 거동으로 완전 소성 거동을 가정하였고, 초기지압은 정수압 상태로 가정하였다. 이 연구를 통하여 소성반경은 터널 벽면과 탄성-소성 경계면에 대응되는 두 접선 마찰각을 이용하여 해석적으로 계산할 수 있음을 밝혔다. 또한 유도한 해석 식들을 이용하여 계산한 소성반경과 응력분포는 2008년에 발표된 Lee & Pietruszczak의 수치해석적 방법의 결과와 일치함을 보였다. 이 논문의 후반부에서는 유도한 해석 식을 활용하여 암반의 양호도가 소성영역의 크기, 응력분포, 접선마찰각의 변화에 미치는 영향을 분석하였다.

• 한국터널지하공간학회 논문집
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.211-224
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• 2018

터널의 지보패턴 설계는 터널의 안정성에 직접적인 영향을 끼치기 때문에 터널에 작용하는 다양한 하중들을 적절히 고려하여야 한다. 국내에서는 프로젝트에 따라 암반분류법을 기반으로 표준 지보패턴을 정의하고 있으며, 시공 시 터널거동을 고려하여 적절히 수정되어야 한다고 기술되어 있다. 본 연구에서는 내공변위제어법, 토압, 록볼트의 축력 및 숏크리트의 모멘트 등을 종합적으로 고려하여 지보패턴을 최적화할 수 있는 방법을 제시하고자 한다. 차분진화알고리즘(DEA)을 적용하여 터널 심도에 따라 록볼트의 길이 및 간격, 숏크리트의 두께를 최적화하였으며, 도출된 결과를 철도터널의 표준지보패턴(3등급)과 비교하였다. 천층지반에서 록볼트의 길이는 표준지보패턴보다는 짧아질 수 있으며, 간격은 넓어질 수 있다. 터널의 심도가 깊어질수록 숏크리트의 두께는 선형적으로 증가하는 것으로 나타났다. 따라서, 숏크리트의 두께는 심도가 깊어질수록 표준지보패턴보다는 두꺼워져야 터널의 안정성을 확보할 수 있는 것으로 나타났다.

• 터널과지하공간
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• 제7권3호
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• pp.191-201
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• 1997

Geological and geotechnical surveys, in general, should precede the excavation to ensure the safety of the tunnel and should be followed up according to the various geological condition during the excavation. However actually the standard support patterns which were decided during the design step used be insisted for the whole excavation steps in spite of the various geological conditions. OO tunnel was excavated with NATM and a support pattern type-V in weak rocks. When the tunnel was excavated up to 25m long, the severe displacement was generated in the portal area and the shotcrete was damaged to make the cracks and the tunnel face was totally collapsed. It might happen owing to the one-day heavy rain, but the exact reason for that accident should be found out and the new optimal support patternt needed. Consequently three dimensional numerical analysis was applied for the evaluation of the cause of the tunnel collapse instead of two dimensional analysis, because three dimensional analysis can show better the real field phenomenon than two dimensional analysis in which the load distribution methods are adopted for the tunnel excavation. We could simulate the actual situations with three dimensional finite difference code and propose the new optimal support patterns.